1. BRT Around the WorldUpdate 2012 and Future EvolutionDario Hidalgo, PhD Director Research and Practice, EMBARQBus Rapid Transit Across Latitudes and Cultures Centre of ExcellenceWebinar Series, November 29, 2012

2. www.embarq.org 3. Aileen Carrigan Heshuang Zeng Erin CooperMarco PriegoJorge MacasUmang Jain Daniela Fachinni Cristina AlbuquerqueGuillermo Petzhold Magdala ArioliMariana Gil 4. www.sibrtonline.org www.brt.cl 5. SIBRT: 19 Public Agencies from 8 Countries www.sibrtonline.org 6. www.brtdata.org 7. BRT and busway systems in the world # of cities and length (km) per country11 3 6 1 351 1 13 1114 12113 2151 4 1111112 6 640 km 1 31 62 320 km11 80 km147 cities = 259 corridors = 3,781 km1 2 kmsource: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 8. BRT and busway systems in the world# of cities and daily demand per country (M pax/day) 1136 1 3 514 1 1 113 1 211 2 1 1354 1 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 210.5 M pax/day 31 2.5 M 1 6 1 2 1.5 M 1 0.5 M 147 cities = 24,853,863 pax/day 10.05 M source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 9. BRT and busway systems in the worlddaily demand per region (M pax/day) AsiaUSA and Canada 25 cities20 cities25 corridors27 corridors 6.44 M pax/day0.85 M pax/dayEurope 42 cities51 corridors 0.94 M pax/day Africa 3 cities 3 corridors 0.24 M pax/day Latin America and Oceania the Caribbean 7 cities 50 cities 7 corridors 146 corridors 0.32 M pax/day 16.06 M pax/daysource: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 10. BRT and busway systems in the world evolution of the # of cities and km per decade 3781 km905 km Before 1990 (14 cities)493 km 1990 s (19 cities)Total length Since 2000 (114 cities) source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 11. BRT and busway systems in the world Evolution of the number of cities per year 251502010: Guangzhou, Hefei, Yancheng, Zaozhuang China;Jaipur - India; Bangkok - Thailand; East London Transit UK; Barranquilla, Bucaramanga Colombia; 125 20 Cumulative Number of Cities Ecatepec- Mexico; Lima - Peru; Brampton Canada; 100 15New Cities 75 2000: Bogot 10 (TransMilenio), Colombia50 5 1974: Curitiba25 0 019701975 1980 1985 1990 19952000 20052010source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 12. BRT and busway systems in the world Evolution of total length of systems20004000350015003000Constructed length (km) Cumulative length (km)2500100020001500500 10005000 0source: BRTdata.org, November, 2012 13. BRT and busway systems in the worldIn operation(147 cities)In expansion(21 cities)Planned / inconstruction(84 cities)source: EMBARQ, 2011 14. Top Performers 2012 15. Jakarta, Indonesia134 kmPhoto: http://www.unep.org/unite/30ways/story.aspx?storyID=45 16. So Paulo, Brasil2,109,000 pax/day 17. Istanbul, Turkey42 km/h 18. Bogota, Colombia 48,000 pphpdPhoto: TRANSMILENIO S.A. 19. Guangzhou, China35,800 pax/day/kmGuangzhou BRTs Gangding Station. Photo by Benjamin. 20. Guadalajara, Mexico3,100 pax/day/busPhoto: CTS EMBARQ Mxico 21. Guayaquil, Ecuador 13.2 pax/bus-km Photos by D. Hidalgo 22. The new kids (LAC):Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico Mxico CityRio de Janeiro Bogot Line 4TransOestePhase III 23. Mxico City Metrobs6 years, 95 km 755,000 pax/day+105 km 2013-2018http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa.html 24. http://www.metrobus.df.gob.mx/mapa_L4.html 25. Metrobs Line 4April 201228 km (2 roads bidirectional)32 stops2 terminals2 airport stops54 Euro V 12m buses (8 hybrid diesel-electic)Integrated electronic fare collection (on board) 26. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 27. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 28. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 29. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 30. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 31. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 32. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 33. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 34. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 35. Photo: CTS EMBARQ Mexico 36. Things done wellRequired improvements Adaptive design to User information historic district conditions SpeedAdvanced vehicles Reliability New connections -Pedestrian safety mass transit corridors (BRT, Metro) and the airport 37. Rio de Janeiro150 km planned 2012-2016 38. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 39. Transoeste LigeroCurrently in operationProjectSince May 201256 km of which 48 kmsegregated median busways40 km of which 32 kmsegregated median busways 55 stations, 3 terminals91 articulated buses29 stations, 2 terminals110,000 pax/day by the end65 articulated busesof 201255,000 pax/day220.000 pax/day whenconnected to Metro in 2016R$ 2,75 (USD 1,36) per trip31 feeder routes, 147 feederbusesCapital investment R$ 1,6bilion (USD 800 million) 40. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 41. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 42. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 43. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 44. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 45. Photo: EMBARQ Brasil 46. Transoeste Ligero Work in progress (71%) Very good user ratings (90%, InstitutoMapear, http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/pesquisa-sobre-brt-revela-aprovacao-de-90-dos-passageiros-5698633) 20 min time savings High occupancy Jaywaking Run overs 47. TransMilenio, Bogot104 km, 2 million pax/day (Dec 2012) http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&nav=1http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2&nav=1 48. Fase III TransMilenio, Bogot 20 km, 520,000 pax/day (Dec 2012)http://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2& nav=1http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/AdmContenidoUpload/administrador.contenido/Files/Fase3/Generalidades%20F3.pdf 49. Fase III TransMilenio, Bogot 20 km, 520,000 pax/day (Mid 2013) Eldorado Trunkway Carrera 10 Trunkway12.2 km7.7 km1 Terminal Station 1 Terminal Station1 Integration Station2 Integration Stations12 intermediate8 Intermediate StationsStations 1 depot1 depot2 pedestrian tunnelsPedestrian overpassAt grade pedestrianaccess, 1 pedestrian accesstunnelshttp://www.surumbo.com/paginas_php3/loadinfo.php3?InaNuIdMn=311&IngNuEleE=2& nav=1http://www.transmilenio.gov.co/AdmContenidoUpload/administrador.contenido/Files/Fase3/Generalidades%20F3.pdf 50. http://www.caracol.com.co/images/1706569_n_vir1.jpg?u=150637http://interpolitico.com/inicio/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/transmilenio12-571x350.jpghttp://www.caracol.com.co/images/1654864_n_vir1.jpg?u=151257http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/IMAGEN/IMAGEN-12046587-2.png 51. Photo: Luis Lizarazo, El TiempoPortal Eldorado Troncal Calle 26Terminal 52. http://www.elespectador.com/files/img_ipad/fcd890eff2aed371be7a0ec1cee68d5a.jpg Troncal Calle 26 - Station 53. Central StationUrban Renewal Project (under construction) 54. Portal del 20 de Julio Terminal Stationhttp://www.elespectador.com/files/images/201105/7604fe3c744b9c4347f087bdc4a04dd6.jpg http://www.eltiempo.com/colombia/bogota/IMAGEN/IMAGEN -8939936-2.jpg 55. Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano Troncal Carrera 10aCalle 6 Intersection and Intermediate Terminal(under construction) 56. New Flleet of Biarticulated Buses Euro V Downton Transit Mall (Eje Ambiental) 57. Phase III TransMilenio, BogotWork in progress (60%, expected completion by Feb2013)A component of the integrated mass transit system(SITP), being rolled outBelated, 6 yearsHigh occupancy in Phases I and II43 km BRT expansion planned 2013-2015 (+Metro+Light Rail Transit + Cables) 58. BRT Current Status:147 worldwide applications; concentration in LatinAmerica, high growth in Asia and the PacificInnovation continues: adapted to local conditionsand needs; new technologies (vehicles and ITS)High performance, low cost, rapid implementationTrend: from corridors to citywide integrated systemsSome issues outstanding: reliability, occupancy 59. Future of BRT TechnolgiesRunning way guidanceVehicle propulsion technologiesInformation technologiesFare collectionPlanning and controlling operations 60. Running way guidance/docking Mechanical Optical MagneticEssen (1980)Rouen, France Eindhoven (2004)Adelaide (1986) (2001), Castelln de laLeeds (1995)Plana, SpainCambridge (2011)(2008), Nimes, FranceCleveland (2011 ) (2010) and Bologna, Italy(2010).Tested in Las 61. Vehicle propulsion technologiesDiesel - reduction of the fuels sulfur content,engine improvements and filters and catalysts Compressed natural gas CNG Liquefied natural gas LNG Electric (trolleybuses), since 1911, in 315 cities Hybrid-electric drives Hydraulic Hybrids Battery Electric Hydrogen powered buses 62. Pollutant Emissions From Buse http://www.embarq.org/en/pro ject/sustainable-urban- transport-fuels-and-vehicles- program Authors: Erin Cooper, Aileen Carrigan EMBARQ Magdala Arioli, EMBARQ Brasil Umang Jain, EMBARQ India Contributors: Jorge Macias, Cynthia Menendez, Georg Schmid, CTS-EMBARQ Mexico Funding: 63. Source: Cooper et. al 2012 64. COTHC NOx PMCO2LNGHighVery High MediumVery LowE95 Very HighVery High Very High Very HighE93 Very HighVery High MediumVery HighD50+DPFLow Very LowHighMediumHighD50MediumVery LowHighVery High MediumD15+SCRHighVery LowMediumMediumLowD15+OC Very LowVery LowMediumMediumMediumD15+Hybrid Very LowVery LowVariableLow VariableD15+EGRVery LowVery LowMediumMediumVery HighD15+DPFVery LowVery LowHighLow Very HighD15Low Very LowHighVery High Very HighD150+OC Low Low HighVery High LowD150MediumLow Very High Very High MediumCNG+OC Very LowVery High HighVery LowMediumCNG+3WCVery LowLow Very LowVery LowMediumCNG Very HighVery High Very High Very LowHighB20Low Low HighMediumHighB100+SCR MediumVery LowLow Low Very LowB100+EGR Very LowVery LowMediumMediumLowSource: Cooper et. al 2012 65. ITS Fare CollectionAdvanced contactless smart cards arethe most common media; flexible,secure, convenientTechnologies:MIFARE, introduced in 1994, marketshare of more than 70%Octopus, in Honk Kong since 1997:applications in the Netherlands,Dubai and New ZealandCubic, in 40 markets around theworldVisa/MastercardNew: NFC and EMV; for use withcellular phones; under developmentin 80 countries 66. ITS Planning and Operations Advanced route design heuristics Advanced bus and crewscheduling Advanced operationalcontrol AVL/CADTraffic Signal Priority TSPControl: holding, earlydoors closing, TSP 67. New Methodology and Results on Tackling Bus Bunching Friday, December 14th at 1300 CLST (UTC-3)Presented by Juan Carlos Munoz, ALC-BRT Director 68. Muchas Gracias!Volvo Research and EducationalFoundations 69. Further Reading (2012 ALC-BRT publications)Hidalgo, D., Gutierrez, L. (2012), BRT and BHLS around the world: Explosive growth, large positive impacts andmany issues outstanding, Research In Transportation Economics, Volume 39, Issue 1, March 2013, Pages 8-13Hidalgo, D., Huizenga, C. (2012), Implementation of sustainable urban transport in Latin America, Research InTransportation Economics (In Press, Corrected Proof).Hidalgo, D., Muoz, J.C. (2012), A review of technological improvements in BRT and BHLS12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport. Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.Hidalgo, D., Pereira, L. Estupin, N. and Jimnez, P. L. (2012), TransMilenio BRT system in Bogota, high performanceand positive impact Main results of an ex-post evaluation, Research In Transportation Economics, , Volume 39, Issue1, March 2013, Pages 133-138Jiang, Y., Zegras, C. and Mehndiratta, S. (2012), Walk the line: station context, corridor type and bus rapid transitwalk access in Jinan, China, Journal Of Transport Geography 20, 1 - 14.Kash, G., Hidalgo, H. (2012), The promise and challenges of integrating public transportation in Bogot, Colombia,12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport. Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.Kash, G., Hidalgo, D. (2012), User perception of Bogots integrated public transport system: trends andimplications for program implementation, Transportation Research Board Annual Meeting. Washington, USA, 22-26January, 2012.Martinez, L.M., Dai, D., Viegas, J.M. (2012), Evaluation of the traffic control system of open Bus Rapid Transitcorridors: An application to the city of Guangzhou, 12th Conference On Advanced Systems For Public Transport.Santiago, Chile, 23-27 July, 2012.Navarrete, F. and Ortzar, J. de D. (2012), Subjective valuation of the transit transfer experience: the case ofSantiago de Chile, Transportation Research A (Accepted) 70. O-Bahn, Adelaide, AustraliaOpened in 198612 Km, guided, $98 MM Aus (including buses), up to 18,000 pax/hour 71. Running way guidance costsKm Type ofCapital Cost Cost/Km(Pax/Day)Guidance (M) (M)Teor Rouen, 30 OpticalInfra 165Infra 5.5France(49,000)Buses 28 Buses 0.9Total 193Total 6.4Spurbus 16 [4] Kerb GuidedInfra N.A. N.A.Essen,(17,000)Buses 0.35/Germany unitTVRCAS2OpticalInfras 22Infra 11.0Castellon,(3,200)(trolleybus) Buses 8Buses 3.8Spain Total 30 Total 13.8Cambridge,25 Kerb GuidedInfra 85 Infra 3.4UK(20,000)Buses N.A.Source: Finn et al, 2011 72. Examples of Costs of Different Vehicle Technologies inEurope (Thousand )Propulsion StandardArticulatedDouble- articulatedDiesel200300 600CNG 250350 650Hybrid300500 850Trolley 4006501,000Fuel Cell*> 1,000 - -Source: Finn et. al (2011) * Not yet in commercial operation 73. Reference costs for Euro 5 Vehicles in Mexico (Thousand USD)Double- Standard Articulated Articulated Diesel 12 m 18 m 25 mHigh Floor with 90-150 NA NAstairs High Floor 130-160 330-365490-500 without stairs Low entry 150-180 NA NALow floor280-310 430-460630-650CNG + 20-30% Hybrid+40-60%Air Conditioned +15+35Source: Suarez, 2011