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The Dutch smoking ban inperspective:

Proposal for an international comparative study of smoking

bans in bars and restaurants

Willem Bantema (PhD) University of Groningen

wbantema@gmail.com

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Compliance & non-compliance in European bars

0

10

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60

70

80

90

100

The Netherlands Italy Engeland Norway

59

88

98 97

41

12

2 3

Compliance

Non-compliance

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Background

- Compliance motivations of Dutch bar owners

- Effectiveness of smoking bans

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A comparison of smoking bans

Why?

What?

How?

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Components of the comparison

Law in the books

Law in context

Law in action

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Law in the books (1)

Smoking rooms or not?

Exceptions in the law?

Enforcement

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Law in the books (2)

Who is fined?

Stage of self-regulation or not?

Country Owner Smoker

The Netherlands 600-4800 euro X

England Max. 3150 euro Max. 60 euro

Ireland Max. 3000 euro Max. 3000 euro

France 135 euro 65 euro

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Law in action (1)

Country Bars Restaurants

Ireland 6 4

UK 10 9

Sweden 12 10

Italy 13 10

France 21 12

Germany 49 17

Belgium 79 20

Hungary * 79 42

The Netherlands 87 75

Eurobarometer (2009) smoking at last visit

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Law in action (2)

0

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20

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60

70

80

90

v 2008 w 2008 v 2009 z 2009 n 2009 w 2009 v 2010 z 2010 n 2010 w2010 v 2011 n 2011 v 2012 n 2012 v2013 n 2013 v2014

Percentage compliance with the smoking ban in bars (no smoke))

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Law in context (1)

Country Bars Restaurants

Italy 94 95

Sweden 83 87

Ireland 80 85

UK 73 86

France 67 82

Hungary * 62 82

Belgium 54 82

Germany 45 68

The Netherlands 44 66

Eurobarometer (2008) Support for smoking bans

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Law in context (2)

How the exception of the smoking ban turns outin practice (example)

The 70 squared metres rule doesnt solve theproblems. For example my neighbours bar issmaller than 70 squared meters and they are

allowed to smoke, while we are not. There is

totally no logic in this. I know there is 70centilitre in a bottle of wine, but why 70 squared

metres instead of 100, 120 or 200?

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Law in context (3)

Only fines for bar owners, how does it turn

out in practice (example)

I think its awful that bar owners are fined for

violating the smoking ban! That would be the

same as fining the railway company when I

smoke on a train. Its an inequality I experience

as truly unpleasant

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=oEnQ0MKD8iJBOM&tbnid=qU7OZvDqB8mRCM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://frontpage.fok.nl/nieuws/archief/2009/6/20&ei=g9X9U7WXNenF0QXCmIGwCg&bvm=bv.74035653,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEeO_FMq13Dbz-7MlFCFoopq2OCaQ&ust=1409230593205111

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Law in context(4)

http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=oEnQ0MKD8iJBOM&tbnid=qU7OZvDqB8mRCM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://frontpage.fok.nl/nieuws/archief/2009/6/20&ei=g9X9U7WXNenF0QXCmIGwCg&bvm=bv.74035653,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEeO_FMq13Dbz-7MlFCFoopq2OCaQ&ust=1409230593205111http://www.google.nl/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&docid=oEnQ0MKD8iJBOM&tbnid=qU7OZvDqB8mRCM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://frontpage.fok.nl/nieuws/archief/2009/6/20&ei=g9X9U7WXNenF0QXCmIGwCg&bvm=bv.74035653,d.d2k&psig=AFQjCNEeO_FMq13Dbz-7MlFCFoopq2OCaQ&ust=1409230593205111

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Law in context (5)

Enforcement activities (first 3 months)

Country Bars Restaurants

The Netherlands 750 2506

Ireland 4800 2291

Scotland 6291 3142

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Law in context (6)

Most of the bar owners are not particularly

clever, but what they do know is when civil

servants go home. Then they think, the civil

servant is sleeping, now I can put the astray

back on table and this happens especially

after midnight

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Law in context (7)

Motives surrounding self-regulation

Close or vast political majority

How much smokers / Importance of health

Other tobacco regulation

Pub culture/smoking culture?

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Summary of ideas

International comparison of smoking bans in bars

and restaurants.

Based on 3 components

Based on all data sources / all possible countries

Based on existing material (retrospective)

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Difficulties

Language

Difficulties with finding data

Organizational problems

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