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2. www.embarq.org 3. Aileen Carrigan Heshuang Zeng Erin CooperMarco PriegoJorge MacasUmang Jain Daniela Fachinni Cristina AlbuquerqueGuillermo Petzhold Magdala ArioliMariana Gil 4. www.sibrtonline.org www.brt.cl 5. SIBRT: 19 Public Agencies from 8 Countries www.sibrtonline.org 6. www.brtdata.org 7. BRT and busway systems in the world # of cities and length (km) per country11 3 6 1 351 1 13 1114 12113 2151 4 1111112 6 640 km 1 31 62 320 km11 80 km147 cities = 259 corridors = 3,781 km1 2 kmsource: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 8. BRT and busway systems in the world# of cities and daily demand per country (M pax/day) 1136 1 3 514 1 1 113 1 211 2 1 1354 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 210.5 M pax/day 31 2.5 M 1 6 1 2 1.5 M 1 0.5 M 147 cities = 24,853,863 pax/day 10.05 M source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 9. BRT and busway systems in the worlddaily demand per region (M pax/day) AsiaUSA and Canada 25 cities20 cities25 corridors27 corridors 6.44 M pax/day0.85 M pax/dayEurope 42 cities51 corridors 0.94 M pax/day Africa 3 cities 3 corridors 0.24 M pax/day Latin America and Oceania the Caribbean 7 cities 50 cities 7 corridors 146 corridors 0.32 M pax/day 16.06 M pax/daysource: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 10. BRT and busway systems in the world evolution of the # of cities and km per decade 3781 km905 km Before 1990 (14 cities)493 km 1990 s (19 cities)Total length Since 2000 (114 cities) source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 11. BRT and busway systems in the world Evolution of the number of cities per year 251502010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang China;Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga Colombia; 125 20 Cumulative Number of Cities Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton Canada; 100 15New Cities 75 2000: Bogot 10 (TransMilenio), Colombia50 5 1974: Curitiba25 0 019701975 1980 1985 1990 19952000 20052010source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 12. BRT and busway systems in the world Evolution of total length of systems20004000350015003000Constructed length (km) Cumulative length (km)2500100020001500500 10005000 0source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 13. BRT and busway systems in the worldIn operation(147 cities)In expansion(21 cities)Planned / inconstruction(84 cities)source: EMBARQ, 2011 14. Top Performers 2012 15. Jakarta, Indonesia134 kmPhoto: http://www.unep.org/unite/30ways/story.aspx?storyID=45 16. So Paulo, Brasil2,109,000 pax/day 17. Istanbul, Turkey42 km/h 18. Bogota, Colombia 48,000 pphpdPhoto: TRANSMILENIO S.A. 19. Guangzhou, China35,800 pax/day/kmGuangzhou BRTs Gangding Station. Photo by Benjamin. 20. Guadalajara, Mexico3,100 pax/day/busPhoto: CTS EMBARQ Mxico 21. Guayaquil, Ecuador 13.2 pax/bus-km Photos by D. Hidalgo 22. The new kids (LAC):Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico Mxico CityRio de Janeiro Bogot Line 4TransOestePhase III 23. Mxico City Metrobs6 years, 95 km 755,000 pax/day+105 km 2013-2018http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa.html 24. http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa_L4.html 25. Metrobs Line 4April 201228 km (2 roads bidirectional)32 stops2 terminals2 airport stops54 Euro V 12m buses (8 hybrid diesel-electic)Integrated electronic fare collection (on board) 26. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 27. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 28. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 29. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 30. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 31. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 32. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 33. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 34. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 35. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 36. Things done wellRequired improvements Adaptive design to User information historic district conditions SpeedAdvanced vehicles Reliability New connections -Pedestrian safety mass transit corridors (BRT, Metro) and the airport 37. Rio de Janeiro150 km planned 2012-2016 38. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 39. Transoeste LigeroCurrently in operationProjectSince May 201256 km of which 48 kmsegregated median busways40 km of which 32 kmsegregated median busways 55 stations, 3 terminals91 articulated buses29 stations, 2 terminals110,000 pax/day by the end65 articulated busesof 201255,000 pax/day220.000 pax/day whenconnected to Metro in 2016R$ 2,75 (USD 1,36) per trip31 feeder routes, 147 feederbusesCapital investment R$ 1,6bilion (USD 800 million) 40. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 41. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 42. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 43. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 44. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 45. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 46. Transoeste Ligero Work in progress (71%) Very good user ratings (90%, InstitutoMapear, http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/pesquisa-sobre-brt-revela-aprovacao-de-90-dos-passageiros-5698633) 20 min time savings High occupancy Jaywaking Run overs 47. TransMilenio, Bogot104 km, 2 million pax/day (Dec 2012) http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&nav=1http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&nav=1 48. Fase III TransMilenio, Bogot 20 km, 520,000 pax/day (Dec 2012)http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2& nav=1http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/AdmContenidoUpload/administrador.contenido/Files/Fase3/Generalidades%20F3.pdf 49. Fase III TransMilenio, Bogot 20 km, 520,000 pax/day (Mid 2013) Eldorado Trunkway Carrera 10 Trunkway12.2 km7.7 km1 Terminal Station 1 Terminal Station1 Integration Station2 Integration Stations12 intermediate8 Intermediate StationsStations 1 depot1 depot2 pedestrian tunnelsPedestrian overpassAt grade pedestrianaccess, 1 pedestrian accesstunnelshttp://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2& nav=1http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/AdmContenidoUpload/administrador.contenido/Files/Fase3/Generalidades%20F3.pdf 50. http://www.caracol.com.co/images/1706569_n_vir1.jpg?u=150637http://interpolitico.com/inicio/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/transmilenio12-571x350.jpghttp://www.caracol.com.co/images/1654864_n_vir1.jpg?u=151257http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/IMAGEN/IMAGEN-12046587-2.png 51. Photo: Luis Lizarazo, El TiempoPortal Eldorado Troncal Calle 26Terminal 52. http://www.elespectador.com/files/img_ipad/fcd890eff2aed371be7a0ec1cee68d5a.jpg Troncal Calle 26 - Station 53. Central StationUrban Renewal Project (under construction) 54. Portal del 20 de Julio Terminal Stationhttp://www.elespectador.com/files/images/201105/7604fe3c744b9c4347f087bdc4a04dd6.jpg http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/IMAGEN/IMAGEN -8939936-2.jpg 55. Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano Troncal Carrera 10aCalle 6 Intersection and Intermediate Terminal(under construction) 56. New Flleet of Biarticulated Buses Euro V Downton Transit Mall (Eje Ambiental) 57. Phase III TransMilenio, BogotWork in progress (60%, expected completion by Feb2013)A component of the integrated mass transit system(SITP), being rolled outBelated, 6 yearsHigh occupancy in Phases I and II43 km BRT expansion planned 2013-2015 (+Metro+Light Rail Transit + Cables) 58. BRT Current Status:147 worldwide applications; concentration in LatinAmerica, high growth in Asia and the PacificInnovation continues: adapted to local conditionsand needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)High performance, low cost, rapid implementationTrend: from corridors to citywide integrated systemsSome issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy 59. Future of BRT TechnolgiesRunning way guidanceVehicle propulsion technologiesInformation technologiesFare collectionPlanning and controlling operations 60. Running way guidance/docking Mechanical Optical MagneticEssen (1980)Rouen, France Eindhoven (2004)Adelaide (1986) (2001), Castelln de laLeeds (1995)Plana, SpainCambridge (2011)(2008), Nimes, FranceCleveland (2011 ) (2010) and Bologna, Italy(2010).Tested in Las 61. Vehicle propulsion technologiesDiesel - reduction of the fuels sulfur content,engine improvements and filters and catalysts Compressed natural gas CNG Liquefied natural gas LNG Electric (trolleybuses), since 1911, in 315 cities Hybrid-electric drives Hydraulic Hybrids Battery Electric Hydrogen powered buses 62. Pollutant Emissions From Buse http://www.embarq.org/en/pro ject/sustainable-urban- transport-fuels-and-vehicles- program Authors: Erin Cooper, Aileen Carrigan EMBARQ Magdala Arioli, EMBARQ Brasil Umang Jain, EMBARQ India Contributors: Jorge Macias, Cynthia Menendez, Georg Schmid, CTS-EMBARQ Mexico Funding: 63. Source: Cooper et. al 2012 64. COTHC NOx PMCO2LNGHighVery High MediumVery LowE95 Very HighVery High Very High Very HighE93 Very HighVery High MediumVery HighD50+DPFLow Very LowHighMediumHighD50MediumVery LowHighVery High MediumD15+SCRHighVery LowMediumMediumLowD15+OC Very LowVery LowMediumMediumMediumD15+Hybrid Very LowVery LowVariableLow VariableD15+EGRVery LowVery LowMediumMediumVery HighD15+DPFVery LowVery LowHighLow Very HighD15Low Very LowHighVery High Very HighD150+OC Low Low HighVery High LowD150MediumLow Very High Very High MediumCNG+OC Very LowVery High HighVery LowMediumCNG+3WCVery LowLow Very LowVery LowMediumCNG Very HighVery High Very High Very LowHighB20Low Low HighMediumHighB100+SCR MediumVery LowLow Low Very LowB100+EGR Very LowVery LowMediumMediumLowSource: Cooper et. al 2012 65. ITS Fare CollectionAdvanced contactless smart cards arethe most common media; flexible,secure, convenientTechnologies:MIFARE, introduced in 1994, marketshare of more than 70%Octopus, in Honk Kong since 1997:applications in the Netherlands,Dubai and New ZealandCubic, in 40 markets around theworldVisa/MastercardNew: NFC and EMV; for use withcellular phones; under developmentin 80 countries 66. ITS Planning and Operations Advanced route design heuristics Advanced bus and crewscheduling Advanced operationalcontrol AVL/CADTraffic Signal Priority TSPControl: holding, earlydoors closing, TSP 67. New Methodology and Results on Tackling Bus Bunching Friday, December 14th at 1300 CLST (UTC-3)Presented by Juan Carlos Munoz, ALC-BRT Director 68. Muchas Gracias!Volvo Research and EducationalFoundations 69. Further Reading (2012 ALC-BRT publications)Hidalgo, D., Gutierrez, L. (2012), BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth, large positive impacts andmany issues outstanding, Research In Transportation Economics, Volume 39, Issue 1, March 2013, Pages 8-13Hidalgo, D., Huizenga, C. (2012), Implementation of sustainable urban transport in Latin America, Research InTransportation Economics (In Press, Corrected Proof).Hidalgo, D., Muoz, J.C. (2012), A review of technological improvements in BRT and BHLS12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport. Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.Hidalgo, D., Pereira, L. Estupin, N. and Jimnez, P. L. (2012), TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota, high performanceand positive impact Main results of an ex-post evaluation, Research In Transportation Economics, , Volume 39, Issue1, March 2013, Pages 133-138Jiang, Y., Zegras, C. and Mehndiratta, S. (2012), Walk the line: station context, corridor type and bus rapid transitwalk access in Jinan, China, Journal Of Transport Geography 20, 1 - 14.Kash, G., Hidalgo, H. (2012), The promise and challenges of integrating public transportation in Bogot, Colombia,12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport. Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.Kash, G., Hidalgo, D. (2012), User perception of Bogots integrated public transport system: trends andimplications for program implementation, Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. Washington, USA, 22-26January, 2012.Martinez, L.M., Dai, D., Viegas, J.M. (2012), Evaluation of the traffic control system of open Bus Rapid Transitcorridors: An application to the city of Guangzhou, 12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport.Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.Navarrete, F. and Ortzar, J. de D. (2012), Subjective valuation of the transit transfer experience: the case ofSantiago de Chile, Transportation Research A (Accepted) 70. O-Bahn, Adelaide, AustraliaOpened in 198612 Km, guided, $98 MM Aus (including buses), up to 18,000 pax/hour 71. Running way guidance costsKm Type ofCapital Cost Cost/Km(Pax/Day)Guidance (M) (M)Teor Rouen, 30 OpticalInfra 165Infra 5.5France(49,000)Buses 28 Buses 0.9Total 193Total 6.4Spurbus 16 [4] Kerb GuidedInfra N.A. N.A.Essen,(17,000)Buses 0.35/Germany unitTVRCAS2OpticalInfras 22Infra 11.0Castellon,(3,200)(trolleybus) Buses 8Buses 3.8Spain Total 30 Total 13.8Cambridge,25 Kerb GuidedInfra 85 Infra 3.4UK(20,000)Buses N.A.Source: Finn et al, 2011 72. Examples of Costs of Different Vehicle Technologies inEurope (Thousand )Propulsion StandardArticulatedDouble- articulatedDiesel200300 600CNG 250350 650Hybrid300500 850Trolley 4006501,000Fuel Cell*> 1,000 - -Source: Finn et. al (2011) * Not yet in commercial operation 73. Reference costs for Euro 5 Vehicles in Mexico (Thousand USD)Double- Standard Articulated Articulated Diesel 12 m 18 m 25 mHigh Floor with 90-150 NA NAstairs High Floor 130-160 330-365490-500 without stairs Low entry 150-180 NA NALow floor280-310 430-460630-650CNG + 20-30% Hybrid+40-60%Air Conditioned +15+35Source: Suarez, 2011