PRESENTATION ON COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)

Ministry of Disaster Management & Relief (MoDMR), Bangladesh

SESSION 1 PRESENTATION ON CBDM/CBDRM

Mohammad Abdul Qayyum National Project Director, CDMP II & Additional Secretary, MoDMR, Bangladesh Email: [email protected] September 25, 2014



CONTENT SLIDE #

BACKGROUND HISTORY OF CBDM 03

HISTORICAL LEGACY OF CBDM IN BANGLADESH 04-05

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS 06

DISASTER MANAGEMENT COMMITTEES 07

COMMON HAZARDS AND DISASTERS 08

EVOLUTION OF CBDM ORGANIZED INITIATIVES IN BANGLADESH 09

EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICES 10

COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT 11

EXAMPLE 01/ CDMP MODEL /BOTTOM UP APPROACH (CRA) 12

CDMP MODELS AND ACHIEVEMENTS 13-15

EXAMPLE 02/ URBAN VOLUNTEERS 16-17

EXAMPLE 03/ CYCLONE PREPAREDNESS PROGRAMME 18-24

COMPONENTS OF CBDM IN BANGLADESH 25

COMMUNITY BASED DISASTER MANAGEMENT APPROACH: OPPORTUNITY 26

LINK WITH POLICY AND PLANS 27

CHALLENGES 28

CONTENTS



The Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake of 1995 hit the city of Kobe and other parts of Hyogo prefecture in Japan causing 6,434 lives and properties.

Statistic shows that 85% of the people were either self-evacuated or were rescued by their neighbors.

This indicated the importance of the local community immediately after the disaster.

Therefore, United Nations Centre for Regional Development- (UNCRD) promotes Community Based Disaster Management (CBDM) as one of the key lessons learnt from the Hanshin Awaji Great Earthquake

BACKGROUND HISTORY OF CBDM



Community based Life in Bangladesh (Urban and Rural) Panchayet in rural area is the ancient institution to provide community

initiatives; and

Mohalla (Headed by a Sarder) to provide initiatives in the Urban community.

In which the decision making was in a consultative way

Commonalities among the Bangladeshi people Language

Religious

Culture

Food and Dress, and the

Hazardous events

HISTORICAL LEGACY OF CBDM



Social cohesiveness

* the pillar of resilience and Disaster Management

* relation with each other/ help each other

* joint family

Social capital

Common water supply system-(Reserve Tanks only for Drinking water),

Joint tree plantation-Banyan trees and other similar species which grow bigger are planted by the roadside. Serves both as shelter during drought season and work as wind breaker during storm.

Social association (club, cultural and social organization, sports etc.)

Festival-participation irrespective of religion and social status,

Property donation/ charity (waqf, property of Gods for social benefit)

Health-(Dispensary), Education (Moktab)

HISTORICAL LEGACY OF CBDM



Role of NGOs * Group Formation

* Microcredit

* Awareness

* Rights based approach

* Access to public resources

* Women empowerment

-Access to education,

-Access to resources,

-Access to decision making

Local Government system,

Committee system-Disaster Management Committees down to Union level, with the members from both elected and non-elected community people.

CONTRIBUTING FACTORS



DM COMMITTEES

National Disaster Management Council (NDMC)

Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief (MoDMR)

National Disaster Management Advisory Committee (NDMAC)

National Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (NPDRR)

Inter Ministerial Disaster Management Coordination Committee (IMDMCC)

Department of Disaster Management (DDM)

Earthquake Preparedness and Awareness

CPP Implementation Board (CPPIB)

District DM Committee (DDMC)

Zone/Upazila Upazila DM Committee

(UzDMC)

Union Union DM Committee (UzDMC)

Municipal DM Committee (MDMC)

NGOCC

DMTATF

CSDDWS

FPOCG

City Corporation DM Committee (CCDMC)



COMMON HAZARDS AND DISASTERS

Hazard is localized and common to all in the community

Safety for all,

Voluntarism

Example:

-Watching round the clock (Asta Prohory) and keeping people alert,

-Small water management structures/dikes to save crops,

-Village fund for any emergency

-Garbage management in urban areas

-Community Policing



1980s-1990s

CARE brought the idea of PRA in late 1980s

PRA was accepted by leading INGOs & NGOs

Oxfam introduced CBDM in 1990s based on PRA

GoB included CBDM in the SOD and draft Policy

2000s

CBDM is acknowledged in the HFA with the notion of DRR

GoB adopted CBDRR as one of the key strategies

CDMP formed to implement and promote CBDRR

IFRC started CBDM in the name of Vulnerability Capacity Assessment (VCA)

ActionAid Bangladesh started CBDM in the name of Participatory Vulnerability Analysis (PVA)

EVOLUTION OF CBDM INITIATIVES



EXAMPLES OF BEST PRACTICES Comprehensive Disaster Management Programme (CDMP II)-

Promotes bottom up approach

Urban Volunteers -Promotes volunteerism in Urban areas

Cyclone Preparedness Programme (CPP)- Promotes volunteerism in rural areas



COMMUNITY BASED DM

Risk Reduction

Interventions

Preparedness and mitigation

Response

Recovery/rehabilitation

Risk assessment

CRA

FTRA

RRAP



Identifying, prioritizing, and selecting the most vulnerable community

Rapport Building and social capital

Community Risk Assessment

Risk Reduction Action Planning with local government and CBOs

Coordination, resource mobilization

Community managed implementation

LDRRF

Technical Committee

Approval Committee

Technical support and oversight

CBDM PROCESS



CDMP Model: Example: Community Risk Assessment a bottom up approach.

CDMP MODELS AND ACIEVEMENTS



Example of CDMP Model

Identified DRR interventions through CRA are implemented by the

Project Implementation Committee (A committee of the local community) and Supervised by UDMC/Municipalities.

CDMP MODELS AND ACIEVEMENTS



Due to climate change and unplanned urbanization both natural and human induced hazards become frequent.

Based on the CPP experience Government of Bangladesh decided to form Urban Volunteers from 2010.

A total target of 60,000 volunteers will be selected and trained.

Out of 60,000 CDMP will recruit 30,000 and provide training through FSCD; out of which 26,465 are already recruited, trained and provided with necessary rescue tools.

Their contribution as rescuer during Rana Plaza tragedy was commendable

Example-02

URBAN VOLUNTEERS



The Urban Volunteers are ward based They are 200 volunteers are in each ward They receive 03 days basic training on i) Search & Rescue

ii) First Aid and

iii) Fire safety

Facilitated by Bangladesh Fire Services and Civil Defense

URBAN VOLUNTEERS



Unit-3300

Example 03: CPP Present Structure of CPP-: Officers & Staffs : 203, Total Volunteer : 49500,

Male :33000, Female :16500, Unit : 3300, Union : 321, Upazila : 37, Zone : 07

CPP Head Office Dhaka

Zonal office, District level , No-07

Upazila Office, Upazila Level, No-37

Union Office, Union Level, No-321

2-sq.-km,

2-3 Thousand

People

Village / Ward

Unit Committee-15

Warning Group-3

Shelter Group-3

Rescue Group-3

First aid Group-3

Relief Group-3

Warning Volunteer (M) Addi. Warning Volunteer (M) Addi. Warning Volunteer (F)

Shelter Volunteer (M) Addi. Shelter Volunteer (M) Addi. Shelter Volunteer (F)

Rescue Volunteer (M) Addi. Rescue Volunteer (M)

Addi. Rescue Volunteer (F)

First aid Volunteer (M) Addi. First aid Volunteer (M) Addi. First aid Volunteer (F)

Relief Volunteer (M) Addi. Relief Volunteer (M) Addi. Relief Volunteer (F)



History of Cyclone Preparedness Program(CPP)

Established after the severe cyclone in 1970 by the then League of Red Cross & Red Crescent Society With the request of UN general assembly.

League of Red Cross & Red Crescent Society handed over CPP to the Government of Bangladesh in 1973.

Now run by Government of Bangladesh and Red Crescent Society



Signal Dissemination

1. Information from Metrological Dept. to National Level and various Agencies, especially to MoDMR and CPP

CPP HQ

SWC (MET. DEPT.)

COMMUNITY

UNION

UNIT

UPAZILA A A A A A A A

B B B B B B B B B

C C C C C C C C C C C C C

D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D D

V.H.F TEL LV.

DIRECT CONTACT

T. RADIO MEGAPHONE SIREN P.A. SYSTEM



Signal No 1 to 3 A. Man to man ( Oral)

B. Hoisting 1 Signal Flag

SIGNAL NO 1 - 3

Activities from depression form



SIGNAL NO 4 - 7

Activities from depression form.

Signal No 4 to 7 A. Published by Mike, Megaphone

B. Hoisting 2 Signal Flags



CPP VOLUNTEERS ARE IN ACTION

Community are in action after receive the early warning



.

CPP volunteers form a unit with 15 members

They have different responsibilities

* Search and Rescue

* First Aid

* Relief

They receive 03 days basic training and refresher training per year

CPP UNITS, TYPES OF RESPONSIBILITIES & NUMBER OF VOULNTEERS



The most common elements of community involvement are-

partnership,

participation,

empowerment

ownership by the local people,

Management by local people,

Public sectors support.

COMPONENTS OF CBDM IN BANGLADESH



CBDM approach provides opportunities for the local

to evaluate their own situation based on their own experiences.

local community not only becomes part of creating plans and decisions but also becomes a major player in its implementation.

CBDM does not ignore the importance of scientific and risk assessment and planning.

Community Based Disaster Management Approach: Opportunity



DM Act 2012 recognizes peoples rights to protection , and the states institutions and officials as the duty / responsibility bearer

Standing Order on Disasters (SOD) and National Plan on Disaster Management (NPDM) stipulate CBDM (CRA/RRAPs) to be the basis for local DM planning

Sixth National 5-Year Development Plan includes DRR & CCA with recognition of CBDM

CBDM (CRA/RRAP) Guidebook is going to be merged with local level risk reduction planning process

Draft DM Policy calls for protecting lives and properties through

Community involvement Local government leadership Preparedness to be based on self-reliance Non-structural is equally important to Structural interventions Addressing urban hazards Urban Planning-(DAP)

Link with Policy and Plans



Emerging social dynamics

Wider political involvement at local level,

Rural-Urban migration (Leadership, Social activists/ workers)

Un-planned urbanization

Centralized administrative structures

System of resource allocation

Planning process

NGOs and Donors wider engagement

Urban governance

Coordinating among different agencies

Community building in urban settings

CHALLENGES



THANK YOU

For more information contact:


United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)

Disaster Management & Relief Bhaban (6th Floor)

92-93 Mohakhali C/A, Dhaka-1212, Bangladesh

Tel: (+88 02) 989 0937, 882 1255 Website: www.cdmp.org.bd

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