President Washington Takes Charge

How did Washington further establish the foundation for the US government?

Washington becomes the first president Elected by the electoral college ALL 69 electors cast one vote for Washington Only 10 states voted Second votes were divided among 11

candidates John Adams was the runner-up with 34 votes

(VP) Twelfth Amendment changed this process by

requiring each elector to cast separate votes

Election of 1788

Washington’s Inauguration- April 30, 1789

Federal Hall, Wall Street, NYC

First to do: Create a bureaucracy Create a judicial system Raise money

FIRST ITEM: BILL OF RIGHTS (1791)

President Washington Takes Charge

James Madison created the Bill of Rights (1791)

Included Ninth Amendment stating any rights not

specifically stated in the Constitution are still protected

Tenth Amendment stating any powers not given to the national government go to the states

Safeguarding Liberty

JUDICIARY ACT OF 1789 Organization of the Supreme Court

1 Chief Justice, 5 Associate Justices 16 Lower Courts Prosecuting Attorneys Marshall Service Office of the Attorney General (Edmund

Randolph)

Creating a Judiciary System

Executive departments created to deal with most pressing issues

Creation of Executive Cabinet Secretary of State- Thomas Jefferson Secretary of War- Henry Knox Secretary of Treasury- Alexander Hamilton

Organizing a Bureaucracy

Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton Shape fiscal policies to help the wealthier

class, who in turn would lend the government money and trickle down to lower classes

Strengthen National Credit by: Paying off Foreign Debt-$54 million Assume State Debts-$21.5 million

States with large debt thrilled (MA) States with small debt reluctant (VA)

Economic Policies

VA would agree to assumption of debt, in exchange for National capital set up along the Potomac River (Washington D.C.)

Compromise

National debt = “national blessing” to unify the country

Where would nation receive $ to pay interest and keep government running? Tariff Revenue to pay interest

Tariff of 1789 (8% tax on imports) Excise Tax in 1791 (whiskey)

Customs, Duties, & Excise Taxes

Many backcountry corn farmers were upset about the whiskey excise tax, since it was their main source of income

In 1794, farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax

The farmers beat up federal marshals in Pittsburgh and threatened to secede from the union

Whiskey Rebellion

Secretary Hamilton & President Washington looked upon the Whiskey Rebellion as an opportunity for the federal government to show that it could enforce the law along the western frontier

13,000 militiamen were called upon to stop the rebellion

The federal troops hiked over the Alleghenies, and scattered the rebels without the loss of a single life

Enforcement of Federal Power

Hamilton pushed for the creation of a Bank of the United States Purpose:

Issue paper money Establish branches in various cities Handle all government money Invest

The National Bank

Chartered in 1791 for 20 years in Philadelphia

Bank of the United States

South Make Northerners rich Strict interpretation of the U.S. Constitution

North Favored a national bank Loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution

National Bank-Support and Opposition

Alexander Hamilton v.

Political Parties Formed

Thomas Jefferson

Personal Feud between Hamilton and Jefferson Developed into two-party system

Democratic- Republicans: led by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson

Federalists: led by Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton

Political Parties Formed

Main issues dividing the two parties:

Democratic- RepublicansFederalists

-Strong state gov’ts -Strong central gov’t-Strict interpretation -Loose interpretationof Constitution of Constitution-Farming economy -Industrial

economy

Two Party SystemRepublicans v. Federalists