+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD...

Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD...

Date post: 18-Jan-2021
Category:
Upload: others
View: 0 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
18
Matthew J. Campen, PhD University of New Mexico Characterization of Chemistry and Toxicity of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution Near Uranium Mine Sites on Tribal Lands of the Southwest Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD | 46 | #2020SOT
Transcript
Page 1: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Matthew J. Campen, PhDUniversity of New Mexico

Characterization of Chemistry and Toxicity of Ambient Particulate Matter Air Pollution Near Uranium Mine Sites on

Tribal Lands of the Southwest

Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD

|46| #2020SOT

Page 2: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Native Environmental Health Equity: Addressing the Impacts of Abandoned Mines on Native Communities

● >1/2 of Native population of US livesin 13 western US states, where161,000 abandoned hard rockmines also located

● >600,000 Native Americans livewithin 10 km of abandoned mines

● Greater reliance on local resourcescreates increased concern overpotentially greater exposure andresultant impacts

Lewis, Hoover and MacKenzie, 2017, Current Environmental Health Reports

Hot Spots in the Four-Corners Region for Environmental Lung Disease:

Silicosis and Interstitial Lung Disease/Sarcoidosis

Some images have been removed from this slide.

|47|Matthew J. Campen

Image source: Dwyer-Lindgren et al., JAMA. 318:1136-1149,2017.

Page 3: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Community-Based Concerns Drive Our Research

Demographics and Cardiometabolic Disease Prevalence in a Navajo Nation Cohort:

The Diné-Navajo Environmental Health Study

* self-report

VariableDiNEH Subset

(n = 252)Original DiNEH

(n = 1304) Age, years 55.3 (± 14.3) 51.5 (± 17.4)Female, % 57.5 56.4Self-reported health conditions:

Type 2 Diabetes, % 26.2 25.1Hypertension, % 38.1 35.9Heart Disease, % 6 5.4Myocardial Infarction, % 4.4 3.1Stroke, % 5.2 3.5

Body mass index (BMI), kg/m² 29.7 (26.8-33.6) 28.3 (25.1-32.6)* Obesity (BMI ≥ 30), % 47.6 41.2

Harmon et al., PLoS ONE, 2016

High prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and obesity

|48| #2020SOT

Page 4: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Multivariate Regression Modeling

Response variables mRNA endothelial cell responses to serum• VCAM-1• ICAM-1• CCL2

CovariatesExposure metrics:

• Water intake of metals• AUM proximity

Age, gender, BMI, HbA1c

Reduced models derived by model selection using AIC

Uranium Mine Proximity (NOT Oral Intake of Arsenic or Uranium) Correlates with Inflammatory Markers in Navajo Participants

Proximity to Uranium Mine Sites (Weighted by Surface Area of Sites)

CCL2 (Inflammatory Marker)

R = .267p < 0.0001

Harmon et al., JESEE, 2017

Ccl

2 m

RN

A Ex

pres

sion

|49|Matthew J. Campen

Page 5: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Community Research Interim ResultsCloser proximity to abandoned

uranium mines predicted increased serum inflammatory potential

Broader effect of overall burden of mining waste exposure

Dust from a storm in Monument Valley

Could windblown contaminated dusts negatively impact public health in affected communities?

• Other pathways windblown?• Other mining metals/mixtures

Steps in Risk Assessment:

o Hazard Identificationo Exposure Assessmento Dose-Response Assessmento Risk Characterization

|50| #2020SOT

Page 6: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

• “Dust” ranges in size greatly; respirable particles are generally<10 microns

• Size of particle determines how they deposit in the lungs• Mass mean aerodynamic diameter (“MMAD”) is used to

describe the size of particles– BASED on empirically determined particle buoyancy rather than

physical shape

Particulates

• PM toxicity is a function of:o Aerodynamic diameter

• Deposition and retentiono Chemical composition

EPA and HIS, 2010

> 500 abandoned mines4 mill sites

1,100 exposure features100s of contaminated wells

(Arsenic, Uranium)

DiNEH Study Area

New MexicoArizona

Utah Colorado

Location of Claim 28 Mine Site in the Blue Gap Tachee (BGT) Chapter of the Navajo Nation

Chinle

Gallup

Claim 28 Mine Sample Location

Blue GapTachee

*

*Background PM Sample Location

|51|Matthew J. Campen

Page 7: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

U

V

V U

A. B. Soil

• Sediments from Claim 28 mine site contains respirable metallicmineral grains

• XANES analysis suggests many of these metallic grains are likelycarnotite, a mineral composed of uranium and vanadium

Metal Contaminants in Surface Soils

Carnotite

V

EDS spectrum of the area in Red

U

U U

C. D. ResuspendedMaterial

• Soils were resuspended in air and captured in a NextGeneration Impactor to characterize respirable fractions

• Sub-micron (respirable) PM contained significantamounts of carnotite

Metal Contaminants in Resuspended Sediments

|52| #2020SOT

Page 8: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Carnotite Particulates Exhibit Nano-agglomerated Ultrastructure

Zychowski et al., Toxicol Sci, 2018

AsO Cr Cu Cd Co Zn Ni V Pb U103

104

105

106

107

Met

al C

onte

nt (µ

g/kg

)

Background PMClaim 28 PM

Initial Toxicity Assessments: Comparing Cardiopulmonary Toxicity of Contaminated “Claim 28” PM versus Background

PM• Dose groups (C57BL/6, male):

– Vehicle control aspiration– 100µg Claim 28 PM10

– 100µg Background PM10

• Euthanized 24h post-aspiration• Pulmonary inflammation

– Lavage Cellularity, Cytokines• Aortic vasomotor dysfunction• Cytotoxicity assay (in vitro)

Claim 28    Background

Pulmonary Endpoints

Vascular Endpoints

1

Carnotite Particulates Exhibit Nano‐Agglomerated Ultrastructure

Zychowski et al., Toxicol Sci, 2018

AsO Cr Cu Cd Co Zn Ni V Pb U103

104

105

106

107

Met

al C

onte

nt (µ

g/kg

)

Background PMClaim 28 PM

IInniittiiaall  TTooxxiicciittyy  AAsssseessssmmeennttss: Comparing Cardiopulmonary Toxicity of Contaminated “Claim 28” PM vs Background PM

• Dose groups (C57BL/6, male):• Vehicle control aspiration• 100µg Claim 28 PM10• 100µg Background PM10

• Euthanized 24h post aspiration• Pulmonary inflammation

• Lavage Cellularity, Cytokines• Aortic vasomotor dysfunction• Cytotoxicity assay (in vitro)

Claim 28    Background

Pulmonary Endpoints

Vascular Endpoints

|53|Matthew J. Campen

Page 9: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Lung Outcomes: Lavage Inflammatory Cells and Cytokines

Following particulate exposure in mice

*P<0.05; **P<0.001 by one-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s Post-Hoc test

Vehicl

e Contro

l

Backg

round PM

Claim 28

PM0.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20Ne

utro

phil

coun

t (x1

05 /ml)

*

**†

Zychowski et al., Toxicol Sci, 2018

IL-12p70

IL-1β IL-6

KC/GRO

TNF-α0

50

100

150

Bron

choa

lveo

lar L

avag

eCo

ncen

tratio

n (p

g/m

l)

*

*†

**†

**

**

Claim 28 PMBackground PMVehicle Control

Relative Cytotoxicity Assessment

• Treated THP-1 cells with increasingconcentrations of Claim 28 andBackground PM10

• Dihydroethidium and caspase-1levels were both elevated in THP-1cells treated with Claim 28 PM10

Zychowski et al., Toxicol Sci, 2018

|54| #2020SOT

Page 10: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Conclusions• Proximity to mine sites may be linked to circulating

inflammatory potential• Mine site soils contain mixed metal contaminants

– Many in respirable grains– Mine site–derived PM clearly more toxic to the pulmonary tract

than background soil PM samples• Both vanadium and uranium, key components of the ore

carnotite, have independent and complementarypulmonary toxicity

• But how realistic are these exposures . . . ?

Where Are We in Understanding the Range of Inhaled Uranium Ore Health Impacts?

Duration Pathology Exposure Risk Assessment Uranium Mine Site Ores

Acute Pulmonary TH1/2/17 Aspiration Hazard ID Carnotite/Tyayuminite(Vanadium)

Subacute, single dose Chronic Vascular Remodeling (Athero,

HTN)

Dose-Response Uraninite

Subacute/repeated Neuropathy—AD, neuroinflammation

Exposure Assessment Thucholite(pyrobitumen)

Chronic/repeated Fetal exposure/birth outcomes

Inhalation Risk Management Coffinite (Uranium Silicates)

|55|Matthew J. Campen

Page 11: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Steps in Risk Assessment:

o Hazard Identificationo Exposure Assessmento Dose-Response Assessmento Risk Characterization

Study Limitations, Next StepsLimitations:

● Fate and transportHow much contaminated dust is

the community actually exposedto?

Doses of mine dust administered tothe mice are much larger thananyone living near the mine wouldreceive.

Navajo residents have lived most oftheir lives near the site, receiving lowbut chronic doses over time.

The duration and extent of dustexposures are not well understood.On-site monitoring in 2017 willaddress these limitations.

Proposed next step: Mobile Laboratory

|56| #2020SOT

Page 12: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

The Long Drive . . .

Arrival at UNM Traffic in Blue Gap Tachee, AZ

|57|Matthew J. Campen

Page 13: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Claim 28

AirCARE1Laboratory

N

|58| #2020SOT

Page 14: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

|59|Matthew J. Campen

Page 15: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

FAPM 2.5

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Mac

roph

age

Cel

ls (#

/ml)

*

FAPM 2.5

0.00

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

Neu

troph

ilic C

ells

(#/m

l) *

FAPM 2.5

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

Prot

ein

(mg/

ml)

Lung Inflammation: Pilot Study• Exposures to concentrated PM from the Blue Gap Tachee, AZ, region caused

increased levels of inflammatory cells in the lung• We will need to compare with PM2.5 from other regions

LRRI PM2.5

Time (min)

PM2.

5 (m

g/m

3 )

0 100 200 3000.00

0.05

0.10

0.15

0.20

|60| #2020SOT

Page 16: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Overall Metals in PM from Completed Exposures, Spring 2018(Compared with Published PM Levels from Other Regions of the Planet)

Molybd

enum

Cadmium

Tung

sten

Lead

Uranium

Magne

sium

Aluminu

m

Vanad

ium Iron

Nickel

Coppe

rZinc

Arsenic

Seleniu

m0.001

0.01

0.1

1

10

100

1000

10000

100000Co

ncen

tratio

n (n

g/m

3 )

Measured Elements

Next Steps

• Move trailer to Laguna Pueblo– Jackpile mine is much larger and different ore type (uranium

silicates) for spring 2019– A “neutral” or unaffected site (TBD)– Other??

• Assay tissues• Complete wind dispersion modeling for SE Navajo region

|61|Matthew J. Campen

Page 17: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

The Long Drive . . .

Leaving BGT, AZ Setting Up in Paguate, NM

Current Location in Paguate, NM

Jackpile mine

St. Anthony’s mine

Paguate

|62| #2020SOT

Page 18: Presentation by Matthew J. Campen, PhD_presentations.pdf · 2020. 4. 10. · Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD Navajo NationPartners Floyd Baldwin Jr. Triva

Interim Conclusions

• Dusts arising from uranium mine sites are more toxic thanbackground dusts– Toxicity is either due to metal contaminants or morphology of

PM• However, even at close ranges, metal-contaminated dusts

do not seem to make up a substantial portion of the PM2.5that communities experience

• Metals data from Paguate, NM, will be very informative tofinalizing these conclusions

AcknowledgementsUNM College of PharmacyJessica Begay, MSKatie Zychowski, PhDMolly Harmon, PhDAbigail WheelerBethany SanchezSelita LucasMario Aragon, PhDBarry Bleske, PharmDGuy HerbertNitesh Kunda, PhDPavan Muttil, PhDChristina Tyler, PhDTamara YoungLauren Topper, PhDYoselin SuarezMarcus GarciaRaul SalazarBryan Villalva

Virginia Commonwealth UniversityAndrew Ottens, PhDEkaterina Mostovenko, PhDPretal Muldoon, PhD

UNM: CEHPJohnnye Lewis, PhDDebra MacKenzie, PhDEzter Erdei, PhDCarolyn Roman, PhD

Southwest Research and Information CenterChris Shuey, MPHPaul RobinsonSandy RamoneTeddy NezSarah Adiky

UNM Main Campus Jose Cerrato, PhD Adrian Brearley, PhD Sumant Avasarala, PhD Jorge Gonzalez, PhD Eliane El Hayek, PhD Johanna Blake, PhD Abdul-Mehdi Ali, PhD

Navajo Nation Partners Floyd Baldwin Jr.Triva ShirleySadie BillChris NezAaron Yazzie

Laguna Pueblo Partners Greg JojolaKyle SwimmerPat Pruitt

UTEP/OHSUHector Olvera, PhD

Funding P42 ES025589 R01 ES026673

NIOSHVamsi Kodali, PhDAaron Erdely, PhD

Michigan StateJim Wagner, PhDJack Harkema, PhDMasako Morishita, PhDRyan Lewandowski

|63|Matthew J. Campen


Recommended