At an ISTR Site, heat accelerates dissolution/desorption but also accelerates biodegradation rates of petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents.
Petroleum ‐ BTEX biodegradation has been shown to triple (3X) from 10 to 20°C and petroleum hydrocarbon biodegradation rates have shown peak degradation rates between 30 and 40°C.
Chlorinated Solvents ‐ Up to approximately 40°C, dechlorination rates are expected to double with every 10°C increase in subsurface temperature. Due to:• Population Growth• Electron Availability (release from organic material)• Metabolic Rates/Degradation Rate
* See Referneces at end of Presentation: 1,2,3,4,5,6,7 & 8
How do we put these themes together?
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1. Bio‐Polishing
2. Low Temperature ISTR– Heat Enhanced Biodegradation
3. ISTR Source + Biodegradation of Diffuse GW Plume
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Bio‐Polishing – Utilizing residual heat energy from completed ISTR to “polish” off source area contamination through enhanced biodegradation.
Low‐Temp Heat Enhanced Bio Application – Deploy an ISTR system with the operational strategy of achieving 30 to 35 ⁰C temperatures throughout subsurface, maximizing biodegradation rates while potentially increasing hydrolysis and free product extraction (if exists).
ISTR Source‐ Heat Enhanced Biodegradation DowngradientGroundwater Plume – Deploy an ISTR system with the operational strategy of achieving 100⁰C temperatures in the source area, and allow warm water to move downgradient to aid in the biodegradation of dissolved phase diffuse plume area.
The post-ISTR heat enhanced biodegradation phase of the project includes a heat enhanced bioremediation and warm groundwater recirculation system to remediate the larger dissolved
phases plume. Kane Environmental will conduct groundwater compliance monitoring quarterly after the remedial efforts are complete.
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2. Friis AK, Heimann AC, Jakobsen R, Albrechtsen HJ, Cox E, Bjerg PL. (2006) Temperature dependence of anaerobic TCE-dechlorination in a highly enriched Dehalococcoides-containing culture. Water Res. 2007 Jan;41(2):355-64. Epub 2006 Nov 28.
3. May H.D., Sowers K.R. (2016) “Dehalobium chlorocoercia” DF-1—from Discovery to Application. In: Adrian L., Löffler F. (eds) Organohalide-RespiringBacteria. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
4. Zeman, Natalie Rae, M.S., (2013)Thermally enhanced bioremediation of LNAPL. COLORADO STATE UN IVERSITY, 139 pages
5. Suthersan, S., Horst, J., Klemmer, M., Malone, D. (2012), Temperature- Activated Auto-Decomposition Reactions: An Underutilized In Situ Remediation Solution. Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation Vol. 32 No. 3 p. 34-40)
6. Yeung, P. Y., R. L. Johnson, and J. G. Xu. 1997. Biodegradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil as Affected by Heating and Forced Aeration. J. Environ. Qual. 26:1511-1516. doi:10.2134/jeq1997.00472425002600060009x
7. Park Gi-Ho; Shin Hang-Sik; Park Min-Ho; Hong Seung-Mo; Ko Seok-Oh; (2005) Effects of Soil Temperature on Biodegradation Rate of Diesel Compounds from a Field Pilot Test Using Hot Air Injection Process, Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment Vol. 10, No. 4 Pp.45-53.
8. Aulenta, F. et al. Enhanced anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated solvents: environmental factors influencing microbial activity and their relevance under field conditions. 2006. J Chem Technol Biotechnol. 81: 1463-1474.
9. Maym´ o-Gatell, X., Anguish, T. & Zinder, S. H. Reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes and 1, 2-dichloroethane by ”Dehalococcoides ethenogenes” 195. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65, 3108–3113 (1999).
10. Hendrickson, E. R. et al. Molecular analysis of Dehalococcoides 16S ribosomal DNA from chloroethene-contaminatedsites throughout North America and Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, 485–495 (2002).
11. Lu, X., Wilson, J. T. & Kampbell, D. H. Relationship between Dehalococcoides DNA in ground water and rates ofreductive dechlorination at field scale. Water Research 40, 3131–3140 (2006).
