The Kaaba, known also as the Sacred House, is a cuboid building in Mekkah, Saudi Arabia. It is one of the most sacred sites in Islam.

Kaaba was re-constructed by Ibrahim. It is stated in the Qur'an that this was the first house that was built for humanity to worship Allah.

The Holy Mosque is built around the Kaaba. Muslims are expected to face the Kaaba during prayers, no matter

where they are .

The Kaaba is located inside the Holy Mosque in the center of Mekkah and it’s made of granite. Inside the Kaaba, the floor is made of marble and limestone. The interior walls are clad with marble halfway to the roof. The marble is inset with Qur'anic inscriptions. The top part of the Ka'ba’s walls are covered with a green cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with scented oil used on the Black Stone outside.

The stone was venerated at the Kaaba in pre-Islamic pagan times. It was set intact into the Kaaba's wall by the Islamic prophet Muhammad. Since then it has been broken into a number of fragments and it is now cemented into a silver frame in the side of the Kaaba. Islamic tradition holds that it fell from Heaven to show Adam and Eve where to build an altar.

The Black Stone is the eastern cornerstone of the Kaaba, the ancient stone was built toward which Muslims pray. It is revered by Muslims as an Islamic relic which dates back to the time of Adam and Eve.

Muslim pilgrims circle the Kaaba as part of the Tawaf ritual of the Hajj. Many of them try, if possible, to stop and kiss the Black Stone, emulating the kiss that Islamic tradition records that it received from Muhammad. If they cannot reach it, they point to it on each of their seven circuits around the Kaaba.

Al-Safa and Al-Marwah are two small mountains located in the Holy mosque ,which Muslims travel back and forth seven times during the ritual pilgrimages of Hajj and Umrah.

Ibrahim was commanded by God to leave his wife Hagar and their infant son alone in the desert between Al-Safa & Al-Marwah with only basic provisions to test their faith. When their provisions were exhausted, Hagar went in search of help or water. To make her search easier and faster, she went alone, leaving the infant Ismael on the ground.

She first climbed the nearest hill, Al-Safa, to look over the surrounding area. When she saw nothing, she then went to the other hill, Al-Marwah, to look around. While Hagar was on either hillside, she was able to see Ismael and know he was safe. However, when she was in the valley between the hills she was unable to see her son, and would thus run whilst in the valley and walk at a normal pace when on the hillsides. Hagar travelled back and forth between the hills seven times in the scorching heat before returning to her son. When she arrived, she found that a spring had broken forth from where the crying baby kicked the sand with his feet. This spring is now known as the Zamzam Well.

Zamzam is the name of the well that provides water to billions of people who visit the Holy Mosque.

Zamzam is linked to some of the most important characters in Zamzam history: the Prophets Ibrahim and Ismail (peace be upon them) and Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him and his family).

Prophet Ibrahim rebuilt the Sacred House at the site of the well, a buildingwhich had been originally constructedby Prophet Adam, and today is called The Kaaba. Zamzam well is located approximately 20 meters east of the Kaaba. The miracle water of Zamzam is still flowing until today.

The difference between Zamzam water and other (city water) is in the quantity of calcium and magnesium salts. The content of these are slightly higher in Zamzam water, but more significantly, the water contains fluorides that have an effective germicidal action and it has the ability to

satisfy both thirst and hunger.

Prophet Muhammad said: "The best water on the earth is the water of Zamzam; it is a kind of food and a healing from

sickness".

The Abraj Al-Bait Towers, also known as Makkah Royal

Hotel Clock Tower, is a building in front of the Holy Mosque. These towers are part of the King Abdulaziz Endowment Project. This building holds several world records, the tallest clock tower in the world, the world's largest clock face and the building with the world's

largest floor area .

The hotel tower became the second tallest building in the world in 2012.

The Clock is visible from around 17 kilometers away at night and up to 12 km during the day and it's six times the size of Big Ben. Also, it's used for the call to prayer within the city of Makkah.

Done by :Sarah Misfer Al-Dosari

Hooryeh Obaid Al-Rdaan

Norah Jabaan Hamad

Nouf Fahad Al-Dossai

Reem Sauyan Al-Sakabrah