Prevalence of Prevalence of Schistosoma japonicumSchistosoma japonicum

infection infection in Barangay Magrafil, in Barangay Magrafil,

Gonzaga, CagayanGonzaga, Cagayan

Schistosoma japonicum eggSchistosoma japonicum egg

Significance of the studySignificance of the study•aid in the evaluation of the spread aid in the evaluation of the spread

of schistosomiasisof schistosomiasis

•updating the recent status updating the recent status regarding the prevalence of regarding the prevalence of schistosomiasis schistosomiasis

•contribute to the development of a contribute to the development of a new strategy in the control of new strategy in the control of schistosomiasis schistosomiasis

Scope and Limitations•Kato-Katz technique in triplicate

•Formalin-Ether concentration technique (FECT) for the identification of helminthic eggs and other protozoan cysts

•did not include the malacological and animal infection aspect

Conceptual frameworkAge

Before entry to school

(0-6 years old)School age children

(7-13 years old)Young adults

working in the field(14-35 years old)

Adults(>35 years old)

Gender(Male, Female)Occupation

(Student, Housewife,

Farmer,etc.)

Prevalence of

Schistosoma

japonicum

infectionFigure 1: Factors affecting S.japonicum infection including age, gender and occupation

Research HypothesisNull Hypothesis: There is no significant difference between S. japonicum infection and the different demographic factors such as age, gender and occupation.

Collection of stool sample with

Barangay Health Workers

Formalin Ether Concentration

Technique

Questionnaire handed out to participants

Kato-Katz technique in

triplicate

Statistical Analysis(Fisher’s Exact

Test)

Gathering of results

Random Sampling (Masterlist

provided by the Municipal Health

Office)

Seek approval and consent of

Municipal Health Office

Methodology

Methodology

Board Templa

te

Diameter Amount of stool

EPG= count x factor

Thickness Hole Diamet

er1.5mm 6.0mm 41.7mg EPG=

count x 24

Organism Light Intensity

Moderate

Intensity

Heavy Intensity

Schistosoma

japonicum

1-99 epg 100-399 epg

≥400 epg

Results and Discussion

Results Number of Positive

Stool samplesPositive 19

Negative 60

Total 79Prevalence Rate 24.05%

Table 1. Presence of S. japonicum eggs using Kato

Katz-technique

Results and Discussion

Demographic Factor

Frequency Percent

Age 26.8 (Mean)Gender

Male 44 55.7 %Female 35 44.3 %

OccupationFarmer 36 45.6 %Student 22 27.8 %Housewife 21 26.6 %

Table 2. Frequency and percentage distribution of

respondents according to demographic factors (age, sex, and occupation)

Results and DiscussionTable 3. Frequency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to age groups

Age

Groups

FECT Kato-Katz

Positiv

e

Negat

ive

p-

valu

e

Positive Negat

ive

p-

valu

e

0 to 6 years

old

1

(14.29%

)

9

(12.5%)

0.410

2

2

(10.52%)

8

(13.33

%)

0.22

44

7 to 13

years old

3

(42.86%

)

13

(18.06

%)

7 (36.8%) 9

(15.0%)

14 to 35

years old

2

(28.57%

)

25

(34.72

%)

4

(21.05%)

23

(38.33

%)

Above 35

years old

1

(14.29%

)

25

(34.72

%)

6

(32.58%)

20

(33.33

%)

Total 7 72 19 60

Results and Discussion

•Age grouping to reflect age specific activities and exposure (Olveda, et.al, 1996)

•No significant difference between age and S. Japonicum infection

•Exposure variation

•Similar trend of positive results – study by Olveda and colleagues (2010)

Results and DiscussionTable 4. Frequency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to gender

Gender

FECT Kato-Katz   Positive

Negative

p-value

Positive

Negative p-value

 

Male 4 (57.14

%)

40 (55.56%

)

1.000

12 (63.16%)

32 (53.33%

)

0.598 

Female 3 (42.86

%)

32 (44.44%

)

7 (36.84%)

28 (46.67%

) 

Total 7 72

19

60

Results and Discussion

•No significant difference between gender and S. japonicum infection • Agricultural activity of both males and females (Census of Agriculture, 2002)

•Study by Huang•equivocal relationship in gender•culturally variable•subjected to other influence

Table 5. Frequency distribution of S. japonicum infection according to occupation

Occupa

tion

FECT Kato-Katz

Positiv

e

Negativ

e

p-

valu

e

Positive Negativ

e

p-value

Farmer 3

(42.86

%)

33

(45.83%

)

0.68

8

10

(52.63%)

26

(43.33%

)

0.1688

Studen

t

3

(42.86

%)

19

(26.39%

)

7

(36.84%)

15

(25.0%)

Housew

ife

1(14.29

%)

20

(27.78%

)

2

(10.52%)

19

(31.67%

)

Total 7 72 19 60

Results and Discussion

•No significant difference in occupation and S. japonicum infection

•Higher prevalence among farmers due to occupational hazzard

(Leonardo et.al., 2012)

•Students and housewives engaging in domestic activities

Results and Discussion

Parasites Number of

respondents

Ascaris

lumbricoides

15

Hookworm 11

Trichuris trichiura 5

Table 6. Other parasites seen among the respondents

•Mean Age:26.8•Gender distribution: 44 males 35

females•Occupation: farmer, student,

housewife•Prevalence rate= 24.05% (Kato-Katz

technique)•19 positive stool samples•no association with the demographic

factors•Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris

truchiura, and hookworm were also noted

•larger sample sizelarger sample size

•Can include malacological and Can include malacological and animal infection aspectanimal infection aspect

•Microscopic analysis of suspected Microscopic analysis of suspected infected watersinfected waters

Gian Austin R. Angeles Lance Angelo A. ArguellesRoice Angel C. CaguioaHenrick Ryan C. FongAnne Mari Clare D. GanJenice Joy B. Garcia Jaira Lyn D.J. MauhayEdilberto P. Manahan

T h a n k y o u !T h a n k y o u !