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Geographical Location
Republic of Bulgaria is situated on the
European continent in the eastern part of the
Balkan Peninsula.
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Borders
In the North it borders Romania, in the West bySerbia and the RepublicofMacedonia, in the Southwith Greece and Turkey. In the East of Bulgaria is
the Black Sea. The total length of state border is 2245km.
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Besides the mainland, Bulgaria also has some
small islands in the Black Sea and Danube
River. Its territory is 111 thousand squarekilometers and occupies 22% of the area of the
Balkan Peninsula.
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Relief
The relief of Bulgaria is a mosaic of the plains,valleys, canyons, varying in height and
spreading towards the mountains.
It has a small-medium altitude 472 meters. Thisis due to prevailing forms of relief.
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Unique forms of relief - relief rock formations,
pyramids, gorges, caves and beaches.
Determined to agriculture, transport,
construction of settlements and industrial sites.
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Pyramids inMelnik
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Gorges
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Caves
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Beaches
Pomories beach
Sunny beach
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MineralsThey were formed in the crust through
its geological development. Mineralsare important for the development of
the country. Bulgaria has oil, natural
gas, ore and industrial minerals.
f l l
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Some of minerals in Bulgaria
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ClimateBarrier effect of the Balkan Mountains has a
strong influence on the climate in the country.
In the Bulgaria dominated temperate climatewith cold winters and hot summers.
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Water
Rivers
The country has well-developed river network ofabout 540 rivers. Most rivers pass throughmountainous areas. The longest river is the Iskar,
length 368 km. Other major rivers include theStruma and the Maritsa River.
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LakesIn Bulgaria there are over 400 lakes. As one
third of them in Rila and Pirin. These are smalllakes area and volume. They originate in manyrivers. Representatives of the lakes in Rila are
the Seven Lakes and Pirin - Priest's Lake.
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Flora and fauna The vegetation of Bulgaria
Bulgaria's flora is diverse and very
rich. It includes about 3600 species of higherplants.
Forest vegetation determines the production of
timber, tourism development, pastureLivestock.
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AnimalworldIn our country there are more
than 15 000 animal species.
The insects are numerous. The
vertebrate species are only 700,including 200 species of fish.
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Insects and Birds
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Wild and domestic animals
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Populationof Bulgaria
The population of Bulgaria is constantly
changing. Now it is 7,351,234 people. The main
race of the population is Caucasian.
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Spoken language in
BulgariaBulgaria's official language is Bulgarian. It is
native to 85% of the population, the other
usually speak it as a second language.
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Villages
The settlements in Bulgaria are unique creationsof man. They contain and characterized its
history and culture. The settlements in Bulgaria are two types -
villages and towns. The settlements are about5,300 in number.
The capital of Bulgaria is Sofia. It is located tothe west.
The smallest town in Bulgaria is Melnik.
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Melnik
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Sofia
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Sofia and its attractionsSofia is the capital of
Bulgaria. It is located in
central western Bulgaria.Places to visit: the National
Assembly, National Palace of
Culture, Sofia University andthe cathedral "St. Alexander
Nevsky. "
St. Alexander Nevsky
National Palace ofCulture
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St. Alexander Nevsky
The Cathedral "St. Alexander Nevski " was builtin 1904-1912 in appreciation of the Russian
people for the liberation of Bulgaria from theOttoman rule. It is distinguished by its exquisite
architecture.
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State and administrativeunit
The governmental and administrative structure
of Bulgaria are fundamental and inalienable
principles of its management. The changes that
occur in them are as a result of significant
changes in the political map of the continent
and the world.
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Economy Today our membership in the European Union
is crucial for our economy.
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Tourism
It contributes to human health, enriches people'sknowledge and culture.
spraying in Djendem (Stara Planina)
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Some places in Bulgaria
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Belogradchik RocksBelogradchik Rocks are located
in northwestern Bulgaria to
Belogradchik. They are beautiful
rock formations resemblingpeople, animals and castles.
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Cave Ledenika
Ledenika Cave is located in theBalkan Mountains. In winter, itsformed stalactites, stalagmites and
stalactones froze. The cave hasmany chambers. It is one of the mostbeautiful caves in Bulgaria.
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Lakes in RilaThe Seven Rila Lakes are glacial formations,
they are in a National Park "Rila". They are
splendid. The biggest one is Twin.
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Rila Monastery It was founded in X century by Ivan Rilski and
is located in Rila. The monastery has unique
wall paintings, icons, carvings and manuscripts.
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TsarevetsTsarevets is a hill in Veliko
Tarnovo. On the hill are
situated the royal palaceand a single architectural
ensemble. It is surrounded
by a wall with towers andloopholes, and a drawbridge
entrance.
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History of Bulgaria
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In 681 resulting from the
merger of seven proto Slavonic
tribes Asparoukh created
Bulgarian state and Pliska to
announce its first capital.Khan Krum issued the first
written laws.
Khan Omurtag assumed
construction and reform
activity.
the remains of Pliska
Khan Krum
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In 864 Boris I converted the
Bulgarians to Christians,and in 870 established the
first Bulgarian church. It
welcomed the students ofCyril and Methodius to
contribute for the
development of theBulgarian Christian
literature.
Boris I
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Cyril and Methodius
created the Cyrillic
alphabet in 863. In this
case, and a translation of
the church books from
Greek into Old-Bulgarian
language they start theBulgarian alphabet.
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In Bulgaria Tsar Simeon reaches the largest
territory in the Bulgarian history. Itsmanagement is "golden age" of Bulgarian
literature.
Tsar Samuil proclaimed Ohrid as capital of theBulgarian kingdom.
Ohrid
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In 1018 Bulgaria fell under Byzantine rule.
In 1187 Byzantium officially recognizes theSecond Bulgarian Kingdom. Turnovo became
the capital.
Turnovo
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In 1764 Paisii Hilendarski ends "Slav-Bulgarian History". In it he describes the past ofthe Bulgarian people, glorious military victories
and the images of rulers.
Paisii Hilendarski
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Doctor Petar Beroncreates encyclopedia
Fish alphabet book ".
It includes history,geography, zoology
and physics.
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Zachary Zograf ranks
among the biggestnames in Bulgarian art.
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Georgi Rakovski released
his first revolutionary
newspaper The Danube
Swan. He formed the
First Bulgarian Legion
of 600 people in
Belgrade. Rakovski
creates the first
Bulgarian tricolor flag.
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Karavelov is one of the founders of the
Bulgarian literature. His poem is "LIFE ISMINE."
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Vasil Ivanov Kunchev -Levski enrolled the
Rakovski Legion in 1862.
He is a member ofBulgarian Revolutionary
Central Committee. He is
an apostle of freedom.
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Hristo Botev is an active
follower of the ideas of
Levski and a member of
Bulgarian Revolutionary
Central Committee.George Benkovskigets Blood
letter" of Kableshkov. Then he
declared the uprising in
Panagyurishte. He died for the
liberation of Bulgaria.
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April UprisingOn April 20, 1876 April
Uprising broke out - the
first large-scale and
Organized attempt forliberation from Ottoman domination.
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Russo-Turkish War On 24 April 1877 the emperor Alexander II
declared war on Turkey. On July 27 the Russian
troops passed the Danube near Svishtov.
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From 5 to 14 August 1877 at Shipka, there werefierce battles for the liberation of Bulgaria from
the Ottoman rule. Russian soldiers and Bulgarian
volunteers defended the summit.
Volunteers at Shipka
lk W
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Balkan War Bulgaria participated in the Balkan War (1912),
together with Serbia and Greece fighting freedom
of Thrace and Macedonia. Bulgaria won that
war, but subsequent war (1913) was defeated byRomania.
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In 1946 Bulgaria was proclaimed a Republic.
Bulgaria - Republic
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Bulgaria became a
member of the
European Union and
NATO.
From January 1, 2007,
after fulfilling the
membership criteria,
Bulgaria became a full
member of the
European Union.
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Textbook in Geography and Economics 10 class,
ProsvetaEncyclopedia for Children - Great Bulgaria
Encyclopedia for Children - My Bulgaria
ImagesGoogle
Sources:
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Ani PavlovaNashata mila rodna strana)
(Emil DimitrovMoya strana)
(Mariya Neikova - Wyrwyat li dvama)
(Emil DimitrovAko si dal)
(Pasha HristovaEdna bylgarska roza)
Music:
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By: