Presidential Reconstruction (1865-67)
radical and moderate Republicansradical
ideological
federal government
suffrage
land redistribution
radical and moderate Republicansradical moderates
ideological pragmatic
federal government state government
suffrage civil rights
land redistribution civil rights
Congress and the President
• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill
Congress and the President
• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866
Congress and the President
• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both
Congress and the President
• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both• Congress overrides vetoes
Congress and the President
• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both• Congress overrides vetoes• Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment
Congressional Reconstruction(1867-77)
Congress and the President
• Congress passes Freedmen’s Bureau Bill• Congress passes Civil Rights Bill of 1866• Johnson vetoes both• Congress overrides vetoes• Congress passes the Fourteenth Amendment• Congress passes the Reconstruction Act of
1867
territories, radical Reconstruction (1868)
Reconstruction Act of 1867
• new state constitutional conventions• delegates must sign iron-clad oath• constitution must provide manhood suffrage• state legislature must ratify fourteenth
amendment
reconstruction plans and policiesLincoln Wade Davis Johnson Republicans
returning to citizenship
oath (pardons: high officials)
oath (pardons: high officials)
oath (pardons: high officials/ rich planters)
oath
resuming suffrage
with citizenship iron-clad oath with citizenship iron-clad oath
recreating state gov
10% of voters 50% of voters no need to recreate
need to recreate
rewriting state constitution
republican form of gov/ respecting current laws about slavery
renounce slavery and secession
renounce slavery and secession; repudiate Confederate debt
ratify 14th amendment; endorse manhood suffrage
the Fifteenth Amendment
The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation
African-American men voting for the first time
African-American Officeholding
African-American delegation to Congress
Blanche K. Bruce and Hiram Revels (first African-American senators)
goals of Republican state governments
• government for all people
goals of Republican state governments
• government for all people– law hospitable to African Americans
goals of Republican state governments
• government for all people– law hospitable to African Americans– public works hospitable to African Americans
goals of Republican state governments
• government for all people• government with new purposes
goals of Republican state governments
• government for all people• government with new purposes– providing aid to the needy
goals of Republican state governments
• government for all people• government with new purposes– providing aid to the needy– creating conditions for economic prosperity
waning northern support for Reconstruction
• longstanding skepticism about federal power
waning northern support for Reconstruction
• longstanding skepticism about federal power• longstanding desire for sectional reunion
waning northern support for Reconstruction
• longstanding skepticism about federal power• longstanding desire for sectional reunion• partisan interest in white voters (Republicans)
waning northern support for Reconstruction
• longstanding skepticism about federal power• longstanding desire for sectional reunion• partisan interest in white voters (Republicans)• business interest in black laboring class
(Republicans)
Redemption(1869-77)