PRESENTED BY
ROBERT KELLY
Geoff Graham
MAQUARIE UNIVERSITYPROFILE
• Located 12 Km North of Sydney C.B.D.
• Established 1966
• 210,000 Sq. Metres G.F.A.
• Approx. 22,000 Students (14,000 EFTSU)
• Set on Approx. 250 Acres
• Reduced Energy ConsumptionReduced Energy Consumption
• Reduced Energy CostsReduced Energy Costs
• Environmental ConsiderationsEnvironmental Considerations
---S.E.D.A Business Partner---S.E.D.A Business Partner
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
OBJECTIVES
Calculated Building Stock Areas
0.00
25,000.00
50,000.00
75,000.00
100,000.00
125,000.00
150,000.00
175,000.00
200,000.00
225,000.00
Gross Area
1997
Pre
1994
1995
1996
1998
1999
2000
2001
Increased Energy Demand
• Buildings now partially / fully air conditioned
• Information Technology (IT) explosion
• Extended operating hours / year
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
Campus Electricity Consumption 1993 to 2001
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
Year
Usage in kilowatt hours
Campus Electricity Charges 1993 to 2001
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
Year
$$$
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
Macquarie University entered the deregulation market in April 1997 for a one year trial. To do an effective comparison on pre deregulation and a new contract price, it is worth comparing the full 12 months periods - 1996 and 1998.
Deregulation - Original Savings
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
Deregulation - Original Savings
Year Electrical Load (KW/h)
Total Cost Cents per KW/h
1996 20,033,683 $1,708,745 8.53
1997 See Note 1 $1,226,337
1998 23,318,854 $1,417,959 6.08
Note 1:The change over year resulted in a drop in consumption, basically as a result of a new and confused industry. Billing data was not recorded correctly. This year combined pre-deregulated and deregulated charges.
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
Electrical Supply Contract
In 1997, the University negotiated a one year contract with Victorian based retailer Powercor.
In 1998, the University renewed the contract for 10 years.
University “cushioned” against rising energy costs for term of this contract.
University expect to pay market rates from 2008 under renegotiated contract.
Current rates are 29% below the market rates.
In real terms – at least 100% increase in costs.
Retail Price Current 5.67 cents/kWh (inc GST)
Retail increasess as per contract
40%
Network Inreases15%
Increases due to metering charges
10%
Renewable EnergyCertificates (REC’s)
15%
Compound increase to 10.84cents kWh(based on contract rates)
After 30 June 2008, we are againvulnerable to market forces, which
are currently 29% higher.
Assume 20% increase in marketprice, retail price is expected to be
greater than 13 cents kWh
Innovative EnergyInnovative Energy ManagementManagement
• E11A administration building – E11A administration building – geothermal ground source heat pump geothermal ground source heat pump A/CA/C
• Library cogeneration plant.Library cogeneration plant.• E6A/E3A synergy system.E6A/E3A synergy system.
• E3B heat recovery systemE3B heat recovery system
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
4 Major Energy Initiatives
E11A Administration Building
E11A GEOTHERMALE11A GEOTHERMAL FIELD LOCATIONFIELD LOCATION
E11A ADMINISTRATION
BUILDING
Schematic of Geothermal Field & Packaged Heat Pumps.
E11A ADMINISTRATION
BUILDING
E11A Geothermal InitiativeE11A Geothermal Initiative
• Low maintenanceLow maintenance• No visible outdoor No visible outdoor
equipmentequipment• No mandatory No mandatory
cleaningcleaning• No chemical No chemical
treatmenttreatment• No waNo waste waterste water• Longer equipment Longer equipment
lifelife
• No outdoor noise to control.No outdoor noise to control.• Minimum plant room space Minimum plant room space
requirementsrequirements.• High COP (kW in kW out) High COP (kW in kW out)
meaning lower electrical meaning lower electrical input to energy output input to energy output ratio. ratio.
• No onsite emissions or No onsite emissions or odours.odours.
• Environmentally friendlyEnvironmentally friendly• Cost efficient – 2 year pay-Cost efficient – 2 year pay-
backback
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
Cogeneration PlantPlant Exterior
• The plant has been constructed to accept an extra 4 levels of Library extension.
• Provision to power & air condition the extension is available.
GAS DRIVEN GENSETS COMBINED POWER GENERATED 1.5 mWATTS
STORAGE TANK 1.25 MILLION LITRES OF 4.5 DEGREEN CHILLED WATER
98 DEGREE HOT WATER FOR CHILLER OPERATION
ABSORPTION CHILLER 1230 kWr
HEAT RECOVERY UNITS EXTRACT 2mWATTS OF HEAT FROM ENGINE EXHAUST GASES
CHILLED WATER TO CAMPUS“NO WASTE” - EVEN HEAT FROM ENGINE JACKET & LUBE OIL IS RECOVERED
Cogeneration PlantCatterpillar Gensets.
• Engines are V12 natural gas driven each producing 760kW of electrical power & 1mW of waste heat for recovery and production of chilled water at 4.50Celsius for air conditioning.
Cogeneration PlantHeat Recovery Units
• Heat Recovery Units capture heat from engine exhaust & transfer into process water for chilled water production from Absorption chiller.
Cogen. Plant Absorption Chiller arrives for installation.Capacity 1230 kWr.
Chiller is driven by recovered heat from engine exhaust gases.
980C water recovered from exhaust and pumped to chiller.
Cogeneration Plant3 x Fluid Coolers
• 3 x 1500 kW fluid coolers for dump heat.
• Situated on roof of existing library.
• Dump Heat will be reduced as waste heat is fully exploited possibly with proposed Aquatic Centre.
Cogeneration Plant Storage Tank
• Storage tank stands 22m high with a dia. Of 8.5m and a volume of 1.25million Litres.
• Tank is stratified type with temperatures at 4.50C and 16.50c.
Cogeneration LCC
-
5,000,000
10,000,000
15,000,000
20,000,000
25,000,000
30,000,000
35,000,000
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
Years
Cu
mu
lati
ve
NP
C
Base Case
Cogeneration
Recognition
• Macquarie University was awarded the Sustainable Energy Development Authority (SEDA) Green Globe Award for 2001 in the category of Innovation in Cogeneration
Energy Savings By Synergy E6A/E3AEnergy Savings By Synergy E6A/E3A
E6A chillers connected to E3A 850,000 E6A chillers connected to E3A 850,000 litre storage tank allowing chillers to litre storage tank allowing chillers to charge tank at low night time tariffs charge tank at low night time tariffs and to discharge to loads during the and to discharge to loads during the day.day.
A twofold benefit is attained as chillers A twofold benefit is attained as chillers run at maximum load at night. Chillers run at maximum load at night. Chillers fully loaded are more energy efficient fully loaded are more energy efficient than part loadedthan part loaded.
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
SYNERGY ADVANTAGESSYNERGY ADVANTAGES
E6A/E3AE6A/E3A Central equipment Central equipment
minimised for E3B minimised for E3B due to tank due to tank capacity.capacity.
Cooling tower risk Cooling tower risk eliminated from E3Beliminated from E3B
Impact of chiller Impact of chiller down time reduced down time reduced due to energy due to energy storage.storage.
Higher COP(kW/kWr) for Higher COP(kW/kWr) for chillers due to chillers due to avoidance of part avoidance of part loading. loading.
Low night time power Low night time power tariffs.tariffs.
Increased chiller life Increased chiller life cycle due to longer run cycle due to longer run and stop timesand stop times.
INNOVATIVE ENERGY MANAGEMENT
BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS OFFICE
OUT DOOR A
IR
OUT DOOR A
IR
EXHAUST AIR
EXHAUST AIR
AIR PASSES THROUGH ENERGY WHEEL AND AIR PASSES THROUGH ENERGY WHEEL AND HEAT IS RECOVERED AS WHEEL ROTATESHEAT IS RECOVERED AS WHEEL ROTATES
E3B HEAT E3B HEAT RECOVERYRECOVERY
Air
Water
Refrigerant
kW kW kW
10.7 5.2 0.53
Fan Power
Pump Power
Power needed to Transfer 30kWof Energy
Media Performance
POWER TO ENERGY TRANSFER RATIOPOWER TO ENERGY TRANSFER RATIO
E3B INTERNATIONAL BUILDINGE3B INTERNATIONAL BUILDING
Questions
CONTACTS
• Robert Kelly : [email protected]
• Geoff Graham : [email protected]
• Kerry Russell : [email protected]