PRESENTED BY

ROBERT KELLY

Geoff Graham

MAQUARIE UNIVERSITYPROFILE

• Located 12 Km North of Sydney C.B.D.

• Established 1966

• 210,000 Sq. Metres G.F.A.

• Approx. 22,000 Students (14,000 EFTSU)

• Set on Approx. 250 Acres

• Reduced Energy ConsumptionReduced Energy Consumption

• Reduced Energy CostsReduced Energy Costs

• Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations

---S.E.D.A Business Partner---S.E.D.A Business Partner

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

OBJECTIVES

Calculated Building Stock Areas

0.00

25,000.00

50,000.00

75,000.00

100,000.00

125,000.00

150,000.00

175,000.00

200,000.00

225,000.00

Gross Area

1997

Pre

1994

1995

1996

1998

1999

2000

2001

Increased Energy Demand

• Buildings now partially / fully air conditioned

• Information Technology (IT) explosion

• Extended operating hours / year

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

Campus Electricity Consumption 1993 to 2001

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

Year

Usage in kilowatt hours

Campus Electricity Charges 1993 to 2001

500,000

1,000,000

1,500,000

2,000,000

Year

$$$

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

Macquarie University entered the deregulation market in April 1997 for a one year trial. To do an effective comparison on pre deregulation and a new contract price, it is worth comparing the full 12 months periods - 1996 and 1998.

Deregulation - Original Savings

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

Deregulation - Original Savings

Year Electrical Load (KW/h)

Total Cost Cents per KW/h

1996 20,033,683 $1,708,745 8.53

1997 See Note 1 $1,226,337

1998 23,318,854 $1,417,959 6.08

Note 1:The change over year resulted in a drop in consumption, basically as a result of a new and confused industry. Billing data was not recorded correctly. This year combined pre-deregulated and deregulated charges.

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

Electrical Supply Contract

In 1997, the University negotiated a one year contract with Victorian based retailer Powercor.

In 1998, the University renewed the contract for 10 years.

University “cushioned” against rising energy costs for term of this contract.

University expect to pay market rates from 2008 under renegotiated contract.

Current rates are 29% below the market rates.

In real terms – at least 100% increase in costs.

Retail Price Current 5.67 cents/kWh (inc GST)

Retail increasess as per contract

40%

Network Inreases15%

Increases due to metering charges

10%

Renewable EnergyCertificates (REC’s)

15%

Compound increase to 10.84cents kWh(based on contract rates)

After 30 June 2008, we are againvulnerable to market forces, which

are currently 29% higher.

Assume 20% increase in marketprice, retail price is expected to be

greater than 13 cents kWh

Innovative EnergyInnovative Energy ManagementManagement

• E11A administration building – E11A administration building – geothermal ground source heat pump geothermal ground source heat pump A/CA/C

• Library cogeneration plant.Library cogeneration plant.• E6A/E3A synergy system.E6A/E3A synergy system.

• E3B heat recovery systemE3B heat recovery system

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

4 Major Energy Initiatives

E11A Administration Building

E11A GEOTHERMALE11A GEOTHERMAL FIELD LOCATIONFIELD LOCATION

E11A ADMINISTRATION

BUILDING

Schematic of Geothermal Field & Packaged Heat Pumps.

E11A ADMINISTRATION

BUILDING

E11A Geothermal InitiativeE11A Geothermal Initiative

• Low maintenanceLow maintenance• No visible outdoor No visible outdoor

equipmentequipment• No mandatory No mandatory

cleaningcleaning• No chemical No chemical

treatmenttreatment• No waNo waste waterste water• Longer equipment Longer equipment

lifelife

• No outdoor noise to control.No outdoor noise to control.• Minimum plant room space Minimum plant room space

requirementsrequirements.• High COP (kW in kW out) High COP (kW in kW out)

meaning lower electrical meaning lower electrical input to energy output input to energy output ratio. ratio.

• No onsite emissions or No onsite emissions or odours.odours.

• Environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly• Cost efficient – 2 year pay-Cost efficient – 2 year pay-

backback

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

Cogeneration PlantPlant Exterior

• The plant has been constructed to accept an extra 4 levels of Library extension.

• Provision to power & air condition the extension is available.

GAS DRIVEN GENSETS COMBINED POWER GENERATED 1.5 mWATTS

STORAGE TANK 1.25 MILLION LITRES OF 4.5 DEGREEN CHILLED WATER

98 DEGREE HOT WATER FOR CHILLER OPERATION

ABSORPTION CHILLER 1230 kWr

HEAT RECOVERY UNITS EXTRACT 2mWATTS OF HEAT FROM ENGINE EXHAUST GASES

CHILLED WATER TO CAMPUS“NO WASTE” - EVEN HEAT FROM ENGINE JACKET & LUBE OIL IS RECOVERED

Cogeneration PlantCatterpillar Gensets.

• Engines are V12 natural gas driven each producing 760kW of electrical power & 1mW of waste heat for recovery and production of chilled water at 4.50Celsius for air conditioning.

Cogeneration PlantHeat Recovery Units

• Heat Recovery Units capture heat from engine exhaust & transfer into process water for chilled water production from Absorption chiller.

Cogen. Plant Absorption Chiller arrives for installation.Capacity 1230 kWr.

Chiller is driven by recovered heat from engine exhaust gases.

980C water recovered from exhaust and pumped to chiller.

Cogeneration Plant3 x Fluid Coolers

• 3 x 1500 kW fluid coolers for dump heat.

• Situated on roof of existing library.

• Dump Heat will be reduced as waste heat is fully exploited possibly with proposed Aquatic Centre.

Cogeneration Plant Storage Tank

• Storage tank stands 22m high with a dia. Of 8.5m and a volume of 1.25million Litres.

• Tank is stratified type with temperatures at 4.50C and 16.50c.

Cogeneration LCC

-

5,000,000

10,000,000

15,000,000

20,000,000

25,000,000

30,000,000

35,000,000

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Years

Cu

mu

lati

ve

NP

C

Base Case

Cogeneration

Recognition

• Macquarie University was awarded the Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Green Globe Award for 2001 in the category of Innovation in Cogeneration

Energy Savings By Synergy E6A/E3AEnergy Savings By Synergy E6A/E3A

E6A chillers connected to E3A 850,000 E6A chillers connected to E3A 850,000 litre storage tank allowing chillers to litre storage tank allowing chillers to charge tank at low night time tariffs charge tank at low night time tariffs and to discharge to loads during the and to discharge to loads during the day.day.

A twofold benefit is attained as chillers A twofold benefit is attained as chillers run at maximum load at night. Chillers run at maximum load at night. Chillers fully loaded are more energy efficient fully loaded are more energy efficient than part loadedthan part loaded.

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

SYNERGY ADVANTAGESSYNERGY ADVANTAGES

E6A/E3AE6A/E3A Central equipment Central equipment

minimised for E3B minimised for E3B due to tank due to tank capacity.capacity.

Cooling tower risk Cooling tower risk eliminated from E3Beliminated from E3B

Impact of chiller Impact of chiller down time reduced down time reduced due to energy due to energy storage.storage.

Higher COP(kW/kWr) for Higher COP(kW/kWr) for chillers due to chillers due to avoidance of part avoidance of part loading. loading.

Low night time power Low night time power tariffs.tariffs.

Increased chiller life Increased chiller life cycle due to longer run cycle due to longer run and stop timesand stop times.

INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT

BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE

OUT DOOR A

IR

OUT DOOR A

IR

EXHAUST AIR

EXHAUST AIR

AIR PASSES THROUGH ENERGY WHEEL AND AIR PASSES THROUGH ENERGY WHEEL AND HEAT IS RECOVERED AS WHEEL ROTATESHEAT IS RECOVERED AS WHEEL ROTATES

E3B HEAT E3B HEAT RECOVERYRECOVERY

Air

Water

Refrigerant

kW kW kW

10.7 5.2 0.53

Fan Power

Pump Power

Power needed to Transfer 30kWof Energy

Media Performance

POWER TO ENERGY TRANSFER RATIOPOWER TO ENERGY TRANSFER RATIO

E3B INTERNATIONAL BUILDINGE3B INTERNATIONAL BUILDING

Questions

CONTACTS

• Robert Kelly : rkelly@bgo.mq.edu.au

• Geoff Graham : ggraham@bgo.mq.edu.au

• Kerry Russell : krussell@bgo.mq.edu.au