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DRUMMING SKILLS FOR MUSIC EDUCATORS
Learning to get the most out of drums and percussion to help your students make music!
With practice, everyone can learn to play basic tones and traditional rhythms, alone and in groups.
THE INSTRUMENTS
These are some of more common drums and percussion instruments used in classrooms today. As a music educator, it’s important to know the name and origins of each.
Conga
Djembe
Darbuka (Doumbek)
Surdo
Dundun
Caxixi
Maracas
Cabasa
Axatse / Rattle
Bongos
Cowbell
Mark Tree
Claves
Frame Drum
Agogo
Guiro
Cajon
Shekere
Riq
Gankogui
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KEY RHYTHMS
These are a few ‘key’ rhythm patterns that used as fundamental building blocks in many genres of world drumming music. Familiarizing yourself with and mastering these is an important step towards musicianship.
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Straight Feel
Pushed Feel
Rolling 8ths
Clave
.œ> Jx .œ> Jx
.œ Jœ> œ œ
œ> œ œ œ> œ> œ œ œ>
.œ Jœ œ œ
.œ> Jx .œ> Jx
.œ Jœ> œ œ
œ> œ œ œ> œ> œ œ œ>
Œ œ œ Œ
The Stra igh t Fee l appears in genres such as Brazilian Samba and some West African rhythms.
The Pushed Fee l appears in Brazilian Baiao, Cuban Rumba, and Arab and West African rhythms.
The Rol l ing Eighths Fee l appears is prominent in Brazilian and Caribbean styles.
The Clave rhy thm is primarily Cuban, but is implied and referenced in a multitude of genres.
DJEMBE
Playing Position (tilt away)
Bass Tone (not center)
Slap Tone (slight curve)
Open Tone (flat fingers)
Listening: Mamady Keita, Famoudou Konate, Les Ballets Africains Notes:
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BONGOS
Playing Position (angled)
Low Tone (fingers)
High Tone (finger tips)
Darbuka (Doumbek)
Playing Position (angled)
Low Tone (fingers)
High Tone (tips)
Left Hand Tone
Frame Drum
HOLD WITH THE THUMB
“Doum” – Ring finger
“Tak” – At edge
“Pah” – Fingers on head
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SAMBA – BRAZILIAN RHYTHM
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Agogo
Shaker
Surdo (Bass)
œ œ œ œ
œ> œ œ œ> œ> œ œ œ>y ˙
5 œ ‰ 5 ‰ jœ œ
œ> œ œ œ> œ> œ œ œ>y ˙
Samba (sahm-bah)
Medium /Fast Tempo
X = Muted
Note: Agogo Bells are often made to allow the two bells to be pressed (clicked) together with the holding-hand. Play "clicks" in between the notes indicated (in the rests).
BALADI – ARAB RHYTHM
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Zils
Doumbek
œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ œ
œ> œ> œ œ œ> œ> œ œ œ> œ œ
Baladi
Music Therapy DrummingKalani Music
KUKU – WEST AFRICAN RHYTHM
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Djembe
Dundun
Bell
Rattle
œ œ œ ‰ Jœ œ œ œ ‰ Jœ.œ œ ‰ Jœ œ ‰ Jœ
— — — ! — — — — — ! — —œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ ‰ Jœ œ œ œ ‰ Jœ.œ œ ‰ Jœ œ ‰ Jœ
— — — ! — — — — — ! — —œ œ œ œ
KukuMedum-Fast (105-120)
Notes: