ON-BOARD ANALYSIS OF BALLAST WATER
FOR VERIFICATION OF IMO-COMPLIANCE
CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS
Lemieux et al 2008/2011 SMM gmec Hamburg 2012
If not otherwise indicated, all photographs by SGS
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BACKGROUND
Estimated annual costs associated to non-indigenous species introduction
Taxonomic Group Annual Costs (USD)
Fish 5,7 billion
Zebra Mussel 1,06 billion
Asiatic Clam 1,06 billion
Aquatic Weeds 117 million
Green Crab 47 million
Source:
Pimentel, D. et al 2005: Update of the environmental and
economic costs associated with alien-invasive species in the
United States; Ecological Economics 52: 273-288
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RECENT CONFERENCES ON BALLAST WATER
ISSUES
Facts :
duration of landbased tests and shipbased
tests possibly is too short
failure in performance of BWTS
representative sampling procedures are not
available
analytical methods for rapid on-board
compliance testing are not available
Findings :
longterm experience with BWTS is not
available
performance of BWTS cannot be adequately
assessed
the decision on which type of BWTS for
which type of vessel is difficult to take
London February 2012: Ballast Water Technology Conference
London April 2012 : Ballast Water Treatment Technology
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ON BOARD COMPLIANCE ANALYSIS
Necessary Characteristics
Adequate sampling techniques
Representative sampling procedures
Adequate analytic methods
Rapid protocol from sample to result
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TARGET ORGANISMS
IMO Size Classes
Organisms >50µm
micro- and macroorganisms
Organisms >10µm <50µm
Phytoplankton, Zooplankton
Bacteria (0,2µm)
Escherichia coli, Enterococci
Vibrio cholerae ( ! )
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TECHNIQUES AND METHODS
Sampling
All IMO target organisms : filtration
Organisms >10µm <50µm : immediate counting
Bacteria (0,2µm) : 24-48 h incubation, counting
Analytics
Organisms >50µm : immediate counting
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CHARACTERISTICS OF BALLAST WATER
Ballast water is an artificial water body
treatment
no sun light
reduced mixing
O2 depletion
CO2 depletion
shift of buffer system
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BSH PROJECT
EFFECTIVE NEW TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE ASSESMENT OF
COMPLIANCE WITH THE BALLAST WATER MANAGEMENT
CONVENTION
Call for proposals: August 2011
Decision by BSH: March 2012
Project executants selected by BSH
SGS Institut Fresenius GmbH: project management and representative
sampling
Moss Landings Marine Laboratories, California USA, Prof. Dr. Nick
Welschmeyer: Analytics
Deadline for submission of final report; January 2012
Presentation of project results: IMO MEPC session no. 65: April/May 2013
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BSH PROJECT
PROJECT OBJECTIVES
Development and test of a technical system for representative sampling
Evaluation, development and test of adequate analytical methods
concentrating on but not limited to FDA and PAM
SOPs
Execution of training programs
Project website
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TESTING SITE
University of Flensburg
Institute for Nautics and Maritime
Technologies
INMT
Source : GOOGLE Earth
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TESTING SITE
Oceanographical parameters
Salinity range at surface: 9,4 – 15,2 PSU
Temperature range at surface: 8,7 – 15,8°c
Microbiological Parameters
Concentration of E.coli and Enterobacteriaceae :
1,3 x 102 – 3,6 x 104 CFU/100ml
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TESTING SITE
Plankton Diversity
Taxon Level Type Common
Chlorophyta class adult green algae (unicellular)
Ochrophyta phylum adult diatomes
Myzozoa phylum adult dinoflagellates
Ciliophora phylum adult ciliates
Rotifera phylum adult rotifers
Crustacea sub-phylum larvae and adult crabs
Nemertea phylum larvae and adult worms
Echinodermata phylum larvae sea urchins, starfish
Mollusca phylum larvae snails, mussels, octopods
Pisces super-class larvae fish
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Supporting seawater system
Pipe dimension: DN 250
Ballast water filter : 2 filter units, 38µm and 48µm
Sampling: 5 ports
Max. main flow : 350m³ seawater/h
TESTING SITE
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ISOKINETIC SAMPLING PORTS – BOW
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ISOKINETIC SAMPLING PORTS - BOW
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ISOKINETIC SAMPLING PORTS – PITOT PIPE
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SAMPLING PORTS – PITOT PIPE
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SAMPLING
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SAMPLING
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FILTER
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ANALYTIC METHODS
ATP : Adenosin-Tri-Phosphate
FDA : Fluorescence-Di-Acetate
FISH : Fluorescence-in-situ-Hybridisation
PAM : Pulse-Amplified-Modulation
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS
max. pressure : 2,5 bar
max. volume flow : 286,9 m³/h
max. flow velocity : 1,62 m/s
largest volume for one single sample : 17,17 m³
longest, uninterrupted, failure-free run : 16 h
max. admissible flow velocity : 0,5 to 1,0 m/s
Samplingsystem
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PRELIMINARY RESULTS
Method IMO 50 IMO 10-50 IMO bac Status
PAM not
applicable
ready not
applicable
different brands
FDA assess ready assess additional verification,
under development
ATP ready ready ready additional verification
FISH not
applicable
Not
applicable
assess ready : Escherichia coli
under development :
Enterococci
Vibrio cholerae
Analytical Methods
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Assembly of the portable samplingsystem
First on-board trials : September 2012
NEXT STEPS
50µm
module
10µm
module
Bac
module
Further devlopment and verification of the FDA method
Further verification of the ATP method
Further development and verification of the FISH method
Further verification of the representative sampling
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Summary
0
20
40
60
80
100
RepresentativeSampling
Adequate Analytics Ballast Water Analysis Onboard Trials
Summary of Achvievements to Date
Completiton (%)
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EXECUTION OF THE BSH PROJECT
NEXT STEPS
Contracting
Assembly of BWSS finished by end of May
Start of test series by June
Analytical methods March through to August
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