Presented By Santosh Kumar

CONTENTS1 Indexing

1.1 Problem

1.2 What is Indexing

1.3 Types

1.4 Clustered Index

1.5 Non-Clustered Index

1.6 Unique Index

1.7 When To Create Index And When Not

2 Hashing

2.1 Problem

2.2 What is Hashing

2.3 Algorithms Used In Hashing

2.4 Hash Function

3 Encryption

3.1 What is Encryption

3.2 Asymmetric Encryption

3.3 Symmetric Encryption

3.4 Which one is better.

3.5 Why Use Encryption

3.6 Transparent Data Encryption

Indexing

PROBLEM

Performance

Data Searching

WHAT IS INDEXING

An index can be created in a table to find data

more quickly and efficiently.

great indexing can make your application nimble

and fast.

TYPES

Clustered Index

Non-Clustered Index

Unique Index

CLUSTERED INDEX

It sorts and stores data rows in a table, based

on key values.

Sytax to create Clustered Index:

CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX Index_Name ON

Schema.TableName(Column);

CLUSTERED INDEX

This is also called implicit index because It is

automatically created by creating primary key.

Why Clustered Index can not created more than

one column???

Clustered Index

NON-CLUSTERED INDEX

It contains a key value and a pointer to the data

in the heap or clustered index.

Syntax to create non-clustered Index:

CREATE INDEX Index_Name ON Schema.T

ableName(Column);

Can it be created more than one column in a

table???

UNIQUE INDEX A unique index ensures that the index key

contains no duplicate values.

The basic system to create :

CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name on

table_name (column_name);

Uniqueness can be a property of both

clustered and nonclustered indexes.

WHEN TO CREATE INDEX AND

WHEN NOT

Indexes should not be used on small tables.

Tables that have frequent, large batch update or

insert operations.

Indexes should not be used on columns that

contain a high number of NULL values.

Columns that are frequently manipulated should

not be indexed.

Hashing

PROBLEM

Security

Data Stolen

WHAT IS HASHING

Hashing is used to hash some input.

In this we use hash function for hashing.

ALGORITHMS USED IN

HASHING

MD2

MD4

MD5

SHA

SHA1

SHA2-256

SHA2-512

HASH FUNCTION

A hash function takes in data and returns back a

fixed length block of bits such that any change to

the data should result in a different block.

HASHBYTES ( '<algorithm>', { @input | 'input' } )

<algorithm>::= MD2 | MD4 | MD5 | SHA | SHA1 |

SHA2_256 | SHA2_512

HASH FUNCTION

Hashing is One Way

Example Of Hashing

Example Of Hashing

Example Of Hashing

Encryption

WHAT IS ECRYPTION

A process that converts original information ,

plain text to difficult to interpret.

Done by using encryption algorithm.

ASYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION

SYMMETRIC ENCRYPTION

WHICH ONE IS BETTER?Although, symmetric encryption is fast, it is not assafe as asymmetric encryption because someonecould “steal” the key and decode the messages. Butbecause of its speed, it's commonly used for e-commerce transactions.

Asymmetric encryption is more complex--and

more secure. Asymmetric encryption's added

safety comes at a price: More computation is

required, so the process takes longer.

WHY USE ENCRYPTION?

Privacy Provides for confidentiality of private information.

Integrity Ensures that a document or file has not been altered.

Accountability Prevents denial or plagiarism.

AuthenticationProtects personal data such as passwords.

TRANSPARENT DATA

ENCRYPTIONTDE is a new feature in SQL Server 2008; it

provides real time encryption of data and log

files. Data is encrypted before it is written to disk;

data is decrypted when it is read from disk. The

"transparent" aspect of TDE is that the encryption is

performed by the database engine and SQL Server

clients are completely unaware of it. There is

absolutely no code that needs to be written to

perform the encryption and decryption. There are a

couple of steps to be performed to prepare the

database for TDE, then the encryption is turned on

at the database level via an ALTER DATBASE

command.

TRANSPARENT DATA

ENCRYPTION

Create a master key

Create or obtain a certificate protected by the

master key

Create a database encryption key and protect it

by the certificate

Set the database to use encryption

CREATE A MASTER KEY

A master key is a symmetric key that is used to

create certificates and asymmetric keys. Execute

the following script to create a master key:

USE master;

CREATE MASTER KEY

ENCRYPTION BY PASSWORD = 'Pass@word1';

GO

Create A Master Key

CREATE A CERTIFICATE

Certificates can be used to create symmetric keys

for data encryption or to encrypt the data

directly. Execute the following script to create a

certificate:

USE master;

CREATE CERTIFICATE TDECert

WITH SUBJECT = 'TDE Certificate'

GO

Create A Certificate

CREATE A DATABASE

ENCRYPTION KEY

A database encryption key is required for TDE. Executethe following script to create a new database and adatabase encryption key for it:

CREATE DATABASE mssqltips_tde

GO

USE mssqltips_tde;

CREATE DATABASE ENCRYPTION KEY

WITH ALGORITHM = AES_256

ENCRYPTION BY SERVER CERTIFICATE TDECert

GO

ENABLE TDE

The final step required to implement TDE is to

execute the following script:

ALTER DATABASE mssqltips_tde

SET ENCRYPTION ON

First Example Of TDE

Create A Database

First Example Of TDE

Create A Table

First Example Of TDE

Backup This Database

First Example Of TDE

Open this backup with notepad++

First Example Of TDE

First Example Of TDE

First Example Of TDE

First Example Of TDE

First Example Of TDE

First Example Of TDE

Second Example Of TDE

Second Example Of TDE

Second Example Of TDE

Second Example Of TDE

Second Example Of TDE

Any Question???????

Thank you.!