Date post: | 20-Aug-2015 |
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Definition Of Motivation
Motivation:
The act or process of stimulating to action,
providing an incentive or motive, especially for an
act.
Motivation:
The word motivation has been derived from the word ‘motive’ which means any idea, need or emotion that prompts man into action. The core of management –by Rensis Likert.Motivation is important function which every manger performs for actuating the people to work for accomplishment of objectives of the organization.Higher motivation leads to job satisfaction of the workers which can reduce absenteeism, turnover, and labour unrest.Motivation will foster team spirit among the workers and increase their loyalty to the work group.
Significance of motivationWorkers will tend to be efficient
as possible by improving upon their
skills and knowledge.The rate of labour turnover and
absenteeism among the workers
will be low.There will be good human relations
in organization.The number of complaints and
grievances will come down.There will be increase in quantity
and quality of products.
Motivational cycle
Instrumental
Goal
Relie
fNeed, Drive
Needs, Incentives and MotivesNeed tension search behaviour performance reward
need satisfaction
The need has to be activated which is the function of incentives.Incentives is something which tends to incite towards some goal.A need mean some internal state that makes certain outcomes attractive.Incentives means an outward stimuli for the motive to work.when a motive is present in a person, it becomes active when there is some incentives.
Theories of Motivation
Needs theories• Maslow’s hierarchy
of needs• Herzberg’s two
factor theory
Process theories• Expectancy Theory
• Goal Setting Theory
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
Self -
Actualization
Esteem needs
Belongingness & love needs
Safety needs
Physiological needs:
Physiological needsHunger, thirst etc.,
Safety needsTo feel secure & safe, out of danger
Belongingness & love needsAffiliate with others, be accepted & belong
Esteem needsTo achieve, be component, gain approval and
belongSelf-actualization needs
Self fulfillment & realize one’s potential
Self
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
If we fulfill our needs at one level, then we can focus on satisfying the need on the next higher
level
Dissatisfactionand
demotivation
Not dissatisfiedbut
not motivated
Positivesatisfaction
and motivation
Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory
Hygiene Factors Motivational Factors
•Company policies
•Quality of supervision
•Relations with others
•Personal life
•Rate of pay
•Job security
•Working conditions
•Achievement
•Career advancement
•Personal growth
•Job interest
•Recognition
•Responsibility
Contrasting Views of Satisfaction and Dissatisfaction
Satisfaction Dissatisfaction
Traditional view
Satisfaction No satisfaction
Herzberg's view
No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
Hygiene Factors
Motivators
Needs Theories
Maslow Herzberg
Hygiene
Motivators
Factors
Social
Safety
Physiological
Self-Actualisation
Esteem
Maslow Model Vs Herzberg Model
Basis Maslow Herzberg
Hierarchy of needs
Sequential arrangement
No hierarchical arrangement
Nature Prescriptive model
Descriptive model
Central theme Unsatisfied need energize behaviour, cause performance
Gratified need causes performance
Motivational factor
Unsatisfied need-motivator
Higher order needs-motivator
Applicability 1.Takes a general view of the motivational problem of all the workers2.Lower level
1.Takes a micro view & deals with work motivational oriented problems .2.Higher level
Expectancy Theory(Vroom)
3. Rewards-Personal goals relationship = Valence
1. Effort-Performance relationship = Expectancy
2. Performance-Rewards relationship = Instrumentality
IndividualEffort
IndividualPerformance
PersonalGoals
OrganisationalRewards
1 2
3
How Expectancy Theory Works
Expectancy
Effort - Performance Link
E=0
No matter how much effort
you put in, probably not possible
to memorise the text in 24 hours
Instrumentality
Performance - Rewards Link
I=0
Your tutor does not look
like someone who has £1 million
Valence
Rewards - Personal Goals Link
V=1
There are a lot of wonderful things
you could do with £1 million
Your tutor offers you £1 million if you memorise the textbook by tomorrow morning.
Conclusion: Though you value the reward, you will not be motivated to do this task.
Motivation
Direction
PersistenceIntensity
Self motivation
• Do it now• Break up the task into small steps• Don’t wait for mood or inspiration• Start action• Solutions will follow if you try
Motivational strategies
Find new skills Develop & train them Get feedback on their performance Expand their ability to work Rotate their work
Motivational techniquesLeads them
Real examples are quicker than advice
Way to influencing people
Appeal to benefitsCan motivate
Mutual benefits to both of you
Appeal to emotionsPeople act quickly to emotions
Positive manner
Sustained by repeated inputs
Appeal to needs & wantsbasic needs satisfaction
Creative expression, recognition & challenges & love
Appeal to expertiseAbilities enhance his self-worth
Put best effort to seek approval
Begin with the end in mindWhat are your talents?
What is your ultimate career goal?
What can you achieve in 2 years?
What are your personal goals?
Thank you By:-Tanu Jaswal