1
PRESENTATION
ON
“OPEN ACCESS – ELECTRICITY ACT 2003”
TO THE OFFICERS OF
KARNATAKA ELECTRICITY BOARD
On
POWER ENGINEERS’ DAY
23RD January, 2005
by
V.K. Agrawal
SRLDC, Bangalore
2
PRESENTATION OVERVIEW
GRID OPERATION – AN OVERVIEW
ELECTRICITY ACT 2003 – STIPULATIONS ON OPEN ACCESS
OPEN ACCESS – REGULATIONS BY CERC
SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – EXPERIENCE SO FAR
SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – CASE STUDIES
SHORT TERM OPEN ACCESS – TYPICAL ISSUES
OPEN ACCESS – CHALLENGES AND TASKS AHEAD
5
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INSTALLED CAPACITY
NORTHERN :- 31,230 MW
EASTERN :- 17,697 MW
SOUTHERN :- 31,931 MW
WESTERN :- 32,354 MW
NORTH-EASTERN :- 2,357 MW
TOTAL 115,569 MW
REGIONAL GRIDS
6
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS1
2
3
SAME FREQUENCY FROM GUJARAT TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH WITH EFFECT FROM MARCH 2003
ABOUT 2800 KMS! APART
7
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
EASTERN REGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
‘ELECTRICAL’
REGIONS
1
2
WITH THE COMMISSIONING OF THE TALA PROJECT CONNECTING THE EASTERN AND NORTHERN GRIDS, INDIA WILL HAVE ONLY TWO GRIDS
8
Growth of installed capacity Growth of installed capacity for electricity in Indiafor electricity in India
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
1990
-91
1991
-92
1992
-93
1993
-94
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
in MW
9
Sourcewise Sourcewise composition of composition of
installed capacity in installed capacity in IndiaIndia
((1,15,569 in 2004)1,15,569 in 2004)2.40% 1.70% 26%
70%
HydroThermalNuclearWind
10
SOUTHERN REGION – GEOGRAPHY
ANDHRA PRADESH
TAMIL NADU
KARNATAKA
KE
RA
LA
POPULATION :- 22.5 CRORES ( 22% OF INDIA)
AREA :- 651 (‘000 SQ KM)(19% OF INDIA)
INSTALLED CAPACITY:- 31,931 MW(27.6%)
WEATHER :- South-west monsoon
North-east monsoon
SEA COAST :- AROUND 4000 KM
11
GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
1947
5
1983
0
2030
4
2129
8
2213
3
2298
3
2417
3 2616
3 2850
1
2952
6
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
24000
26000
28000
30000
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
YEARS --->
IN MW
12
INSTALLED CAPACITY IN SR
STATES HYDRO THERMAL NUCLEARDIESEL/
GAS WIND OTHERS TOTAL %
AP 3586 2993 272 2 6853 21%
KAR 3166 1470 128 5 4769 15%
KER 1808 235 2043 6%
TN 1996 3570 423 19 6008 19%
C.S 6990 830 360 8180 26%
IPP 229 794 0 2432 245 377 4078 13%
TOTAL 10785 15817 830 3851 271 377 31931
% 34% 50% 3% 12% 1% 1%
The above capacity does not includes
--- About 1344 MW of Wind Mill Capacity in Tamil Nadu.
--- Micro and Captive plants in different states.
13
15817 (50%)
10785 (34%)377 (1%)
830 (3%)271 (0.8%)
3851 (12%)
HYDRO THERMAL GAS WIND NUCLEAR OTHERS
SOURCE-WISE INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR IN MW
31,931 MW
HYDRO
THERMAL
WIND
NUCLEAR OTHERS
GAS
GENERATING UNITS IN SOUTHERN REGION
A.PKAR
TNKERGENERATORS ABOVE 1000 MW
GENERATORS 500 – 1000 MW
GENERATORS BELOW 500 MW
TYPICAL
GENERATOR
SPREAD
IN SR
UNIT CAPACITY AP KAR KER TN CGS TOTAL
THERMAL (500 MW) 2 7 9
THERMAL
(200-250 MW)10 7 13 15 45
GAS/THERMAL
(100-150 MW)9 2 3 10 24
HYDRO
(>50 MW)27 27 16 15 85
TOTAL 48 36 19 38 163
- HYDRO
- THERMAL
- GAS / NAPTHA
- NUCLEAR
16
13000
14000
15000
16000
17000
18000
19000
20000
21000
22000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
TIME IN HRS --->
DE
MA
ND
IN
MW
---
>
MONSOON SUMMER WINTER
TYPICAL LOAD CURVE OF SR
WINTER
MONSOON
SUMMER
EVENING PEAK
WEATHER
RESERVOIR CONSUMPTION
18
GRID OPERATION – TYPICAL ISSUES IN PAST
• LOW / HIGH FREQUENCY PROBLEMS
– FREQUENCY EXCURSES TO LOW/HIGH VALUES
• LOW / HIGH VOLTAGE OPERATION
– CRITICALLY LOW VOLTAGES AT LOAD CENTRES
– SUBSTANTIALLY HIGH VOLTAGES AT FAR ENDS
• SYSTEM BROWNOUTS / BLACK OUTS
– SEPERATION OF SYSTEMS / LOSS OF LOAD
• ECONOMIC IN-STABILITY / INCREASED ELECTRICAL LOSSES– UNRELIABLE / INEFFICIENT OPERATION OF EQUIPMENT
20
GRID OPERATION – PRESENT STATUS
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
IMPROVED VOLTAGES
MERIT ORDER OPERATION
INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
IMPROVED GRID SECURITY
JAN - 02 JAN - 03 Vol
22
GRID PRESENT STATUS -- CARDINAL EVENTS
• AVAILABILITY BASED TARIFF
• UNIFIED LOAD DESPATCH SCHEME
• GENERATION ADDITION
• INTERREGIONAL AC / HVDC LINKS
• OPERATIONAL EXELLANCE
SCHD DRWL
UI
25
GRID OPERATION:GRID OPERATION: A TIGHT ROPE WALK A TIGHT ROPE WALK
BLACK-OUTVOLTAGE
COLLAPSE IN-ECONOMIC
OPERATION
INSTABILITYPOWER
SWINGSINCREASED
LOSSES
26
STABILISED SYSTEM FREQUENCY
• TYPICAL FREQUENCY CURVE
• SCATTER DIAGRAM
• HISTOGRAM OF FREQUENCY
• FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE
• Df/dT CURVE
• RECORD FVI OF 0.04
27
47.50
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
25 26 27 28 29 30 31
DAYS ----->
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y IN
HZ
---
->FREQUENCY PROFILE
2002, 2003 & 2004
28
FREQUENCY DURATION CURVE AUG TO OCT 04, 03 & 02
47.50
48.00
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
1 1117 2233 3349 4465 5581 6697 7813 8929 10045 11161 12277 13393 14509 15625 16741 17857 18973 20089 21205
% OF TIME --->
FR
EQ
UE
NC
Y IN
HZ
---
>
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
2004
2003
<49.049.0 & <49.5
49.5 & <50.5
50.5 & Above
Max Min Avg FVI St. Dev
2004 0.03 1.46 98.28 0.23 50.82 48.62 49.95 0.31 0.12
2003 0.17 8.32 90.66 0.85 50.85 48.60 49.81 0.95 0.18
2002 73.62 12.45 12.84 1.09 51.08 47.69 48.63 23.59 0.44
2002
30
VARIABLE COST(Ps) OF POWER STATION IN SR AS ON JUNE 2004
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000P
ON
DY
PC
L (3
2.5
MW
)(19
.61
PS
)
NE
YV
ELI
-II S
TG
1 *
*(63
0 M
W)(
67.9
9 P
S)
KO
VIL
KA
LAP
PA
L *(
105
MW
)(68
PS
)
JEG
UR
UP
AD
U (
GA
S)(
216
MW
)(82
PS
)
SP
EC
TR
UM
(G
AS
)(20
8 M
W)(
83 P
S)
VIJ
JES
WA
RA
M -
I(10
0 M
W)(
84 P
S)
VIJ
JES
WA
RA
M -
II(17
2.5
MW
)(86
PS
)
B S
E S
(A
P)(
GA
S)(
140
MW
)(87
PS
)
RE
INS
CA
LCIN
ING
LT
D.(
41 M
W)(
90 P
S)
RA
MA
GU
ND
AM
(210
0 M
W)(
90 P
S)
LAN
CO
(350
MW
)(91
.48
PS
)
NE
YV
ELI
-II S
TG
-II *
*(84
0 M
W)(
94.6
1 P
S)
SIM
HA
DR
I(10
00 M
W)(
96 P
S)
RA
MA
GU
ND
AM
-B(6
2.5
MW
)(96
PS
)
VIJ
AY
AW
AD
A T
.P.S
.-1&
2(10
50 M
W)(
101
PS
)
VIJ
AY
AW
AD
A T
.P.S
.-3(
210
MW
)(10
1 P
S)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(B)(
210
MW
)(10
8 P
S)
RA
ICH
UR
.T.P
S. *
*(12
60 M
W)(
110
PS
)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(A)(
240
MW
)(11
0 P
S)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(C)(
220
MW
)(12
3.1
PS
)
KO
TH
AG
UD
EM
(D)(
500
MW
)(12
4 P
S)
RA
YA
LAS
EE
MA
TP
P(4
20 M
W)(
126
PS
)
NO
RT
H M
AD
RA
S.T
.P.S
(630
MW
)(13
0.98
PS
)
TU
TU
CO
RIN
.T.P
.S(1
050
MW
)(13
3.5
PS
)
ME
TT
UR
.T.P
.S(8
40 M
W)(
150
PS
)
V S
P *
(120
MW
)(16
9.11
PS
)
ST
-CM
S(2
50 M
W)(
171
PS
)
NE
YV
ELI
-I(6
00 M
W)(
185.
86 P
S)
EN
NO
RE
.T.P
.S(4
50 M
W)(
190.
2 P
S)
L V
S(3
7.8
MW
)(20
0 P
S)
YE
LEH
AN
KA
DE
ISE
L(12
7.92
MW
)(20
3.36
PS
)
NA
VB
HA
RA
T(3
5 M
W)(
205
PS
)
BR
AH
MA
PU
AM
D P
P(1
06.5
MW
)(21
4 P
S)
NE
LLO
RE
(30
MW
)(22
5 P
S)
B S
E S
(K
ER
ALA
)(16
5.5
MW
)(22
5 P
S)
TH
AN
NE
ER
BA
VI(
235
MW
)(22
8 P
S)
JIN
DA
L(26
0 M
W)(
247
PS
)
BA
LAJI
(SA
MA
YA
NA
LLU
R)(
105
MW
)(24
7 P
S)
KO
ZH
IKO
DE
DP
P(1
28.8
MW
)(25
0 P
S)
GM
R V
AS
AV
I(19
6 M
W)(
254
PS
)
SA
MA
LPA
TT
Y IP
P(1
05 M
W)(
263
PS
)
TA
TA
DE
ISE
L(81
.3 M
W)(
280
PS
)
KA
YA
MK
ULA
M N
TP
C(3
50 M
W)(
290
PS
)
KA
SA
RG
OD
P C
L(2
1 M
W)(
300
PS
)
RA
YA
LAS
EE
MA
(37.
8 M
W)(
330
PS
)
PP
NA
LLU
R(3
30.5
MW
)(41
5 P
S)
BA
SIN
BR
IDG
E(1
20 M
W)(
468
PS
)
CU
MU
LA
TIV
E IN
ST
AL
LE
D C
AP
AC
ITY
IN M
W
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
VA
RIA
BL
E C
OS
T IN
Ps/
UN
IT
VARIABLE COST
CUMULATIVEINSTALLE
ABOUT 7000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 100 Ps
ABOUT14200 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 200 Ps
ABOUT 16000 MW OF CAPACITY IS BELOW 300 Ps
CUM. INS. CAP.
32
MERIT ORDER : UNITS BOXED UP
POWER STATION STATE CAPACITY(MW) FUELVARIABLE
COST
TATA DIESELKARNATAK
A 79 DIESEL 308
RAYALSEEMA DGPP
KARNATAKA 27 DIESEL 360
YELEHANKA DIESEL
KARNATAKA 128 DIESEL 314
THANRBHAVIKARNATAK
A 220 NAPTHA 325
SUB-TOTAL 454
BRAHAMPURAM DPP KERALA 107 DIESEL 275
BSES KERALA 157 NAPTHA 308
KASARGODE PCL KERALA 22 NAPTHA 298
KAYAMKULAM KERALA 360 NAPTHA 322
SUB-TOTAL 646
BASIN BRIDGETAMIL NADU 120 NAPTHA 584
P.P.NALLURTAMIL NADU 330 NAPTHA 415
SUB-TOTAL 450
TOTAL 1550
34
KADAMPARAI PUMP OPERATION
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
5000:
001:
002:
003:
004:
005:
006:
007:
008:
009:
0010
:00
11:0
012
:00
13:0
014
:00
15:0
016
:00
17:0
018
:00
19:0
020
:00
21:0
022
:00
23:0
00:
00
TIME ---->
IN M
W --
-->
48.50
49.00
49.50
50.00
50.50
51.00
FREQ
UENC
Y IN
HZ
---->
GENERATOR MODE
PUMP PUMP
SAVINGS OF RS 40 LAKHS EVERY DAY
INVESTMENT OF 1600 CRORES SAVED
35
OPPORTUNISTIC UI TRADEEXPORT TO WR ON 13/05/03-14/05/03
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08
49
49.2
49.4
49.6
49.8
50
50.2
50.4
50.6
50.8
51POWER EXPORT TO WR ON
UI BASIS DURING LOAD CRASH
FREQ
36
GENERATION vs FREQUENCY FOR
10
30
50
70
90
08
:21
09
:21
10
:21
11
:21
TIME IN HH:MM ----->
MW
---
-->
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
FR
EQ
IN
HZ
---
-->
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 12-DEC-04
SHARAVATHI -1
FREQ DROP FROM 49.72 HZ TO 49.27 HZ
i.e. ~ 0.45HZ
37
GENERATION vs FREQUENCY FOR
10
30
50
70
90
08
:21
09
:21
10
:21
11
:21
TIME IN HH:MM ----->
MW
---
-->
49.00
49.20
49.40
49.60
49.80
50.00
50.20
50.40
FR
EQ
IN
HZ
---
-->
FREE GOVERNOR MODE OF OPERATION ON 12-DEC-04
SHARAVATHI -4
FREQ DROP FROM 49.72 HZ TO 49.27 HZ
i.e. ~ 0.45HZ
38
OPTIMAL RESERVOIR UTILISATIONSHARAVATHY IN KARNATAKA
THE COST OF GENERATION AT SHARAVATHY IS LESS THAN 20 Ps /UNIT
AVERAGE SELLING UI RATE OF KARNATAKA IS 372 Ps/UNIT
PLANT OPERATORS AT SHARAVATHY THINK OF THE RESERVOIR LEVEL IN RUPEES
RATHER THAN IN FEET!!!
Rs. Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.
Rs.Rs.
39
Growth Of Inter Regional Energy Exchanges
73508230
9730
13000
22500
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
1999-2000 2000-2001 2001-2002 2002-2003 2003-2004
Year
To
tal M
U D
uri
ng
Th
e Y
ear
IR Energy Exchanges
40
MAJOR AND MINOR DISTURBANCES SINCE 1994
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10N
UM
BE
R O
F D
IST
UR
BA
NC
ES
---
----
->
1994
-95
1995
-96
1996
-97
1997
-98
1998
-99
1999
-00
2000
-01
2001
-02
2002
-03
2003
-04
2004
-05
YEAR ->
MAJOR MINOR
NO DISTURBANCES DESPITE LOSING ENTIRE SUPER GENERATING PLANTS LIKE
RAMAGUNDAM,VIJAYAWADA,KOTHAGUDEM, NORTH CHENNAI, SHARAVATHY ETC
41
INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
245
211
147
134
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
RA
TE
( P
AIS
A/K
WH
) -
--->
SR RATE WR RATE SR RATE ER RATE
IMPORT BY SR FROM ERIMPORT BY SR FROM WR(734 MU)(374 MU)
42
INTER REGIONAL EXCHANGES
145
214
293
252
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
RA
TE
( P
AIS
A/K
WH
) -
--->
SR RATE WR RATE SR RATE ER RATE
EXPORT BY SR TO EREXPORT BY SR TO WR(26 MU)(292 MU)
43
INTER-REGIONAL EXCHANGES DETAILS UPTO 105 WKS (Till 26.12.04)
WR ER
Net Energy Transaction
82 MU
IMPORT BY SR
707 MU
IMPORT BY SR
Amount Due to
SR Constituents
Rs. 36.07 Cr. Rs. 2.36 Cr.
Amount Credited TO SR
Constituents
Rs. 36.07 Cr. Rs. 2.36 Cr.
44
AP KAR KER TN PONDY
Total UI exported(-) /
Imported(+) in MUs
-3653 3319 1088 898 -23
Total amount paid in Crores
Rs.-721 596 186 242 0.75
Average rate of UI in paise/unit 197 180 171 270 33
SUMMARY OF UI – 105 WKS(FROM 01/JAN/03 TO 02/JAN/05)
45
UI IN SR (FROM 01/01/03 TO 02/01/05)
• TOTAL UI TURNOVER :- 6394 MU
• TOTAL UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 1245 CR
• AVG WEEKLY TRANSACTION:- 60 MU
• AVG WEEKLY UI AMOUNT DISBURSED:- 12 CR
46
OD UD & UI RATE OF CONSTITUENTS
247
180 177
228198
372
260
148
050
100150200250300350400450
AP KAR KER TN
RA
TE (P
AIS
A/U
NIT
)
OVER DRAWAL (PURCHASED) UNDER DRAWAL (SOLD)
3704 MU
52 MU
6 MU
82MU
459 MU
3325MU
1170MU
1357 MU
Back
47RTU RTU RTU
SUB LDC SUB LDC SUB LDC
SLDC SLDC SLDC
ERLDC
WRLDC NRLDC SRLDC
NERLDC
NLDC
32 Nos.
51 Nos.
1160Nos.
Unified Grid OperationUnified Grid Operation
5 Nos.
NationalLevel
RegionalLevel
State HQLevel
Group / Distt Level
Plant / Sub-Station Level
48
RLDC,Bangalore
KalamasseryHyderabad BangaloreChennai
Cuddapah
Warangal
Vijayawada
Kalam’erry
Kannur
Trivandrum
Chennai
Erode
Madurai
Bangalore
Lingusugur
Hubli
CPCC SCC, Pondy
Hyderabad
Hierarchy of The ULDC Scheme in Southern Region
Andhra Kerala Tamilnadu Karnataka
49
Annual Inter-Regional Energy Transfer
≈10,000MU
Transformation Capacity ≈
45000 MVA
Transformers (220kV and above)
480 nos.
Installed Capacity≈31870 MW
Integrated Opn of Ten Power
Utilities
Dynamic Grid Conditions
Southern Region Grid Complexities in Monitoring & Control
Generators –Hydro, Thermal,Gas/IPP
422 nos.
Transmission Network 400/220kV
≈ 37500 Ckm
40,000 POINTS Active Power, Reactive Power,
Voltage, Frequency, Transformer Tap Position, Circuit Breaker Position,
Isolator Position etc.
50
GROWTH OF INSTALLED CAPACITY OF SR
1947
5
1983
0
2030
4
2129
8
2213
3
2298
3
2417
3 2616
3 2850
1
2952
6
10000
12000
14000
16000
18000
20000
22000
24000
26000
28000
30000
1994-95 1995-96 1996-97 1997-98 1998-99 1999-00 2000-01 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04
YEARS --->
IN MW
51
Kolar
Chintamani
Cudappah
HoodyHosur
Salem
Udumalpet
Madras B’lore
+/- 500 KV DC line 1370 KM
ElectrodeStation
ElectrodeStation
TALCHER
400kv System
220kv system
KOLAR
TALCHER KOLAR TALCHER KOLAR SCHEMATICSCHEMATIC
52
Inter Regional Links
Present IR CapacityPresent IR Capacity= 9,000 MW= 9,000 MW
700 MW700 MW
1200MW1200MW
2000MW2000MW
700 MW700 MW
900 MW900 MW30,500 MW
16,000
32,700 MW
30,500 MW
2300
1850 MW1850 MW
1650 MW1650 MW
53
13450 MW
1000 MW6450 MW
4600 MW
1300 MW3200 MW
30,000 MW OF INTER-REGIONAL POWER BY 2012
EASTERN REGION
SOUTHERN REGION
WESTERNREGION
NORTHERN REGION
NORTH-EASTERN REGION
INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY INTER-REGIONAL TRANSFER BY END OF 11END OF 11thth PLAN (2012) PLAN (2012)
54
RESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISONRESERVOIR LEVEL - COMPARISON
LEVEL IN MTSLEVEL IN MTS LEVELLEVEL31-Dec-0331-Dec-03
LEVELLEVEL31-Dec-0431-Dec-04
JALAPUTJALAPUT837.21837.21 834.94834.94
LINGANMAKKILINGANMAKKI543.84543.84 547.16547.16
SUPASUPA532.42532.42 537.86537.86
IDUKKIIDUKKI713.96713.96 720.27720.27
KAKKIKAKKI967.40967.40 969.29969.29
NILGIRISNILGIRIS
TOTALTOTAL
ENERGYENERGY31-Dec-0331-Dec-03
ENERGYENERGY31-Dec-0431-Dec-04
RISE IN MURISE IN MU % RISE% RISE
484484 390390 - 9494 - 1919
18611861 25302530 669669 3636
945945 12301230 285285 3030
847847 12291229 382382 4545
485485 531531 4646 99
546546 13581358 812812 149149
51685168 72687268 21002100 4141
• Only 6500MUs Reserve till next monsoon (5 Months)
• 43 MUs/day could be generated as against about 63 MUs/day at present.
55
320
330
340
350
360
370
380
390
400
410
42000
:05
01:0
5
02:0
5
03:0
5
04:0
5
05:0
5
06:0
5
07:0
5
08:0
5
09:0
5
10:0
5
11:0
5
12:0
5
13:0
5
14:0
5
15:0
5
16:0
5
17:0
5
18:0
5
19:0
5
20:0
5
21:0
5
22:0
5
23:0
5
TIME IN HRS --->
VO
LT
AG
E IN
KV
---
>
REALITY BITE:
FARMERS IN KARNATAKA ARE HAPPY WITH FEWER HOURS OF QUALITY POWER!!.
EFFICIENCY OF PUMPS AT TG HALLI WATER WORKS IMPROVED!
COMPARISION OF BANGALORE VOLTAGE-TYPICAL DAY
BETTER VOLTAGE PROFILE MEANS LESS ELECTRICAL LOSSES
56
WATER SUPPLY TO BANGALORE
LOW VOLTAGE PROBLEMS AROUND BANGALORE HAMPERED WATER SUPPLY EARLIER
WITH BETTER VOLTAGE NOW, PUMPING EFFICIENCY HAS IMPROVED
400 KV STATION AT MYSORE BEING COMMISSIONED ON WAR FOOTING TO FURTHER FORTIFY THIS PART OF THE GRID
PUMPING LOSSES REDUCED
ENORMOUS SAVINGS TO THE STATE
MOTOR BURNING AND MAINTENANCE COSTS ALSO CAME DOWN DRASTICALLY
57
FREQUENCY CURVE FOR 9th SEPTEMBER 2004FVI = 0.04
Avg Freq = 49.99Hz
48.5
49.0
49.5
50.0
50.5
51.0
00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23
10 * ∑ (F – 50) 2
FVI = -------------------------------
24 * 60
58
Singrauli & Rihand
2555
2530
2491 25
05
2200
2300
2400
2500
2600
2700
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Av
era
ge
MW
Declared Capability Injection Schedule
Unchahar-1 & 2
691
687
599
653
500
550
600
650
700
750
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rag
e M
W
Declared Capability Injection Schedule
Dadri (T)
711
640
619
717
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rag
e M
W
Declared Capability Injection schedule
Anta, Auraiya & Dadri
1478
1336
1330
1636
1100
1200
1300
1400
1500
1600
1700
1800
Pre ABT(Dec 01-Nov 02) Post ABT(Dec 02-Nov 03)
Ave
rag
e M
W
Declared Capabilty Injection Schedule