Presentation The organisation of living things

Presentation

The organisation of living things

Cells Cells are the basic units of life. Are all the cells the same?


Animal cell


Animal cell Plant cell


Animal cell Plant cell

We can classify living things into two types:

unicellular and multicellular

Cells Cells are the basic units of life. They carry out the basic life processes of interaction, nutrition and reproduction.

Animal cell


Animal cell membrane: it surrounds and protects the cell.


Animal cell

nucleus: it controls everything that happens inside the cell.

membrane: it surrounds and protects the cell.


Animal cell

nucleus: it controls everything that happens inside the cell.

membrane: it surrounds and protects the cell.

cytoplasm: it is a thick, clear liquid protected by the membrane. It contains all the organelles outside the nucleus. The organelles carry out different life processes.


Plant cell


Plant cell rigid cell wall: it is around the membrane. It helps to support the plant.



cytoplasm: it contains special organelles called chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll. This substance helps to carry out photosynthesis.

chloroplast




chloroplast

vacuole: it stores water and nutrients or, sometimes, waste products.




nucleus

chloroplast

vacuole: it stores water and nutrients or, sometimes, waste products.






Unicellular: living things that are made up of

only one cell.




Unicellular: living things that are made up of

only one cell.

Multicellular: living things that are made up of

many cells.



The organisation of animals What are systems, organs and tissue made up of?

Cells joined together to form tissue.



Each type of tissue has a specific

function.




function.

Organs are made up of different

tissue.




function.

Organs are made up of different

tissue.

Systems are group of organs that work together.



• Cells joined together to form

tissue.


• Cells joined together to form

tissue.

• They are different shapes

according to their function.



• Cells joined together to

form tissue.


• Cells joined together to

form tissue.

• Each type of tissue has a

specific function.



• Organs are made up of different tissue.



• Systems are groups of organs that work

together to perform a function.



• Systems are groups of organs that work

together to perform a function.

• The basic life processes are carried out by

different systems.

The organisation of animals What types of cells are in multicellular organisms?


Red blood cells


Red blood cells Nerve cells


Red blood cells Nerve cells Reproductive cells


Red blood cells Nerve cells Reproductive cells

Each type of cell has a specific function and a unique appearance.


Red blood cells


Red blood cells

• They are flat and circular.


Red blood cells


• Red blood cells carry oxygen from the

lungs to the muscles and organs.


Red blood cells




• They transfer the oxygen they carry.


Red blood cells




• They transfer the oxygen they carry.

• They travel back to the lungs, where

they begin the cycle again.


Nerve cells


Nerve cells

• They are star-shaped.


Nerve cells


• They transmit nerve impulses from

different parts of the body to the brain

and vice-versa.


Nerve cells


• They transmit nerve impulses from

different parts of the body to the brain

and vice-versa.

• The impulses are then passed on to

other cells, so the nerve impulses travel

from one nerve cell to another.


Reproductive cells


Reproductive cells

• They enable us to reproduce.


Reproductive cells


• Female reproductive cells are spherical.


Reproductive cells



• Male reproductive cells are oval with a

long tail for swimming.


Reproductive cells



• Male reproductive cells are oval with a

long tail for swimming.

• The female and male cells combine in a

process called fertilisation.

The organisation of plants What type of organism are plants?

Cells joint together to form tissue.


Cells join together to form tissue.

Each type of tissue play a specific role.



Each type of tissue play a specific role.

Organs are made up of tissue.



Each type of tissue plays a specific role.

Organs are made up of tissue.

Systems are group of organs that work together.



• Plant cells have a rigid cell wall,

so they are usually rectangular

or polygonal.




or polygonal.

• They make their own food using

photosynthesis.




or polygonal.

• They make their own food using

photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis takes place in

leaf cells and they need

chlorophyll to perform it.



• Plant tissue is made up of

many cells joined together.


• Plant tissue is made up of

many cells joined together.

• Each tissue plays a

specific role: protection,

transporting nutrients or

supporting the plant.



• Organs are made up of tissue.



• A leaf is an organ.




• Its function is to absorb sunlight

and carbon dioxide.





and carbon dioxide.

• It needs both to produce food.

for the plant by photosynthesis.





and carbon dioxide.

• It needs both to produce food.

for the plant by photosynthesis.

Systems are group of organs and tissue that work together to carry out a function.

What are the parts of a plant?

The organisation of plants



leaves: they make food for the plant.



stem: it supports and transports water, minerals and nutrients throughout the plant.




stem: it supports and transports water, minerals and nutrients throughout the plant.


roots: they absorb water and nutrients from the soil. They have root hairs that increase the area of contact.

Life processes in animals

What are the life processes in animals?



All living things carry out the basic life processes of interaction, nutrition and reproduction but they do these in different ways.




nutrition




nutrition

interaction




nutrition

interaction

reproduction



Nutrition



Nutrition

All living things take in

essential nutrients from the

environment.

These nutrients give them

energy and enable them to

grow and develop.



Interaction



Interaction

All living things detect

information in their environment.

Then they react to this

information in different ways.

In vertebrates, interaction is

carried out using the locomotor

and nervous systems.



Reproduction



Reproduction

Living things can create new members

of their own species.



Reproduction



Reproduction

There are different types of reproduction:

• Oviparous reproduction: they reproduce by laying eggs.



Reproduction



• Viviparous reproduction: they reproduce by growing their

young inside the mother’s body.



Reproduction



• Viviparous reproduction: they reproduce by growing their

young inside the mother’s body.

• Ovoviviparous reproduction: they reproduce with eggs that

hatch inside the mother’s body.

Life processes in plants What are the life processes in plants?





nutrition



nutrition

interaction



nutrition

interaction

reproduction


Nutrition

Plant cells make their own food using

photosynthesis.


Nutrition


photosynthesis.

1. The roots absorb water and minerals

from the soil to make raw sap.


Nutrition


photosynthesis.



2. The raw sap travels up the stem to

the leaves.


Nutrition


photosynthesis.



2. The raw sap travels up the stem to

the leaves.

3. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf and

oxygen is expelled.


Nutrition

4. Photosynthesis takes place in leaves.

They use sunlight and carbon dioxide to

convert raw sap into elaborated sap.


Nutrition

4. Photosynthesis takes place in leaves.

They use sunlight and carbon dioxide to

convert raw sap into elaborated sap.

5. The elaborated sap travels down the

stem to other parts of the plant.

Life processes in plants

What are the life processes in plants?

Interaction



Interaction

The roots of a plant grow towards

water and nutrients in the soils, and

their leaves grow towards sunlight.



Reproduction

Plants reproduce in different ways:



Reproduction


• Seed plants: produce seeds.



Reproduction


• Seed plants: produce seeds.

• Non-seed plants: don’t produce seeds.

They reproduce by producing special cells

called spores, or by producing capsules.

They are transported by the wind, when

they fall onto the ground and grow into a

new plant.

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Presentation The organisation of living things

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