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presented topresented to
Southeast Florida FSUTMS Users GroupSoutheast Florida FSUTMS Users Group
presented bypresented by
Don VaryDon VaryCambridge Systematics, Inc.Cambridge Systematics, Inc.
November 2, 2007November 2, 2007
Assessment of Southeast Florida Road User Costs
2
Agenda
Project Overview
Review of Methodologies
Values Developed
3
Assessment of Road User CostsProject Overview
District 4 starts to build economic assessment framework
Develop localized and statewide values for
• Travel time
• Vehicle operating costs
• Transit being considered separately
Develop flexible spreadsheet applications
Assess localized travel costs in construction zones
4
Project Overview
Steps
• Conduct literature reviews
• Determine key markets, factors
• Conduct data review, collection, analysis
• Develop values ($/mile)
• Conduct workshops− Methodology
− User group
5
VO
CV
OC
Development of Vehicle Operating Costs Methodology for Auto and Truck VOCs
NationalNational
StateState
LocalLocal
SourcesSources Adjustment FactorsAdjustment FactorsCost Cost ParametersParameters
Fuel CostsFuel Costs
DepreciationDepreciation
FinanceFinance
Fuel TaxFuel Tax
Sales TaxSales Tax
Licensing and Licensing and RegistrationRegistration
TiresTires
Maintenance Maintenance and Repairsand Repairs
InsuranceInsurance
City/Highway City/Highway ConditionsConditions
SpeedSpeed
6
Vehicle Operating Costs Methodology – Basic Parameters/Assumptions
Vehicle class types
• Autos – compact, mid-size, large, minivan, SUV
• Trucks – single-unit and combination-unit
Driving range
• Auto – 12,000-15,000 miles per year
• Truck – 100,00 miles per year
Driving conditions
• Operations in urban setting (35 mph)
Vehicle age
• Autos – 10-year old vehicle
• Trucks – costs averaged over 5 years @ 100,000 miles/year
7
Vehicle Operating Costs Methodology – Fuel Costs, Consumption Rates
Fuel prices
• Energy Information Administration
Consumption rates
• Auto – www.fueleconomy.gov
• Truck – MDOT VOC study
Small Size VehicleSmall Size Vehicle(mpg)(mpg)
Medium Size Vehicles Medium Size Vehicles (mpg)(mpg)
Large Size Vehicles Large Size Vehicles (mpg)(mpg)
Overall Fuel Efficiency Overall Fuel Efficiency (mpg)(mpg)
31.231.2 23.823.8 20.720.7 24.824.8
$0.074/mile$0.074/mile $0.096/mile$0.096/mile $0.11//mile$0.11//mile $0.097/mile$0.097/mile
Single-UnitSingle-Unit Truck (mpg)Truck (mpg) Combination-Unit Truck (mpg)Combination-Unit Truck (mpg)
99 6.56.5
$0.248/mile$0.248/mile $0.343/mile$0.343/mile
Consumption Rates and Costs/Mile
8
Maintenance and Repairs Methodology – Costs/Mile
Contacted dealerships
Function of
• Cost of oil/filter changes (3K)
• Regular tune-ups (30K)
• Prevailing shop rates
Single-Unit TruckSingle-Unit Truck Combination-Unit TruckCombination-Unit Truck
$0.063 (11.2%)$0.063 (11.2%) $0.084 (10.7%)$0.084 (10.7%)
Small Size VehicleSmall Size Vehicle Medium Size VehiclesMedium Size Vehicles Large Size VehiclesLarge Size Vehicles
$0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.03 $0.04 $0.04
Cost per Mile
9
Tires Methodology – Costs per Mile
Contacted local dealerships
Function of
• Mileage between changes (45K)
• Cost of new tire set
• Statewide and local wage rates
Small Size VehicleSmall Size Vehicle Medium Size VehiclesMedium Size Vehicles Large Size VehiclesLarge Size Vehicles
$0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.01 $0.02 $0.02
Single-Unit TruckSingle-Unit Truck Combination-Unit TruckCombination-Unit Truck
$0.030 (5.3%)$0.030 (5.3%) $0.040 (5.1%)$0.040 (5.1%)
Cost per Mile
10
InsuranceMethodology – Cost per Mile
Allstate – quotes for leased and owned vehicleby vehicle type
Auto and truck
• Average uses
• Standard policies
Small Size Vehicle Medium Size Vehicles Large Size Vehicles
$0.10 $0.09 $0.09
Single-Unit Truck Combination-Unit Truck
$0.013 (2.3%) $0.064 (8.1%)
Cost per Mile
11
DepreciationMethodology – Cost per Mile
Autos – Based on Kelly Blue Book
Function of age and mileage based depreciation by region
Information collected by vehicle class and brand name
Trucks – MNDOT Study (5-8 cents/mile)
Small Size Vehicle Medium Size Vehicles Large Size Vehicles
$0.16 $0.17 $0.25
Single-Unit Truck Combination-Unit Truck
$0.05/mile $0.08/mile
Cost per Mile
12
Finance Charges Methodology – Costs per Mile
Capital One
Interest rates
• Autos – 4.39%
• Trucks – 11.0%
Small Size VehicleSmall Size Vehicle Medium Size VehiclesMedium Size Vehicles Large Size VehiclesLarge Size Vehicles
$0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.04 $0.06 $0.06
Single-Unit TruckSingle-Unit Truck Combination-Unit TruckCombination-Unit Truck
$0.013 (2.3%)$0.013 (2.3%) $0.036 (4.6%)$0.036 (4.6%)
Cost per Mile
13
License and Registration FeesMethodology and Fee, Costs per Mile
Local tax collection offices
• Differ by weight
• Other components are a flat fee
Single-Unit TruckSingle-Unit Truck Combination-Unit TruckCombination-Unit Truck
$165.60$165.60 $175.60$175.60
$0.001 (0.2%)$0.001 (0.2%) $0.001 (0.1%)$0.001 (0.1%)
Small SizeSmall Size Medium Size VehicleMedium Size Vehicle Large Size VehicleLarge Size Vehicle
$157.60 $157.60 $157.60 $157.60 $165.60 $165.60
$0.003$0.003 $0.003$0.003 $0.004 $0.004
Fee and Cost per Mile
14
TaxesMethodology
Local option gas tax
• Localize state gas figures to counties
• Florida transportation tax source primer on county tax rates
Sales tax
• Florida Department of Revenue
• Incorporate tax into finance charges
15
Low-Range Vehicle Operating Costs-Southeast Florida Results
$5,188$5,112$4,645$4,467$3,827$3,930Annual Total Vehicle Operating Cost
0.4320.4260.3870.3720.3190.327Total Vehicle Operating Cost
0.0040.0030.0030.0030.0030.003License and Registration
0.0230.0240.0230.0230.0230.023Finance Charges
0.1890.1880.1810.1640.1270.124Depreciation
0.0680.0680.0640.0650.0710.081Insurance
0.0180.0120.0090.0090.0100.010Tires
0.0310.0310.0310.0240.0240.017Maintenance and Repairs
0.0210.0210.0160.0170.0130.014Fuel Tax
0.0790.0790.0610.0660.0490.055Fuel Cost
$/ mile
15,00015,00015,00015,00015,00015,000Mileage per year
HighwayHighwayHighwayHighwayHighwayHighwayCity/Highway Condition
454545454545Speed (mph)
101010101010Vehicle Age (Years)
LLLLLLPurchase (P) or Lease (L)
Ford F150 Regular Cab XL 4x4
Jeep Grand Cherokee 4x4 Laredo
Toyota Sienna LE
Mercury Grand Marquis GS
Honda Accord LX
Volkswagen Golf GLS
Vehicle Brand
PickupSUVMinivanLarge Car
Mid-size Car
Compact CarVehicle Class
Attributes
16
$78,800$56,198Annual Total Vehicle Operating Cost
$0.788$0.563Total Vehicle Operating Cost
$0.001 (0.1%)$0.001 (0.2%)License and Registration
$0.036 (4.6%)$0.013 (2.3%)Finance Charges
$0.130(16.5 %)$0.130 (23.1%)Depreciation
$0.064 (8.1 %)$0.013(2.3%)Insurance
$0.040 (5.1%)$0.030 (5.3%)Tires
$0.084 (10.7%)$0.063 (11.2%)Maintenance and Repairs
$0.090 (11.4%)$0.065 (11.5%)Fuel Tax
$0.343(43.5%)$0.248 (44.0%)Fuel Cost
Cost/mile
100,000100,000Mileage per year
CityCityCity/Highway Condition
4545Speed (mph)
55Vehicle Lifespan (Years)
Combination-Unit Truck
Single-Unit Truck
Vehicle Class
Attributes
Proposed Truck Operating CostsSoutheast Florida Results
17
Spreadsheet CalculatorVOC Variables
Vehicle mix
Annual average mileage
Average vehicle lifespan
Stop-and-go scenarios –city or highway conditions
Average speed scenarios
Tires change frequency scenarios
Tires change costs per job
Oil change frequency scenarios
Oil change costs per job
Maintenance and repairs frequency scenarios
Maintenance and repairs costs per job
Fuel costs
Fuel taxes
Fuel economy
License and registration costs
Sales taxes
Finance rates and charges
Vehicle life span
Annual insurance costs
18
Development of Travel Time Values Methodology
Determine Determine MarketsMarkets
Develop Develop Generalized Generalized
ValuesValues
Develop Develop Localized Localized
ValuesValues
Validate/TestValidate/Test
Reconcile Reconcile with VOC with VOC MarketsMarkets
Literature ReviewLiterature Review
Income/Wage DataIncome/Wage Data
SurveySurvey
Traffic CountsTraffic Counts
ApplyApplyModel Post ProcessorModel Post ProcessorSketch PlanningSketch Planning
19
MethodologyPotential Market Segmentations
Segmentation TypeSegmentation Type Sample Segmentation DetailsSample Segmentation Details
AgeAge 15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55+15-24, 25-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55+
Attitudinal Attitudinal Characteristics of TravelerCharacteristics of Traveler
Sensitivity to Pricing, Time Savings, Sensitivity to Pricing, Time Savings, Stress, etc.Stress, etc.
GenderGender Male, FemaleMale, Female
IncomeIncome Personal, HouseholdPersonal, Household
IndustryIndustry Private, Government, etc.Private, Government, etc.
Level of EmploymentLevel of Employment Full-Time, Part-Time, Unemployed, Full-Time, Part-Time, Unemployed, Self-Employed, Housewife, Student, RetiredSelf-Employed, Housewife, Student, Retired
ModeMode Bus, Truck, Auto, Transit, In/Out-VehicleBus, Truck, Auto, Transit, In/Out-Vehicle
OccupationOccupation Sales, Professional, Clerical, Precision, Sales, Professional, Clerical, Precision, Production and Crafts, etc.Production and Crafts, etc.
Purpose of TravelPurpose of Travel Business, Personal, Commute, Business, Personal, Commute, Home-to-Work, Home-to-OtherHome-to-Work, Home-to-Other
Time-of-DayTime-of-Day Peak, Off-PeakPeak, Off-Peak(continued next slide)
20
MethodologyPotential Market Segmentations (continued)
Segmentation TypeSegmentation Type Sample Segmentation DetailsSample Segmentation Details
Travel TimeTravel Time
Trip DistanceTrip Distance
Truck – Truck – Driver Payment MethodDriver Payment Method Hourly, OtherHourly, Other
Truck – Fleet TypeTruck – Fleet Type For-Hire, PrivateFor-Hire, Private
Truck – LoadTruck – Load Truck Load, Less-than-Truck LoadTruck Load, Less-than-Truck Load
Type of Development Type of Development Urban, RuralUrban, Rural
Type of TravelType of Travel Local, Intercity, Carpool, Alone, Local, Intercity, Carpool, Alone, Passenger, DriverPassenger, Driver
Vehicle ClassVehicle Class Small Auto, Light Truck, Heavy Truck, Small Auto, Light Truck, Heavy Truck, 4-Axle Combination, etc.4-Axle Combination, etc.
No SegmentationNo Segmentation
21
Value of Time by Market for Personal Travel
50%$10.58/Hour$10.83/HourPersonal Personal (visitor)(visitor)
50%$10.58/Hour$10.83/HourPersonal Personal (local)(local)
60%$12.69/Hour$13.01/HourCommuterCommuter
$43,994$45,061Wage-all Wage-all IndustriesIndustries
Percent Percent of Wage of Wage
RateRateSoutheast Southeast
FloridaFloridaNationalNational
Source: US Census National Income and Product Account.
AASHTO Red Book.
Values in 2004 dollars
22
Value of Time for On-the-Clock Travel
$25.80/Hour $25.80/Hour $27.19/Hour $27.19/Hour Total ($2004) Total ($2004)
$22.24 $22.24 $23.44 $23.44 Hourly ($2000) Hourly ($2000)
$46,621$46,621$48,753 $48,753 Total Compensation ($2000) Total Compensation ($2000)
$35,585 $35,585 $37,502 $37,502 Wages ($2000) Wages ($2000)
FloridaFloridaAverageAverage
SoutheastSoutheastNationalNational
On the Clock TTV ComponentOn the Clock TTV Component
Source: National Income and Products Accounts,Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Census Bureau.
Values in 2004 dollars
23
Value of Time and Proportion of Travelby Trip Purpose
$12.10$12.1010%10%0%0%90%90%0%0%Nonhome-basedNonhome-based
$11.34 $11.34 5%5%0%0%95%95%0%0%Home-based UnknownHome-based Unknown
$12.10$12.1010%10%0%0%90%90%0%0%Home-based OtherHome-based Other
$10.59$10.590%0%5%5%95%95%0%0%Home-based Home-based Social/RecreationalSocial/Recreational
$10.58$10.580%0%0%0%100%100%0%0%Home-based SchoolHome-based School
$10.59 $10.59 0%0%5%5%95%95%0%0%Home-based ShoppingHome-based Shopping
$12.69 $12.69 0%0%0%0%0%0%100%100%Home-based WorkHome-based Work
$25.80 $25.80 $10.83 $10.83 $10.58 $10.58 $12.69 $12.69
AverageAverageOn-the-On-the-ClockClock
Visitor Visitor PersonalPersonal
Local Local PersonalPersonalCommuteCommute
Source: National Income and Products Accounts,Bureau of Economic Analysis, U.S. Census Bureau.
Values in 2004 dollars
24
9:00-9:00-11:30 a.m.11:30 a.m.
1:30-1:30-4:30 p.m.4:30 p.m.
Value of Time and Proportion of Travel by Time-of-Day
$11.63$11.63$11.92 $11.92 $11.92 $11.92 $11.82 $11.82 $11.79 $11.79 $11.76 $11.76 AverageAverage
16%16%22%22%32%32%46%46%32%32%16%16%Nonhome-basedNonhome-based
1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%1%0%0%Home-based Home-based UnknownUnknown
25%25%21%21%21%21%20%20%25%25%20%20%Home-based Home-based OtherOther
16%16%8%8%6%6%5%5%7%7%3%3%Home-based Home-based Social/Social/RecreationalRecreational
3%3%5%5%10%10%3%3%3%3%16%16%Home-based Home-based SchoolSchool
13%13%11%11%11%11%14%14%16%16%3%3%Home-based Home-based ShoppingShopping
25%25%32%32%20%20%11%11%16%16%40%40%Home-based Home-based WorkWork
OtherOther4:30-4:30-
6:30 p.m6:30 p.m11:30 a.m.-11:30 a.m.-1:30 p.m.1:30 p.m.
6:30-6:30-9:00 a.m.9:00 a.m.
Source: Southeast Florida Home Interview Survey.
25
Combination-Combination-Unit TrucksUnit Trucks
Distribution of Traffic and TTVs by Functional Classification
$11.39$11.392.1%2.1%1.6%1.6%0.4%0.4%95.9%95.9%Urban CollectorUrban Collector
$11.19$11.190.8%0.8%1.2%1.2%0.2%0.2%97.8%97.8%Urban Minor ArterialUrban Minor Arterial
$11.26$11.261.0%1.0%1.7%1.7%0.2%0.2%97.1%97.1%Urban Other Principal ArterialUrban Other Principal Arterial
$11.52$11.522.7%2.7%2.2%2.2%0.5%0.5%94.7%94.7%Urban Principal Arterial – Other Urban Principal Arterial – Other Frwys/ExprswysFrwys/Exprswys
$11.80$11.804.8%4.8%2.4%2.4%0.6%0.6%92.2%92.2%Principal Arterial – InterstatePrincipal Arterial – Interstate
$12.22$12.227.1%7.1%3.7%3.7%0.3%0.3%88.9%88.9%Rural Major CollectorRural Major Collector
$11.72$11.723.6%3.6%2.9%2.9%0.2%0.2%93.2%93.2%Rural Minor ArterialRural Minor Arterial
$12.12$12.127.0%7.0%2.9%2.9%0.4%0.4%89.7%89.7%Rural Principal Arterial – OtherRural Principal Arterial – Other
$13.22$13.2216.6%16.6%2.8%2.8%0.6%0.6%80.1%80.1%Rural Principal Arterial – Rural Principal Arterial – InterstateInterstate
TTVsTTVsSingle-UnitSingle-Unit
TrucksTrucksBusesBusesPersonal Personal VehiclesVehicles
Source: FDOT District 4 Traffic Monitoring System.
26
Distribution of Traffic and TTVs by Vehicle Classification
$31.10$31.10$31.10$31.10$118.55$118.55$19.86$19.86Total Vehicle TTVTotal Vehicle TTV
1.21.21.21.210.1510.151.571.57Average OccupancyAverage Occupancy
$25.80$25.80$25.80$25.80$11.68$11.68$12.65$12.65Per-Person TTVPer-Person TTV
100%100%100%100%5%5%10%10%On-the-ClockOn-the-Clock
10%10%10%10%Visitor/PersonalVisitor/Personal
70%70%55%55%Local/PersonalLocal/Personal
15%15%25%25%CommuteCommute
Combination-Combination-Unit TrucksUnit Trucks
Single-UnitSingle-UnitTrucksTrucksBusesBuses
Personal Personal VehiclesVehicles
Source: National Household Travel Survey, National Transit Database, Team consensus
27
SEFRUC Survey
Telephone survey administrated to random samplingof 5,000 households in Southeast Florida
200 completed surveys
Calls made early evening/late evening weekdays/weekends
Questions related to
• Socioeconomic characteristics
• Trip making characteristics
• Stated preference questions
28
SEFRUC Survey Results 2004 Dollars
Travel time values for all trips fall in the range of $8-$12
• Consistent with previous findings from national sources that have been adjusted for use in Southeast Florida
Respondents attach a higher value to work trips than nonwork trips
• $12 versus $8, when un-weighted, or
• $10.30 and $7.40 when weighted by age distribution in the population
Higher income respondents have a higher value of time than lower-income residents
• $7.80 versus $16.70 un-weighted by age distribution, or
• $7.90 and $11.20 when weighted by age distributionin the population
29
RUC for Construction Projects
TTI – 1999 study• Used MicroBenCost• Lookup tables
− Texas conditions− Cost per day per mile,
10% trucks
• VOC values− $12/hour for Texas ($11 for Florida)
OHIO – Construction Incentive Program• $1.6K/day (32.5K maximum)
Florida – D5 bonuses• SR 434 $7K/day ($600K maximum)• I-4 Polk County $10K/day ($2M maximum)
ADTADT
Rural Rural 4-Lane4-Lane
Suburban Suburban 4-Lane4-Lane
VOC + TTV Cost per day per mile
20,000 5,800 6,800
50,000 15,800 20,600