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Texas Innovative Water 2010
Kevin Morrison, P.G.Project Coordinator / Water Resources
What has SAWS Learned about Concentrate Disposal Options for Inland Facilities in Texas?
October 11, 2010
October 11, 2010
SAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate Disposal
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Presentation Outline
• SAWS Desalination Program
• Disposal Options Screening
• Preferred Disposal Option– Injection Wells
• Lessons Learned
• Future
October 11, 2010
SAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate Disposal
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SAWS Desalination Program
• Production / Monitor Wells
• Reverse Osmosis
• Treatment Plant
• Pipeline System
• Brine Injection Wells
• Electrical System
October 11, 2010
SAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate Disposal
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Concentrate Quality
Parameter Units Avg.pH 7.05TDS mg/L 13,025Alkalinity mg/L as CaCO3 1,090
Arsenic mg/L ---Calcium mg/L 424Magnesium mg/L 255Selenium mg/L ---Sodium mg/L 3,925
Chloride mg/L 2,440 Sulfates mg/L 6,120 Silica (Dis.) mg/L 81
Toray (90% Recovery)
Metals/Cations
Anions
October 11, 2010
SAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate Disposal
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Concentrate Screening
• Traditional Disposal Options
• Beneficial Use Options
• Concentrate Volume Reduction / Zero Liquid Discharge
October 11, 2010
SAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate DisposalSAWS - Concentrate Disposal
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Disposal Options
Surface Water
– Medina River– San Antonio River
• Concerns
– Permitting
– Public Perception
Traditional
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
Surface Water
– Mitchell Lake
• Concerns
– Limited Capacity
– Salinity Impacts
– Audubon Sanctuary
Traditional
Mitchell Lake
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Disposal Options
Discharge to WRC
– Through plant– Combine at outfall
• Concerns
– Biologic process impact
– CPS Energy contract Impact
Traditional
Dos Rios WRC
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Disposal Options
Evaporation Ponds
• Concerns
– Land requirements
– Cost to construct
– Carrizo Outcrop
Traditional
Courtesy: Ile de Re’, France
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
Deep Well Injection
• Concerns
– Permitting
– Depth and cost
– Maintenance
Traditional
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
Oil Field Pressure Maintenance
• Concerns
– Well Field proximity– Volume (1MGD)– Need for project life– Railroad Commission
and TCEQ permits
Beneficial Use
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
Class II Oil Field Disposal Wells
• Concerns
– Currently not legal– Well Field proximity– Construction– Maintenance– Volume
Beneficial Use
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
Dust Control / Deicing
Aquaculture– Shrimp farming– Algae farming
• Concerns– Additional Facilities– Permitting
Beneficial Use
Courtesy: Wikipedia
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
• Thermal Brine Concentrators
• High Efficiency Reverse Osmosis (HERO)
• Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing (VSEP)
Concentrate Volume Reduction
October 11, 2010
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Disposal Options
• VSEP testing under TWDB grant
– Processed concentrate from conventional pilot– Achieved a 50% recovery
• Concerns
–Capital and O&M costs–Chemical cleaning time requirements–Space requirements in the plant
Vibratory Shear Enhanced Processing (VSEP)
October 11, 2010
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Preferred Disposal OptionDeep Well Injection
Formations Considered
– Poth Sand
– Olmos Sand
– Austin Chalk
– Edwards
October 11, 2010
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Lessons Learned
• Start as early as possible
• Understand source water quality
• Contact TCEQ for assistance
• Understand the effects of concentrate on the overall disposal system
Concentrate Disposal
October 11, 2010
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SAWS Future Disposal Work
• Complete Edwards Injection Investigation
– Test existing Class II Injection Well
– Drill new Class I Test Injection Well
– Submit permit application for operation
• Follow technical developments of other disposal alternatives
October 11, 2010
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Long-Range Outlook
• Continue to support use of the General Class I permit for injection of brine from a municipal desalination facility
• Investigate the use of existing Class II Injection Wells for disposal of brine
• Continue to support research and piloting of new concentrate disposal technology
Texas Innovative Water 2010
Kevin Morrison, P.G.Project Coordinator / Water Resources
What has SAWS Learned about Concentrate Disposal Options for Inland Facilities in Texas?
October 11, 2010
