Presented to: By: Date: Federal Aviation Administration Network Centric Operations Research Secure...

Presented to:By:Date:

Federal AviationAdministration

Network Centric Operations Research Secure Mobile Networking

William Ivancic, NASA Glenn Research Center9 November 2011

SWIM Net Centric Demos TIM 8

2Federal AviationAdministration

Network Centric Operations Research Secure Mobile Networking9 November 2011

Goal of Today’s Participation?• Gain a better understanding of the current state of SWIM

and the future plans, directions and needs.• Determine what expertise and technologies the Networks

and Architectures Branch of NASA Glenn Research Center might be applicable to future demonstrations and prototyping.

• Provide some insight into what NASA GRC has done and is currently doing in regarding Aeronautics and Space-based Network Centric Operations.

• Provide some insight into NASA GRC’s capabilities and facilities particularly regarding:– The Airport Surface Wireless Communications,

Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) Test Bed at Cleveland Hopkins

– Aircraft Access to SWIM (AAtS)



Secure Mobile Networking in anOperational Setting

US Coast Guard Cutter Neah Bay – Cleveland, Ohio



Use and Deployments

• 1st Demonstrated August 23 & November 6, 2002 on Lake Erie

• Used in operational setting July – Sept 2003– New York and Boston Harbor

• NY City had no land line• Boston land line was poor – switched to satellite

• Used Oct – Nov 2003 at shipyard during maintenance– 802.11b at 11 Mbps


MobileLAN10.x.x.x

INTERNET USCGINTRANET

10.x.x.x

FA - Detroit

FA Cleveland

HA

Encryption

PR

OX

Y

En

cryp

tio

n

802.11b link

FIR

EW

AL

LPublic Address

USCG Officer’s Club

EAST

WEST

Dock

EAST

WEST

Dock

Encrypted NetworkData Transfers


IPv4 Mobile LAN IPv6Mobile Router

CorrespondingPublic Node

IPv6HomeAgent

MonitoringPoints

Glenn Research Center

GRC Open Network (DMZ)

Globalstar

T-Mobile

IPv6 Mobile LAN

IPv4PublicInternet

CNSIPv6Intranet

EurocontrolIPv6Intranet

NASA NRENIPv6Intranet

Z

Z

IPv6 Web Server

IPv6 Web Server

IPv6 Web Server

6-to-4 (DOOR)

6-to-4 (DOOR)

4-to-6 Tunnel

6-to-4 (DOG)

6-to-4

Tunnel

6-t

o-4

Tu

nnel

RemoteControlledWebcam

IPv6 MobileNetworkingDemonstrationNov 2004 to CIO of DOD

IPv6Network



Aeronautics-Based

Network Centric Operations Research


Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) Integration in the National Airspace System (NAS)

Communications Sub-ProjectProject Engineer: Jim GrinerDeputy Sub Project Manager for GRC: Bob Kerczewski

Milestones:FY11 Provide Spectrum Inputs to WP5B of WRCFY12 C2 frequency band propagation in a relevant environment completeFY13 Development of C2 system prototype equipment completeFY14 Validation of security mitigations in relevant environment completeFY15 Performance testing of C2 System in relevant environment completeFY16 C2 system performance testing in mixed traffic environment (Flight Test 4) FY16 Large scale simulations of candidate C2 technologies and their impact on air traffic capacity complete

Goal: Partner with industry to develop and test a prototype commercial UAS command and control communication system consistent with RTCA SC-203 defined vision and architectural concepts. Provide data and recommendations regarding future policy and guidance

Security, Security, Security• Security is the key to

everything• But its hard

• ITAR make is very difficult to address internationally

• Need one system for both the National and Global Airspace Systems


NASA-FAMS Air-to-Ground Communications Systems Partnership

Key Milestones4/1/08 Deliver AGCS technology Roadmap11/1/08 Complete Flight tests of Inmarsat Satcom system3/1/09 Complete installation of emulated air/ground communication system on FAMS trainer aircraft6/1/09 Complete FAMS Public/Private Partnership Plan 3/1/10 Complete FAMS Communication Device EMI testing at FAA Technical Center3/1/10 Deliver 26 Air-to-Ground Comm System Emulators12/31/11 Complete FAMS Device-to-Device prototype and

perform EMI testing at FAA Tech CenterPartnersDHS Science & Technology, DHS Federal Air Marshal Service (FAMS)

Approach

• Develop AGCS technology Roadmap identifying services, technology maturity, and gaps

• Work with specific commercial systems/vendors to ensure FAMS comm requirements are integrated

• Develop comm prototypes, perform lab evaluations to assess and validate performance

• Develop a public/private partnership plan for implementing the FAMS air/ground communication system

Objectives

Develop a communications capability satisfying the operational needs of the Federal Air Marshal Service involving aircraft platforms

Capability: Fully realized, deployable and useable end-to-end solution

• Aircraft Platforms: Communications within an aircraft and between other air and ground contacts

FAMS Air-to-Ground Communication System Emulator



ICAO Endorsed Future Communications Study Technology Recommendations(what has become AeroMACS)

Future Communications Study, ICAO Aeronautical Communications Panel, Recommendation #1: Develop a new system based on the IEEE 802.16e standard

operating in the C-band and supporting the airport surface environment.

EuropeCommon Shortlist

United States

Oceanic / Remote

Continental Continental

Custom SatelliteP34/TIA-902

LDL

B-AMC

AMACS

Inmarsat SBB

Custom Satellite

IEEE 802.16e

P34/TIA-902LDL

B-AMC

AMACS

Inmarsat SBB

Custom Satellite

IEEE 802.16e

Oceanic / Remote

Airport Airport

Today’s Focus


Aeronautical Mobile Airport Communications System (AeroMACS)

Objectives

• Participate in the development of a Wireless Airport Communications System for use in the National Airspace System

• Support technology profile development and standardization in national and international forums

• Develop, test and validate wireless communications technology utilizing NASA GRC Communications Navigation and Surveillance (CNS) test bed

Approach

• Utilize GRC CNS test bed to validate wireless system performance for fixed and mobility nodes

• Conduct technology interference analysis utilizing propagation tools

• Test system performance with operational applications in GRC CNS test bed

• Utilize collected test data to support technology standardization activities

• RTCA Special Committee (SC-223)• AeroMACS profile development• Minimum Operational Performance Standards

• Action Plan 30 Future Communications Infrastructure• Joint Eurocontrol - FAA/NASA recommendations to

NextGen Program, SESAR, ICAO on WIMAX

Potential Mobile Applications• ATC Communications with any aircraft

anywhere • Airport operations• Investigate network capabilities for AeroMACS

to support AOC applications and Aircraft Access to SWIM (AAtS)

Potential Fixed Applications• Sensor data collection/dissemination for

situational awareness• Network enabled Weather Data



NASA-Cleveland Test Bed AeroMACS Network Layout

AZ = 55° °

AZ = 200°

AZ = 295° AZ = 45°

AZ = 185°

Cleveland-Hopkins International Airport

NASA GlennResearch Center

SubscriberStations

Base Stations

CoreServer


AeroMACS Development – GRC

• First (and still only) in the World AeroMACS Operational Prototype Testbed

• First Networked Wireless Airport Surface Communications System interconnecting ASDE-X (Surface Multilateration) ground stations

• First Networked Wireless Inter-Airport Communications System interconnecting three NE Ohio airports

• First WiMAX-based multi-node network operating in new 5091-5150 MHZ spectrum allocation

• First AeroMACS mobile network demonstrations • First radar site integration demonstration using

AeroMACS (current activity)• AeroMACS-aircraft connectivity demonstration

(planned)• AeroMACS Electronic Flight Bag upload

(planned)• AeroMACS FMS upload demonstration (planned)• AeroMACS-SWIM integration test and

demonstration (planned) • AeroMACS Wx sensor integration (planned)


How Do You Select and Implement the Routing Path?

High Speed SatCom Network• Globally Available • Affected by Weather• Higher Bandwidth• High Latency• High Cost

Low Speed SatCom Network• Globally Available• Low Bandwidth• High Latency• Very High Cost• Redundant

High Speed LOS Network• Globally Available • High Bandwidth• Low Latency• Lower Security• Moderate Cost

High Speed Terrestrial• Not Available when Mobile • High Bandwidth• Low latency• Lower Cost

OperationsCommand and

Control

Mobile Network

How do you decide which path the data should take?How do you cause the network(s) to route the data via this path?

Destination Network(for Operations)

Destination Network(for Command & Control)

Internet

Entertainment

Destination Network(for Entertainment)

Low Rate VHF• Reliable• Low Latency


Aviation Specific Issues• Safety of Life / Safety of Flight

– Time-Critical command and control for Air Traffic Control • Fast convergence time is essential!

• New radio link technologies are “uncertified” for Air Traffic Control / Air Operations Communications (ATC/AOC)

• Regulatory requirements force network design • Three independent network domains

– (required for regulatory, QoS, & security)– Passenger & In-Flight-Entertainment– Airline Operations– Air Traffic Control

• Service providers may be authorized to carry one, two, or all services.

• ATC will be a “closed network”• Multiple security and authentication architectures

Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) RFC5522: “Network Mobility Route Optimization

Requirements forOperational Use in Aeronautics and Space Exploration Mobile

Networks”



Network Partitioning by ServiceArchitecture Example

QoS & Security Service Levels for:• Network Control• Voice over IP• High Priority• Special Projects• General Purpose

NSPs/Airlines/Framers/Suppliers/etc

PIES

Security Perimeter

VOIP

AOC

Networks are logically partitioned.

Many logical networks share a common physical infrastructure.

QoS can be managed by both network & flow

ATC

Net-Mgt& Routing

Data Center

Security Mgt

PIES

Source: Terry L Davis, Boeing

Network Infra.


SATCOM AERO-HH

VHF Voice/DATA

HF Voice/DATA

GateLink

INMARSAT Swift 64

High-Rate Satellite

WiFi Max

Cellular

Future Links

Mobile Router

Operations LAN (Avionics)

Communication and Display

Passenger Services

Air Traffic Management

LAN

Sensor Controller (Optional Display)

NEM0-1 NEMO-2 NEMO-3

Mobile Network 1

Mobile Network 2

Mobile Network 3

Multiplexing at the Router

SATCOM AERO-1

Policy-baseLink Access



Policy-Based Link Access, Critical Link Active

High speed link

int2

int3

Routing Policy

Routing Policy

int1Low latency link

Reliable linkATC

ATCATC

ATCAOC

AOC

P-DATA

P-DATA

P-DATAHome Agent

Mobile Router



Policy-Based Link Access, Passengers Link Active

High speed link

int2

int3

Routing Policy

Routing Policy

Home Agentint1

Low latency link

Reliable link

ATC

ATC

ATC

AOC

AOCAOC

P-DATA

P-DATA

P-DATA

P-DATA

P-DATAP-DATAMobile Router



Space-Based

Network Centric Operations Research


GRC Network & Architectures Branch • 1st to demonstrate and deploy secure mobile networking in

an operational government network, the US Coast Guard – (Used SeaTel / Globalstar 8 muxed phone antenna system)

• 1st and only group to deploy Mobile-IP Mobile networking on a space-based asset, the Cisco router in Low Earth Orbit (CLEO)

• 1st to deploy Internet Protocol security (IPsec) and Internet Protocol version 6 (Ipv6) on a space-base asset.

• 1st to deploy delay/disruption network technology bundling protocol in space.

• 1st and only group to demonstrate space-based large file transfers over multiple ground stations using Delay Tolerant Networking (DTN) bundling. Experiments exercised proactive and reactive bundle fragmentation and International interoperability using standard Internet protocols.

Our Facilities are Global and Beyond!



VMOC

NOCNOCNOC

6

Stored data transferred to ground

Sensor

1Seismic Sensor alerts VMOC

5

Space Sensor acquires data (e.g. image)

44

4

4

Network Control Center Configures Spacecraft via VMOC

VMOC negotiates for ground station services

VMOC negotiates for ground station services

2 2

VMOC negotiates for Space Assets

3

3

Network Control Center Configures Ground Assets

Network Control Center Configures Ground Assets

Stored data transferred to ground (Large file transfer over multiple ground stations)

7

Secure Autonomous Integrated Controller for Distributed Sensor Webs


HomeAgent(GRC)

US Army Space & Missile Defense Battle LabColorado Springs

Segovia NOC

Multi-User Ground Station (MUGS)Colorado Springs, CO

SSTLGuildford England

VMOC-1(GRC)

Open Internet

VMOCDatabase

ExperimentsWorkstationSatellite

Scheduler& Controller

National Institute for Information and Communication Technology (NICT)Koganei, Japan

Universal Space NetworksGround Network Alaska, Hawaii and Australia

UK-DMC/CLEO

Network Configuration



Cisco MAR3251 on UK-DMC

Internet

native IPv6 between routers

native IPv4

frame relay DLCI 17 – unencrypted ‘clear’ link

frame relay DLCI 18 – encrypted link

8.1Mbps from satellite

9600bps to satellite

SSTL ground station LAN,carrying IPv4 and IPv6 over Ethernet

2621router

PIXfirewall

IPv4 IPsec encryption between routers

IPv4

secured IPv6 in 6-over-4 tunnel over IPv4 IPsec

IPv6 in 6-over-4 tunnel in Mobile IPv4 tunnel to Home Agent

6-over-4 tunnel for non-mobile IP traffic

Secure VPN tunnel

NASAGlenn HomeAgent

IPv6 in 6-over-4 tunnel in Mobile IP as above, if IPsec link is preferred and used instead

Mobile IPv4

IPv4

IPv6

IPv4 IPsec

Mobile IPv4 tunnel Private 192.x addressing Public addressingPrivate 192.x addressing

Cisco Router in Low Earth Orbit(GRC/SSTL/CLEO IPv6/IPv4 Tunnels)

PIXfirewall



International Multi-organizational Network Centric Operations “Proposed” Security Research

• Intrusion Detection• Penetration Testing• Ground Rules

– What Information will be shared regarding security implementations?

– What degree of probing will be allowed?– What information will be shared regarding probing

techniques?– What information will be shared regarding vulnerabilities

found?

• Leave Markers?– How and to whom will this information be reported?

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