Date post: | 06-Mar-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ezekiel-mostiero |
View: | 14 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 60
Presentation to Environment Committee, SP Lipa City
Ipat G. Luna Save Lipa City Rivers
April 27, 2015
Freshwater Resources l Habitat of 8400 known
species of fish, (40%) are in freshwater ecosystems (nearly 20% of all vertebrates)
l Drinking water for over 6 billion people
l In less than .01% of the planets water
One gram of human feces can contain
10,000,000 viruses 1,000,000 bacteria 1,000 parasite cysts 100 parasite eggs
58% of ground water are
contaminated with coliform
3 out 10 of illnesses are caused by water contamination like
cholera, SARS, Typhoid fever, etc
Water Table
Present Practice 1
Leachate
Comfort Room
2-Chambered Septic Tank
Deep well
Digestive Chamber
Leachate Chamber
Contaminated Water
Malarayat and you Over 70% of our
bodies are made up of water
Having grown up in Lipa and drinking its water, you may be able to trace over half you bodily constitution to Mt. Malarayat and Lipas riverbanks
Policy Background Constitution Art 12 Sec. 4
provides for three types of use
Direct exploitation by the State Through joint, venture,
production sharing and co-production with the State; and
Directly by small scale users.
This means the State has to have a volumetric return on the resources it owns that are taken commercially.
Findings from Water Fora Lipas sources of groundwater include Mt.
Malarayat and the recharge areas in the riverbanks of 4 major rivers
These drain into 4 water bodies: Taal and Laguna lakes, Batangas Bay and Tayabas Bay.
It was predicted in 2000 that if nothing is done, there will not be enough water for everyone in Lipa by 2020. Globally, the prediction is 2025.
Watershed boundaries draw on satellite map
View Looking North
Superimposed on satellite image
Macolod
Banahaw
Malepunyo
Dalaga
Watershed Boundaries and Mountain Features
There is enough water for everyone. The problem we face today is largely one of governance: equitably sharing this water while ensuring the sustainability of natural ecosystems. At this point in time, we have not yet achieved this balance. "
The Water Code
All water users require a water right except for igib
NWRB issues these water rights but only has over a hundred people for the entire country
Heirarchy of uses (domestic use primary) applied in instances of conflict
Philippines Strategy for Improved Watershed Resources
Management (PSIWRM) There should be a demand-driven and community-based approach involving two
parallel components: l Firstly, one where the demand is determined by
national priorities and concerns. l Secondly, one in which the direct stakeholders can
articulate their needs and actively participate in the conservation, planning, management and sustainable utilization (for multiple purposes) of their local watershed resources.
Policies on Land Ownership and Access
Classification of PUBLIC lands into 4: forest, mineral, national park and agricultural or A&D
Agricultural/A&D may be subject to private ownership
If fraudulently titled (after est. of reserve or with falsified documents), OSG files case for cancellation proceedings
Policies on Land Ownership and Access
If tax declaration only, payments are not for the land but for improvements only, not proof of ownership
Claimants may still use the land through CBFM and other tenure instruments over forest
Tax Declaration for the land MAY be used as evidence of Open, Continuous, Exclusive and Notorious occupation for 30 years PRIOR to establishment of reserve and NAPOCOR Jurisdiction but title has to be perfected in court
Policies on Land Ownership and Access
Once titled, still subject to zoning regulations in local zoning ordinance
If zoning restriction constitutes a taking for public use, expropriation proceedings possible
Other options for ensuring forest cover: l Enforcement of easements (3 m. in urban, 20 m in
agricultural areas and 40 m in forest) l Purchasing development rights for annotation in
title l Environmental Impact Assessment system restrictions l Programs (adopt a mountain, barangay patrols, etc)
Clean Water Act promotion of the use of
appropriate economic instruments and control mechanisms for the protection of water resources
Water quality management areas
a comprehensive management program for water pollution focusing on pollution prevention.
Top five issues to discuss General implementation strategy WQMA, general institutional arrangements Sewerage and septage management Discharge permit and wastewater charge
system Accountability of agencies and penalties
for violators
General implementation strategy
Implementation (Rule 19) National water quality status report Integrated water quality management
framework 10-year water quality management area
action plan Tools: standards and guidelines,
classification of water bodies, groundwater vulnerability map, etc.
WQMA and institutional arrangements
WQMA (Rule 5)
Criteria for establishment Procedure for establishment, interim
WQMAs Governing Board and Secretariat Powers and functions
l Implementing the action plan by LGUs l Management of the Area Fund
Role of government agencies
DENR as overall lead agency (S19) DPWH leads sewerage and septage
management program (Rule 7) DOH on sewage; DA on agricultural use of
wastewater LWUA and water districts (Rule 7, 8) Local governments
Sewerage & septage management
Sewerage system (Rule 7,8)
Identifying priorities Covering infrastructure costs Promoting inexpensive alternatives Complementary activities [sanitation,
septage management]
Discharge permit and wastewater charge
Discharge permit (Rule 14)
Specifies quantity and quality of effluent Basis for computation of the wastewater
fee
Wastewater charge system (Rule 13)
Wastewater fee = fixed fee + load based fee Standard fixed fee for all (P8,000 for 3 years) Discharge fee variable based on net waste load (for now, only TSS
and BOD); paid annually in advance Computation of net waste load based on the projected load
specified in the permit Actual pollution load may vary (based on SMR); if proved, may
serve as basis for adjustment of fee for the following year.
Non-attainment areas (Sec. 6) Designation- scope plus pollutant(s)
l Not necessariily corresponding to WQMA Upgrading Water Quality LGUs contingency planning No new sources for pollutant unless
l Existing source discharges reduced l Total pollution load meets targets l If so, LAER for new sources
Surcharges
Accountability and penalties
Accountability of agencies
Actions l Citizen suits to compel agency action?
Penalties for violations by LGUs l Sec. 29 sanctions for non-compliance with action plan l Sec. 27 (j) criminal liability
Accountability for non-point sources
WQMA GB function - measures Categorization of non-point sources (19.9)
l Guidelines for agri and aquaculture by DENR, DA, etc - no deadline
l LGU ordinances to regulate sale and disposal, erosion control
Penalties for violations (Rule 28)
PAB jurisdiction; administrative fines Criminal liability: imprisonment and fines
l Elements of the crimes (Rule 27) Clean up (Sec. 15, 16)
Civil Code on damages
Problems that CWA can address
Future liability due to poisoning Costs for clean up of water source Health problems Waste water, domestic toxics Finding who is responsible for what Funding conservation and watershed
protection mechanisms, e.g. WQMA Governing Board
Citizen monitoring
Why? Motivating sectors
to act require relevant and current information provided to them about matters that affect what they eat and drink
Industry shifts - organic piggeries:
Less pollution/odor, premium price
Incentives for ECOSAN - low cost, small scale and biological clean water systems
Wastewater system in Bayawan City serving 700 households
BADC Narra
Dry Toilet Systems
The Dumaguete Model
WWTP 3.7M cost of construction Converts 400-800 mg/l
BOD to 10-40 mg/l BOD 600 sq m land
Septage TP Cost Recovery by
partnership : WD collects, City treats sludge
2 hectares 6 deslludging trucks for
116,000 residents
WWTP
STP
Why wait? Scarcity breeds conflict Regulation can prevent
scarcity or contamination Just because we have not
had an incident does not mean we wont have one
When the incident is felt, it would already be too late
The real disaster is contamination, once that happens clean up will cost hundreds of times more
Underground pipes that would collect
outflow from different sources
(e.g. floodwater, domestic, industrial)
Outflow would go through sequence
batch reactors on the banks before
discharge to the river
Balintawak River as Ecopark, batch
reactors under a bike path or bridges
Balintawak River as Ecopark with much of the sides kept natural
Balintawak River as Ecopark with aerators
in the river itself
In some river sectors, gardens like this
maintained by the community for food
Grow healthy food
Leafy vegetables
Grains
Fruits
Vines
Roots
Legumes
flowers
That would attract birds and pollinators
Recommended contents of Sewage and septage ordinance
Septic tank inspections and regular desludging ordinance (required by district, service will be WD supplied)
Closure of all septic tanks that reach water table. Incentives for ECOSAN - low cost, mini- and biological
clean water systems City verification process for Sewage TP of new
establishments Specific provisions on LGU role in Enforcement of the
sanitation code Legislate Industry shifts, e.g. piggeries, building by
rivers, etc Penalties for executive inaction
Requirements for Budget Process for Tasks for
the Executive Funds for delimiting and marking ground
boundaries for aquifer recharge areas including river banks and Mt. Malarayat Forest Reserve
WQMA and securing all documents from DENR for PAB cases, EIA requirements
Implementation of ESWM RA 9003 beginning with urgent segragated collection of compostable and residual waste as well as hazardous wastes
Oversight procedures
We cannot leave our rivers to chance. We have to revive them
We see our dead rivers as opportunities
Population and housing reform has a huge impact on access to water resources
When we decide to add trees, they can only give new water after 10 to 30 years