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Webinar Series Jeffrey D. Decker President / Owner Decker Consulting & Investigations, Inc.
Webinar SeriesJeffrey D. Decker
President / Owner
Decker Consulting & Investigations, Inc.
Proudly Offering You Quality and Reliability!
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Fall Hazards &
Protection
DECKERConsulting & Investigations, Inc.
OSHA Walking &
Working Surfaces
A ConAgra employee is dead… the man
had been working inside the building on a
lift that was more than 60 feet high before
falling to his death.
AMARILLO -- A grain
elevator is being sued
…woman who fell to her
death there…more than
80-feet… the owner of the
building …didn't put up
no trespassing signs, or
maintain the building to
keep the standards safe…
4
Identify
the
Hazards
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Lanyard wrapped
around itself on
angle iron
Missing body
Harness
Lanyard wrapped
around itself on
individual
Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
Slips occur due to:
▪ Wet or oily spills; leaks
▪ Materials & debris in walkways
▪ Loose, irregular surfaces - gravel, grain
▪ Footwear – wet, mud, grease, not slip resistant
▪ Sloped, uneven, muddy terrain
▪ Weather hazards
▪ Environmental – poor lighting, bulky PPE
▪ Human – age, eyesight, physical condition, drugs
Slips
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Trips occur due to:
▪ Uneven floor/working surfaces
▪ Changes in elevation or levels
▪ Protruding objects
▪ Irregularities, holes, depressions
▪ Steps – damaged, non-uniform, improper, irregular
▪ Debris, objects, obstacles in the way
▪ Environmental & Human factors
▪ Environmental conditions & Human factors
Trips
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Hazard Identification
Trip Hazard
Poor Housekeeping
Abatement of Hazards
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Covering
over cables,
wires, cords.
Hang cords, cables, etc.
Good housekeeping
0.5 seconds = 4 feet
1 second = 16 feet
2 seconds = 64 feet
Falls
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2 Types of Falls
▪ Same Level
▪ Elevated
Same Level Falls
▪ Most common
▪ Slips & trips on a
working surface
▪ Hit an object
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Elevated Falls
▪ Lower frequency - higher severity
▪ Over 60% are less than 10 ft.
• From elevation/ground level to lower levels
• Through existing floor openings
▪ Fall protection at 4 feet*
• Over dangerous equipment and machinery
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Elevated Falls
Ladders
Stairways
Floor openings
Elevated working surfaces
▪Big culprits
▪Poor design
▪Poor maintenance
▪ Improper use
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Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
Railings & Toe boards
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▪ 42” height
▪ Mid-rail 21” height
▪ Minimum 200 lbs
top rail pressure
▪ Toe board• 4 inch height
• ¼ inch off surface
• Secure
▪ Structural Steel• 2”x2”x3/8” angle
Railing – Hazard Identification
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Toe board too high
Rebar – 200 lb strength?
Missing
Toe board
Projection Hazard?
Rebar - 200 lb strength?
Transitions
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Old catwalk &
conveyor
New catwalk &
conveyor
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Floor Openings
When cover removed:▪ Constantly attended by
person OR
▪ Removable standard
railing
Unguarded opening ▪ Standard railing & toe
board
▪ Floor hold cover
Floor hole railings
Floor hole cover▪ Meet strength
requirements
▪ Marked for no load
Stairways
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▪ Must be guarded
▪ Standard railing
▪ Railing on all
exposed sides
(except at entrance
to stairway)
Stairway Floor Openings
Fixed Industrial Stairways
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▪Minimum 22” wide
▪Slip resistant
▪Angle of rise 30 - 50°
▪ Railings & handrails• 30”-34” Handrail
• 42” Fall Protection
• Mid-rails
• No open side
▪Platforms• Stair width
• Minimum 30” length
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Fixed Industrial Stairs – ID Hazard
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Choose Correct Ladder
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Portable ladder duty rating
Type IIType IAA
Type IAType I
Type III
▪Type
▪Height
75°
3 feet above
3 point
contact
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1
Tied off
Secured
Ladder Safety
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Spreaders fully
extended & locked
Haul tools
Correct step
Extend ladder 3 feet above the
surface
4:1 ratioEvery 4 ft height
= 1 ft out75° angle
3 point contact Face ladderNo top step
Don’t use ladders that are
broken
Tie off at top
Secure bottom
Never carry tools or
materials on ladder
Spreaders fully opened &
locked
Ladder
Safety
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Wire attachment
on both side legs
Top surface
3 points of contact?
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New OSHA Walking & Working Surfaces
▪ Ladders over 24’
Require Fall
Protection System
▪ Maximum 150’
Platform Intervals
▪ Cage Is No
Longer A Safety
Device
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Deceleration Devices
CableCourtesy of Seedboro
Courtesy of GFAI
Honeywell – Miller
Fall Protection
▪Requires less than 2 feet to
arrest free falls.
▪Drum wound line.
▪Automatically locks during fall.
▪Allows movement.
▪Anchor above user.
Fall limiter
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Use connector to attach to body harness.
Deceleration Devices
Lifeline enters top of
grab here
▪ Travels on lifeline.
▪ Ascend & descend
sloped surfaces or
ladders.
▪ Automatically
engages lifeline.
▪ Locks to stop fall.Elcosh
Fixed Ladder Rail System
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Wire Rope Grabs
▪ Harness w/ Front Attachment Point▪ 9” Maximum Connector Length
Ladders - Bin Access Opening
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Ladder sides folded
together.Worker
standing
here to enter
feet first into
the opening.
Proper ladder position
Spreaders
▪ fully extended▪ locked
Hazard Identification
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Incorrect Use
▪ Straddling
▪ Using top steps
▪ Facing away from
ladder
Spreaders not
open & locked
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Hazard Identification
No railings. Improper access.
Over machinery.
Ladder type?
Extend ladder.
Corroded base.
Entry Hatch
Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
Fall Protection
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Fall Protection
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Fall
Pro
tect
ion
Fall Protection
System
Fall Restraint System
Passive System Railings, etc
Active System Personal Fall
Restraint SystemPFRS
RestraintPPE & Restraint
Line
PositioningPPE &
Positioning Device
Fall Arrest System
Active System Personal Fall Arrest System
PFAS
Fall Arrest(PPE) &
Deceleration Device
Personal Fall
Protection
Full Body Harness(PPE)
Personal Fall Protection
▪ Straps secure around person
▪ Distribute fall-arrest forces evenly• Thighs, pelvis, waist, chest, & shoulders
▪ Attach to other components of
personal fall protection system
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▪ Fall Restraint System• Prevents fall from occurring
• Active or Passive
▪ Fall Arrest System• Stops a free fall
• Active
Fall Protection Systems
Fall Protection – Restraint
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Restraint device
is lanyard.
Person cannot
go over edge.
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Fall Protection - Restraint
Positioning Devices
Lifeline must be secured.
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▪ Anchor Points
• Top
• Side
▪ Slack Control
• Observer manages
• Mechanical device
Holding lifeline or tying lifeline to bin is
& .
Kootenay
SS Pulley
(Knot-Passing)
SS Prusik
Minding
Pulley
Clothesline -
8mm Prusik
Chord½” Lifeline
Extractor
CSR Hauler
Components
of Grain
Engulfment
Prevention
System
Belay Line
Fall Protection Systems
Stops free fall. Protects AFTER fall occurs.
▪ Use - fall possibility; suspension work.
▪ Only use when:• Work cannot be completed in another way.
• Other fall prevention cannot be used or not feasible.
▪ Personal Fall Protection System (PFAS) – Active• ABCDs – anchor, body harness, connector,
deceleration devices.
• Use of body belt for fall arrest is prohibited.
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Fall Protection - Arrest
▪ Maximum free fall 6 feet
▪ Complete stop ≤ 3 ½ feet
▪ Maximum arresting force - 1800 lbs*
▪ Anchor – 5,000 lbs or 2X safety factor
▪ Written work procedures
▪ Emergency action plan
▪ Employee Training
Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
Personal Fall Protection Systems
▪ Anchor
▪ Body Harness
▪ Connectors & Connection Devices
• Snaphooks, D-rings, Carabiners
• Lanyards & Lifelines
▪ Deceleration Devices
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Anchors
▪ 5,000 lbs or 2X anticipated load
▪ Types of attachment
• Fixed Support – permanently or temporarily installed
• Secure Structural Feature
▪ inspect & approve use
• Structural Engineer
• Qualified Professional
▪ attach to a ladder side rail or rung
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Full Body Harness
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BACK VIEWFRONT VIEW
Back D-Ring
Fall Protection
only
Side D-ring
work positioning
only
Side
D-Ring
Side
D-Ring
Photos courtesy of MSA Safety
Connectors
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▪ connect 2 snap
hooks or carabiners
together.
*Unless designed to do so by manufacturer.
▪ connect snap hook
back on its integral lanyard.*
▪ attach 2 or more snap hooks or
carabiners to one D-ring.
Connectors
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▪ load a carabiner or
snap hook at the gate.
▪ ensure connections
are compatible and secure.
▪ ensure snap hook is
closed and locked.
▪ use non self-locking &
self-closing snap hooks.
Lanyards – Shock Absorbing
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Courtesy of Seedboro
Courtesy of MSA
Courtesy of MSA
NEVER tie a knot into a lanyard.
Reduces strength by 50%.
Courtesy of GFAI
Courtesy of GFAI
Courtesy of Elcosh
Y - Lanyard
Y - Lanyard
▪ Continually “tied off”
▪ Move from one anchor to another.
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Courtesy of SeedboroCourtesy of GFAI
Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
Fall Illustration
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Fall Illustration
▪ Pendulum Effect
▪ Worker swings into
object
▪ Anchor not directly
overhead
▪ Increases fall distance
▪ Never more than 30°
from anchor
Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
▪ height over 4 feet.
▪ No safety cage.
▪ No railing.
• Railing or other system does not meet criteria.
▪ Restraint ONLY when no fall potential exists.
▪ by trained persons.
▪ – Never alone.
When to Use
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Use equipment as directed by the
manufacturer.
Rescue
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▪ Rescue Plan
▪ Trained in self-rescue
▪ Stabilize suspended fall victims immediately.
▪ Suspension trauma
• Initial shock 5-20 minutes
• Unconsciousness
• Death can occur in 30 minutes
Common Sources of
Entanglement Hazards
Storage
▪ Store in a cool, dry place.
▪ exposure to direct sunlight.
▪ areas with following:
• Heat
• Moisture
• Light
• Oil
• Chemicals (or their vapors)
• Other degrading elements
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Care
▪ Clean with mild
detergent & water.
• Remove surface dirt by
brushing off.
• Scrub to work up lather.
• Wipe off lather.
▪ Dry
• Hang away from heat,
steam, long periods of
sunlight.
• Towel dry housing.
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Inspection
▪ Follow manufacturer’s inspection instructions OR
• Have equivalent procedures
▪ Person(s) authorized & specifically trained to
annually inspect.
▪ Document all inspections.
▪ Best practice for farm operations.
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Manufacture date.
Generally 5 year expiration.
Defects
• tag out.
(Do Not Use)
• from service for
repair or replacement.
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use equipment showing damage.
When in doubt, throw it out!
Previous Impact
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use equipment subjected
to previous impact loading!
▪ be immediately removed from
service.
▪ be used again for
employee protection:
• Until inspected
• Determined by qualified person to be
undamaged and suitable for reuse. Honeywell Miller Fall Protection
Flag
Shock
Absorber
REMEMBER!!!
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Do NOT Use Any Personal Fall Restraint /
Arrest Equipment For Any Other Purpose
Other Than Human Life Support. Your
LIFE Depends On It!
Safety Is No Accident!
Take the Time!
or
You May Not Have It?
Protect our most valuable resource
Our Workers!For more information visit GrainSafety.org or
StandUp4grainsafety.org
Thank You!
