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Multidimensional networks:the changing character and framework
of interfirm collaboration
Michael Steiner
Michael Ploder
13th TCI Annual Global Conference, New Delhi
Delhi, 29th November - 3rd December 2010
CLUSTERS, KNOWLEDGE and COMPETITIVENESS
- new focus of cluster research:
from analysis of forces of agglomeration to forms and
contents of knowledge exchange
- successful regions display innovative capacity, create
knowledge and stay one step ahead of competitors
- shift in emphasis: from material links to immaterial
knowledge flows within clusters
- interfirm alliances and networks as important form of
innovative activity
- Marshall (1890/1920), Weber (1929), Hoover (1948),
Myrdal (1957), Kaldor (1972), Dixon/Thirlwell (1975),
Storper (1995, 1997), Granovetter (1994), Amin/Thrift
(1995), Mariotti/Delbridge (2001), Gay/Dousset
(2005), Belussi (2006), Gordon/McCann (2000,
GEOGRAPHICAL AGGLOMERATIONand LOCAL NETWORKS
(2005), Belussi (2006), Gordon/McCann (2000,
2005), Rychen/Zimmermann (2008),
Reid/Smith/Carroll (2008) ….
- externalities are widely enforced by informal
dimensions, need for “institutional thickness”
- need for micro-perspective – selective interaction of
actors
- important to distinguish between content (type of
relation) and form (social structure of relation)
- intersectoral differences in spatial agglomeration
depending of prevailing sectoral + technological
pattern
SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS in a QUALITATIVE CONTEXT
- case study on automobile / machinery sector in Styria /
Austria: 18 producers, 5 technical business services, 9
R+D institutions
- interaction: DELIV
PRE-COMP R+D
COM R+DCOM R+D
- resulting network
- main results:
density strongest for PRE-COMP R+D
different position of actors in network as to centre /
periphery, kind of interaction, gate-keeper
depending on firm-specific characteristics (size, R+D-
intensity, export-orientation …)
- also: human resources and regional labour market
discriminative capabilities and heterogeneous
strategies of firms
!!!!
!!!!
- changing historical background resulting in changing
role of geographical agglomeration:
learn to cooperate, develop potential for innovation,
focus on market niches, specialize technologically
- different dimensions of interaction:
NEW PERSPECTIVES for CLUSTERSand COMPETITIVENESS
- different dimensions of interaction:
network is dominated by knowledge intensive relations
- diffusion of knowledge within clusters highly selective,
depending on firm capabilities and firm behaviour
- no automatic agglomeration effects but:
clusters as institutions for knowledge generation and
diffusion leading to a higher competitiveness