Date post: | 11-Aug-2015 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ajeet-singh |
View: | 98 times |
Download: | 1 times |
Preposition
• A preposition is a word or a group of words used before a noun/pronoun to show relationships between nouns, pronouns and other words in a sentence
•E.g. :• I went to Delhi at 9 p.m.•The book is kept in the bag.
Types of Prepositions
Si
mple
•Single word preposition like•at , in , of, for, to , by, with, but, etc.
Co
mpound
•Combining prepositions with nouns, adjectives or an adverb.•Examples : into, across, within, beside, upon,
Phrase
•Prepositions used as group of words . For Ex.•According to,• in accordance with,•In order to•Instead of etc.
Position of Prepositions Prepositions are generally used before noun/pronoun. For
example:
I saw him in the park. The cat is sitting under the table.
When the object is an interrogative pronoun or a relative pronoun, the preposition is placed at the end of the sentence. For eg.
What are you looking for ? This is the book I was talking about.
Position of Prepositions
•When the object is relative pronoun, the preposition is placed at the end of the sentence:
•These are the words that I was referring to.
Preposition -(TIME)
Prepositions Usage
IN Months Days Year
ON Days of week
AT For Weekend For night Certain point of time
SINCE For starting Time For certain period of time Before a name of day/month/year Before O’clock
Preposition -(TIME)Prepositions Usage
FOR For starting time Before numbers of days/hours/months/years
TILL/UNTILL For ending time For duration of time
BY For ending time For maximum limit of time
WITHIN A restricted period of time
Prepositions –(PLACE)Prepositions Usage
ON For an open space For certain side For floor in a house For public transport For TV/Radio etc.
IN For a closed space/room Building, street, town Countries, continents Book, paper etc. Car, taxi Picture, world
AT For a fix space For village For events like concert/party Places where you do something typical
(to watch a movie, to study, etc.)
Prepositions- (PLACE)Prepositions Usage
BESIDE Left/right of something
BESIDES In spite of
UNDER Show exactness, on the ground lower than something
BELOW Does not show exactness, lower than something but above ground
TO Movement to person, building, place, or country
INTO Process of entrance
ASIDE To talk in separation
TO KEEP ASIDE To save
Other important PrepositionsPrepositions Usage
FROM Who gave it
OF Who/what does it belong to
BY Who made it
ON Walking or riding on horse
AT For age
Correct Usage of Prepositions:
Beside Besides
It means ‘ at the side of ’ it means ‘in addition to’
Examples: •My school is beside the lake.
Examples: • He is learning French besides English language.
In /At / On (place )
• IN – used for bigger places, districts, countries etc.
•AT – used for smaller towns, or villages.
•ON – used for streets, roads, floor etc.
Examples:•He lives at A31, UPSIDC Area Naini in Allahabad.•His house is on the third floor.
In /At / On/ By (time )• IN – used for years/months.
• ON – used for days.
• AT – used for time.
• BY – indicates the latest time by which the action is finished.
• Examples :
• I hope to finish it by 1 February.
• They will visit the hill station in summer.
• We will be there at 6:30 p.m. on Friday.
Between / Among
•BETWEEN – used for two persons or things.
•AMONG – used for more than two persons or things.Examples :•Ayush stood between Akshat and Ankit.•This is a social ritual that exists among the tribals.
Below / Under• BELOW –as ‘lower/less than’ or ‘inferior to’.
• UNDER – means according to • lower in rank• in course of time
• Examples:• Raju is below 17 so he cannot appear for casting vote.
• Take any number below hundred.
• No one below the officer’s rank can apply for the post.
• The building is under construction.
• The LDC is working under Section Officer.
In / Within
•IN – while referring to time ‘in’ indicates the end of a certain period.
•WITHIN- it means before a certain period of time.
•Examples:•We will be back in three days.•They will repay the loan within three
years.
By / Until
•BY – means not later than mentioned time.
•UNTIL – means upto the point in time or event mentioned not before that.
•Eg.•We hope to finish it by Monday.•He will be in office until 11 a.m.
CONJUNCTIONS
A Conjunction is a word which is used to connect words, phrases and clauses.
Examples :• He is poor but he is honest.• Arvind and Vipul are good friends.
Types of Conjunctions
•One type of conjunction is the coordinating conjunction.
•They connect words, phrases, and clauses, which are sentences.
•They connect things of equal value. (This means that they would connect a noun
with another noun or a prepositional phrase with another prepositional phrase.)
Types of Conjunctions
•There are seven coordinating conjunctions: Use FANBOYS to remember
for and nor but
or yet so
Kinds of Coordinating ConjunctionsCumulative conjunctions
•And,• too, •not only…. But also•As well as
Alternative conjunction
•Either…or•Neither….nor•Else•Otherwise
Adversative Conjunctions
•Whereas/while•However•Yet•Still•but
Illustrative conjunctions
•for,•Then•Therefore•Nevertheless•so
Subordinate Conjunctions:
•A conjunction that joins a dependent clause with a independent clause to form a complex sentence. These are :-
•Whether, though, before, until, unless, if etc.
Kinds of Subordinating Conjunctions
TIME•Till•Before•After•As long/so long•Then•since
CAUSE•Because•For•As
CONDITION•If•Unless•Provided•As if•Whether or not
CONTRAST•Though•Whereas/while•Whether…or•yet
Exercise:
i. He is reserved………….his brother is outspoken.
ii. Work hard……..you fail.iii. Children are admitted only……they
qualify the entrance test.iv. She is smarter……you think.v. Robin is …..smart ….clever.vi. The team played well …..won the match.vii.I shall not attend the party …….. He
invites me.
Exercise:
viii) It is so heavy …..anyone no one can lift it
ix) …………… you complete the assignment submit it to me.
x) The program has been…..organized…..everyone was happy.
Correct the following Sentences• Defeated in 1964,Nixon did not know, as he ever was wanted to
run for office again.
• My parents bought a new house and they still like the old one.
• While it was very cold, I continued to study.
• I won national merit scholarship but I was very proud.
• As it is raining, we have an umbrella
Correction
• Defeated in 1964,Nixon did not know whether he ever wanted to run the office.
• My parents bought a new house but still they like the
old one.
• Although it was very cold, I continued to study.
• I won a national merit scholarship and I was very proud.
• Because it is raining we have an umbrella.
What is an Interjection?
•An interjection is something that interrupts a sentence.
• It is something that also expresses your emotions like happiness, fear, anger, or pain.
•Some examples of interjections are:ouch, wow, uh oh, oh no, gosh, shhhh
Punctuating Interjections
•If an interjection is spoken calmly, simply put a comma after it and continue the sentence.
Ex. Shhh, the baby is sleeping.
Ex. Oh my, I dropped my pencil.
Punctuating Interjections
•If an interjection is spoken with more emotion, it is followed by an exclamation point. The next word is then capitalized.
Ex. Ouch! I just cut my finger.
Ex. He scored the winning touchdown. Wow!