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Transports nutrients &
metabolic waste
Facilitates chemical reactions
Regulates body temperature
Lubricates & cushions joints & organs
Water
Minerals
20
Ca40.078
12
Mg24.305
15
P30.974
11
Na22.990
17
Cl35.450
16
S32.06
26
Fe55.845
29
Cu63.546
42
Mo95.960
53
I126.90
27
Co58.933
34
Se78.960
25
Mn54.938
30
Zn65.380
Macrominerals:
Microminerals:
Obesity
The condition of being obese; increase in body weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat
Obesity:
52.5%
58.3%
The first prescription
drug aimed for canine weight-loss in the USA
Dirlotapide Targets small intestine
Reduces fat absorption Gives a feeling of
satiety Therefore reduces food
intake i.e. calories
Goal Lose 3% of body weight
every month Different phases
Weight loss phase Maintenance phase
Consult your veterinarian!
Obesity in animals is associated with other health issues
Diabetes mellitus
Heart Disease
Liver Disease
Orthopedic Issues
11 year old neutered male DSH 15 lbs ~BCS 7/9
Owner has noted recent weight loss Lethargy Polyuria Polydipsia Poor coat
Simba
Diabetes in Animals
Type I•Pancreas unable to produce insulin•Treatment is insulin dependent•Most common type found in dogs
Type II•Pancreas makes insulin but body does not respond or is resistant to it•Most often brought on by high carbohydrate diets•Most common type found in catsOver weight cats are 2 times more likely to develop
diabetesObese cats are 4 times more likely to develop
diabetes
Appetite can be excessive or
absent
Symptoms
Sudden weight loss or gain
Excessive drinking or urination
Blurred vision and cataracts
Weakness in back legs
Thinning of skin
Treatment
• Primary treatment is centered around diet and exercise
• If that is not enough than an insulin injection program will be implemented
A simple change of diet can go a long ways in helping to reduce the effects of diabetes.
A low-carbohydrate diet reduces the amount of insulin needed and stabilizes blood sugar levels in cats.
A high-fiber, moderate-carb diet has been recommended for dogs.
Diet
11 year old neutered male DSH 15 lbs ~BCS 7/9
Owner has noted recent weight loss Lethargy Polyuria Polydipsia Poor coat
Simba
Type 1 Treatment
• Islet Cell Encapsulation – transplant of insulin-producing Islet cells encapsulated in permeable membrane to shield them from the immune system
• Islet Cell Regeneration – Involves a protein that is responsible for the regeneration of Islet cells and other important hormones in the pancreas – in clinical trials
• Islet cell development from stem cells
Ongoing Research
Type 1 Treatment
• Gene Therapy – an oral medication consisting of viral vectors containing the insulin gene is digested and delivered to the upper intestines where it is reproduced
Type 1 Prevention
• Immunization – a biochemical mechanism is being researched that prevents the immune system from attacking beta (insulin-producing) cells
Ongoing Research