Gilded Age Progressive Age

1868-1912 Chapters 23-29

Bridget, Chandler, and Shelby

Presidents of the era

Ulysses S Grant 1869-1877 Ratified the 15th amendment Finished the first transcontinental railroad 1869 Money stolen by the tweed ring Railroad paid off congress in the credit mobilizer scandal Whisky ring fraud robbed the treasury of excess tax Grants entire cabinet was corrupt and bribed him with cigars

and wine

Rutherford b Hayes 1877-1881 Reconstruction ends in 1877 Bland-Allison act requiring the treasury to buy silver to circulate

passed in 1878

James Garfield President from March 4 to September 19 1881 He was assassinated by Charles Guiteau and dies 2 weeks later

Chester Arthur 1881-1885 Pendleton act 1883 made the compulsory campaign

contributions from federal employs illegal

Grover  Cleveland 1885-1889 Knights of labor worked to get the 8 hour work day, abolition of

child labor, and equal pay for equal work 1886 Haymarket riot was a labor riot that turned violent killing 8

people its looked at as a set back for labor 1886 Interstate commerce act making railroads the first industry

subject to federal regulation in 1887

Benjamin Harrison 1889-1893 Sherman anti trust act tied to restrict tusts1890 North Dakota South Dakota Montana Washington becomes states

1889 Idaho and Wyoming become states 1890 McKinley tariff increased the tariff on imported goods 1890 Sherman act which attempted to stop trusts passed in 1890 

Grover Cleveland 1893-1997  Panic of 1893 due to the collapse of the railroad overbuilding Hawaiian incident 1893 was the annexation of Hawaii without

the approval of queen Liluokalani Venezuela boundary affair 1895 the arbitration of Cleveland in

a dispute over gold in Venezuela and Guiana to enforce the Monroe Doctrine

Pullman strike which was the railroad workers boycott in 1894 American federation of labor was an alliance of work unions

not involved in politics who did not allow blacks or women Wilson Forman tariff 1894 reduced the McKinley tariff slightly

William McKinley 1897-1901 assassinated by czolgosz 1901 New imperialism is the time of colonial expansion in Europe

and Japan coming from the idea of a White Man’s Burden Spanish American war April 1898 February 1899 Open Door Policy 1899 which allowed free trade between the

US and China

Theodore Roosevelt 1901-1909 Building of the Panama Canal 1903-1914 Square Deal worked to conserve natural recourses, protect

consumer and control corporations Corollary to the Monroe doctrine 1904 (Big Stick Policy) Gentlemen's Agreement with Japan 1904 Hepburn Act 1906 increased the governments control on railroads Pure Food and Drug Act Meat Inspection Act Muckrakers 1906 (yellow journalism) Trust Busting Coal Strikes Conservation Venezuela debt controversy 1902 mediation of a debt dispute Dominican Republic crisis 1902 the US took over the Dominican

finances

 William Henry Taft 1909-1913 Aldrich tariff 1909 reduced tariffs Pinchot Ballinger controversy 1909 a dispute over land reserves Dollar Diplomacy helped the US further foreign policy by giving

loans

Woodrow Wilson 1913-1921 Underwood Tariff 1913 lowered the tariff after the Civil War

16th 17th 18th 19th amendments

Federal Reserve System 1913 gave the government some control of the nations finances

Federal Trade Commission 1914 was created to enforce the antitrust laws

Clayton Antitrust Act 1914 attacked trusts but protected labor unions

Sent troops to Nicaragua, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Virgin Islands, and Mexico

Fourteen Points 1917 declared why World War I was being fought

Treaty of Versailles ended World War I

New Freedom were what is now known as Wilsons progressive policies

Gilded Age Politics

Parties were determined by religion and ethnic differences

78% of eligible voters were voting

Both parties were pro business

Both opposed to economic radicalism

Both advocated for a sound currency

Republicans dominated the senate

Democrats dominated the house

Republican party began to splinter into the stalwarts, halfbreeds, and mugwumps

The Populist Party

This was the remnants of the Farmers Alliances

Supported the free coinage of silver

What they wanted immigration restrictions government ownership of the railroads,

telegram, and telephone lines direct election of senators the 8 hour work day

Faded by the 1890’s

Progressive Era Politics

Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard, Woodrow Wilson

Practiced the lassie-faire

Applied science to the economy and social movements

Political parties were corrupt, and inefficient

Did pass the 16th 17th 18th and 19th amendments

Liberal vs. Conservative 1865-

1900Liberal Conservative

Supported radical reconstruction

Resisted radical reconstruction

Wanted honest Tolerated the spoils system

Supported reform Darwinism Supported social Darwinism

Anti imperialists Expansionists

Expanded paper money Supported the gold standard

Supported Government regulation of business

Laissez-faire

Wanted low tariffs Wanted high tariffs

Supported the Gospel of Wealth

Amendments of the era

16th- Graduated income tax

17th- Direct election of senators

18th-Prohibition of alcohol

19th –Women’s suffrage

Reforms of the era 1901-1916 Square Deal/ New Foundation

Teddy Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson

Goals Control corporations and trusts Clean up the Government Clean up the environment Citizen protection

Actions Pure good and drug act Clayton Act-Clarified the Sherman Antitrust Act Northern Securities Act-The forced dissolve of a northern railroad

monopoly Federal reserve act Federal Trade Commission Newlands Act- Gave money from the sale of western lands to irrigation

projects Keating Owens Act

Important Government Movements

Pendleton Act 1893 Government service based on merit rather than on

patronage

Roosevelt's Corollary 1904 Addendum to the Monroe Doctrine stating that the

US would use force to protect the interests of Latin America

Open Door Policy 1899 US became intrested in china Europeans already in china- creating spheres of

influence All nations share equal trading rights in China US sought trade access

Wars

Spanish-American War 1898 Causes

Oppression of Cubans by Spain US business interests threatened in Cuba by the

fighting between the Cubans and the Spanish Maine battleship sunk (due to a internal

explosion unknown at the time) Yellow journalism

Effects US acquires foreign territory US becomes a world power Us enforces the Monroe Doctrine

Treaties and Compromises

Treaty of Paris 1898 US and Spain Ended the Spanish-American war Cuba freed from the Spanish US received Puerto Rico and Guam US pays $20 million for the Philippines

Compromise of 1877 Who had won the 1876 election Three states sent sets of election returns Democrat Samuel

Tilden needed only 1 vote to win. Commission gave all 20 disputed votes to Republican Hays

Hays was given the presidency and troops were removed from the south Southerners were allowed back into the cabinet

This ended reconstruction

Important Events

1890 Battle of wounded knee- end of the Indian war

1892 Populist Party forms

1898 Spanish American War

1896 Annexation of Hawaii

1908 NAACP formed for African American euality

Supreme Court Decisions

Slaughterhouse Cases 1873 Military tribunals cannot be used to try civilians when the

civilian court is still operating; defendants won

US vs Cruikshank 1875 Due process and equal protection clauses of the 14th

amendment apply only to the government; advocates of the limited government won

Civil Rights Cases 1883 Federal civil rights acts were unconstitutional; racially

discriminatory laws won

Walbash vs Illinois 1886 State regulations of interstate commerce cannot place a

direct burden on interstate commerce; federal government commerce clause won

Plessy vs Ferguson 1896 Racially segregated facilities are permissible

under the 14th amendment if they are equal; separate but equal won

Lochner vs US 1905 New York state law limiting hours bakers could

work is invalid; cooperation's won

Muller vs Oregon Oregon state law limiting the hours women

can work is valid; women, progressive arguments won

Standard oil vs Us 1910 Standard oil is guilty of monopolizing the

petroleum industry in violation of the Sherman Antitrust Act; stronger antitrust acts won

Publications

The Jungle Upton Sinclair 1906

The Significance of the Frontier in America Fredrick Jackson 1893

Century of Dishonor Helen Hunt Jackson 1881 (cruel treatment of Native Americans)

The Gospel of Wealth Andrew Carnegie

The Shame of the Cities Lincon Steffens 1904 (corruption in the cities)

Twenty Years at Hull House Jane Addams 1910 (settlement housing)

Principles of Scientific Management Fredrick Taylor (assembly line)

The Souls of Black Folk WEB Dubois 1903 (an end to segregation)

How the other Half Lives Jacob Riis 1890 (the poor in ghettos)

The Atlanta Compromise Booker T Washington 1895 (Blacks should learn a trade)

Looking Backwards Edward Bellamy 1888 (were becoming classless and a caring society)

Antislavery Societies

Antislavery Society 1833 Leader William Lloyd Garrison Goals: emancipate slaves without slave owner

compensation Means: moral persuasion, paid agents to

lecture on the end of slavery, and publications Women’s role: equal participation Summary: Garrison’s radicalism made him

controversial and he challenged the churches to help antislavery movements, and involved more movements than just anti slavery

American/ Foreign Antislavery Society 1840 Leaders: Theodore Weld, Lewis and Arthur

Tappan Goals: Gradual emancipation of all slaves and

slave owner compensation Means: moral persuasion, paid agents, and a

published newspaper Political action: Became close to the Liberal

Party Women’s Role: Limited mostly behind the

sense Summary: Moderate approach, attracted old

Garrison members, tried to use Liberty and Free Soil Party's to gain members

Disbanded in 1855 after losing strength in the late 1840’s

Black Leaders

Booker T. Washington 1856-1915 Message: The book Atlanta Compromise,

blacks should show equality with vocational skills

Supporters: Southern, rural blacks, wealthy, and white industrialists

Methods: accommodation with whites, created the Tuskegee institute, blacks and whites should remain separate socially, emphasized black economic development

Significance: Got money for black schools, tried to overturn segregation battled Dubios

WEB Dubois 1868-1963 Message: equality for the talented tenth of

the black community, equality including full suffrage

Supporters: intellectuals, professionals, white progressives

Methods: founded the Niagara movement in 1905, helped form the NAACP, wrote books to energize blacks

Significance: Challenged Booker T Washington, agitated for equality, challenged conservative radical policies

Wealthy People

Carnegie-Carnegie Steel Company Vertical integration-control over every aspect

of the industry

Rockefeller-Standard Oil Horizontal integration- creating trusts or

buyouts of competing companies

J.P. Morgan-Chase and Company Loaned $6 million to the US Treasury

Technology

New communication- Phonograph, telephone, and radio

Mass circulated newspapers and magazines

Growth of commercialized entertainment, new sports like basketball, bicycling and football

Transportation- Automobile, electric trains and trolleys

Era recap

Closing of the Western Frontier in 1860

The tragedy of the Plains Indians

The Gilded Age

Industrialization

The Huddled Masses moving from Eastern and Southern Europe

Rise of the Big Business

Rise of the City

Time for a Quiz

http://www.timeanddate.com/timer/

You have 8 min for 10 questions then we will go over the answers

Good luck!

Quiz Answers

1. C

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. B

6. C

7. C 8. A

9. D

10. B