PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES

BY: Syed usama shayan

Supervision: Dr.umair

CONTENTS:1.Introduction2.Aims of prevention3.Levels of prevention4.Methods of control

caries

INTRODUCTION “Dental caries is an irreversible microbial disease of the calcified tissues of the teeth, characterized by demineralization of the inorganic portion and destruction of the organic substance of the tooth , which often leads to cavitations”

AIMS OF PREVENTION Limiting pathogen

growth and metabolism Limitation of caries

activity Early detection of

incipient caries Identification of high

risk patients

LEVELS OF PREVENTION

I.  Primary prevention 

II. Secondary prevention 

III.Tertiary prevention

Primary prevention•  Actions taken prior to the

onset of the disease, which removes the possibility that the disease will ever occur

• By plaque control programme, caries activity test, patient education, topical application, pit and fissure sealants

 Secondary prevention• Limits the progression

and extent of a disease at as early stage as possible after onset. 

• By preventive resin restoration, pulp capping.

 Tertiary prevention

•  Limits the extent of disabilities once a disease has caused any functional limitation.

By complex restorative dentistry.

METHODS TO CONTROL CARIES 

1.Chemical methods2.Nutritional methods3.Mechanical methods

Chemical methods  Substances which : Alter the tooth surface or structure Examples: Fluorides & Iodides Interfere with carbohydrate

degradation through enzymatic alteration.

Examples: Vit. K •Interfere with bacterial growth

and metabolism.  Examples: Anticariogenic Agent

Nutritional methods

 Restriction of refined carbohydrate (remove food's nutritional value, including B-complex vitamins, healthy oils and fat-soluble vitamins) intake

Avoiding sugar in between meals

Phosphate diet (cause calcification)

Mechanical methods1. Tooth brushing2. Interdental cleaning aids 3. Disclosing agents4. Detergent foods5. Salivary stimulants6. Pit and fissure sealants

INFORMATION

CARIES VACCINES• The International Association for Dental

Research and American Association for Dental Research announced a study performed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences which looked at using an inhaled vaccine that uses a protein filament as a delivery vehicle. Trials performed in rats showed an increase in antibody response along with a decrease in the amount of Streptococcus mutans adhering to teeth, leading to significantly fewer cavities observed among the test population

Oral route • Gut-Associated Lymphoid

Tissues (GALT) to elicit protective salivary IgA antibody responses. In these studies, antigen was applied by

1. oral feeding, 2. gastric intubation, 3. in vaccine-containing capsules

Intranasal route• Intranasal installation of

antigen, which targets the Nasal-Associated Lymphoid Tissue (NALT)

Tonsillar route Tonsillar tissue contains the required elements of immune induction of secretory IgA responses although IgG, rather than IgA, response characteristics are dominant in this tissue

Caries Solvent• It is a natural endoprotein enzyme

based gel formulation for non invasive and non traumatic removal of infected dentine from carious lesion. The technique involves the application of this gel to cause a selective softening of carious dentine and facilitate removal by gentle excavation thus allowing maximum preservation of healthy dental structure. The gel also contains therapeutic oils for antiseptic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial action, food grade dye for localization, water and salts.

• The gel contains papain (papaya extract), a proteolytic cysteine enzyme