Preventive Medicine and Geriatrics

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S.RATHIPRIYA


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PREVENTIVE GERIATRICS

It is the art and science of preventingdisease in the geriatric populationand promoting their health and

efficiency


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CLINICAL GERENTOLOGY OR GERIATRICS:

The care for the aged.SOCIAL GERENTOLOGY: humanitarian and

social attitude towards the old peopleEXPERIMENTAL GERENTOLOGY: research

into basic biological problems of the ageing.

GERIATRIC GYNAECOLOGY: repair ofprolapse of varying degrees, nonspecific vaginitis,ovarian tumours, psychic aberrations, sexual problems

GERENTOLOGY: study of the physical andpsycological changes which are incident to old

age


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Maintenance of health in old age by high levels

of engagement and avoidance of disease

Early detection and appropriate treatment ofdisease

Maintenance of maximum independence

consistent with irreversible disease and disability Sympathetic care and support during terminal

illness

AIM OF GERIATRIC

MEDICINE


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Improved medical scince and social conditions Developed countries no. of old people is on the increase. Expectation of life

at birth over 70 years.

2002, 605 million old people 400 million lower socioeconomic groups Italy and Japan have highest no. of old persons of about 16.7 and 16%respectively.

In India, in 2003 SRS estimates 1.2% of total population above age 60 years. 1980- 5.3% 2000- 7.7% 2025- 13.3% ( 1.2 billion )

71% - Developing World 70 million population in India-2001 177 million population -2025 40% below poverty line 73% illiterate

SIZE OF THE PROBLEM


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HEALTH STATUS OF THE AGED IN INDIA

0

102030405060

70809088

40

18.7 17.4 16.7 13.39 8.5 8.2

3.5

REPORTED %


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Health problems of the aged

PROBLEMSDUE TO

AGEINGPROCESS

PROBLEMSASSOCIATEDWITH LONG

TERMILLNESS

PSYCHOLOGICALPROBLEMS


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The biological age of a person is not identical with

his chronological age.

Ageing stands for growing old ,senescence is anexpression for deterioration of vitality or loweringof biological efficiency that accompanies ageing.These deleterious lead to the death of the person

Disabilities incident to ageing process: Senilecataract , glaucoma, nerve deafness, failure ofspecial senses, osteoporosis

1) Problems due to ageing

process


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2) Problems associated withlong term illness

CANCER

ACCIDENTS

DIABETES

DEGERATIVE CONDITIONS OF HEART &BLOOD VESSELS

DISEASES OFLOCOMOTOR SYSTEM

RESPIRATORY ILLNESS

GENITOURINARY

SYSTEM


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CVD are major causes of death in developed

countries

Inner arterial wall breakdown lipoid depositionreplaced by calcium narrowing of blood vesselsatherosclerosis diminished blood supply,thrombus formation, rupture of blood vessels, highblood pressure.

No single factor , diet, overweight, hereditory,nervous and emotional strain have been implicated

Reduction in body weight and modification of lifestyle habits

a)Degenerative diseases of heartand blood vessels


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Incidence rises rapidly after age 40

Cancer of prostate common after age of 65

b) Cancer


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fragile bones and decalcification

household accidents common

fracture of neck and femur very common geriatricproblem

c) Accidents


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d) Diabetes

long term illness due to faulty

carbohydrate metabolism.

75% of diabetics are over 50 years of

age


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range of articular and non articular disorders affect

the aged fibrositis, myositis, neuritis, gout,

rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, spondylitis ofspine, etc.

these cause more discomfort and disability than anyother chronic disease in the elderly

e) Diseases of locomotor

system


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chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema are of major

importance

f) Respiratory illness


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enlargement of prostate, dysuria, nocturia, frequent

and urgency of micturition are common complaints

g) Genitourinory system


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A) MENTAL CHANGES: Impaired memory, rigidity of

outlook, dislike of change , reduced income mental and

social consequences B) SEXUAL ADJUSTMENT : diminution of sexual

activity, cessation of reproduction lead to physical andemotional disturbance , irritability, jealousy, and

despondency are frequent.C) EMOTIONAL DISORDERS : social maladjustment,

failure to adapt result in bitterness, inner withdrawal ,depression, weariness of life, and even suicide.

3) Psycological problems


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Diet and nutrition

ExerciseWeight

Smoking

Alcohol

Social activities

Lifestyle and healthy

ageing


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In developed countries, overnutrition replacing

undernutrition

Diet should be balanced with Less saturated fats and oils , salt and sugar

More fruits and vegetables

Calcium and fibre rich diet

a)Diet and nutrition


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maintain good health

control weight

improves emotional well being and relieves stress improves blood circulation

increases flexibility

lowers BP

increases energy levels improves balance & reduces dangers of falls

lowers blood sugar helps in diabetes

improves bone density & prevent osteoporosis

b) Exercise


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Overweight and obesity major problem worldwide

Obesity is important factor in

Heart disease

Stroke

Hypertension

Diabetes Arthritis

Breast cancer

c) Weight


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In developed countries, 22% of men and 18% of

women aged 65 to 74 yrs are smokers

Former smokers live longer than continuing smokers

d) smoking


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Sensitivity to effect of alcohol increases with age

Compared to younger people , older people hj

Blood concentration due to body water dilutingalcohol

Ability to develop tolerance to amount of alcohol

e) alcohol


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NATIONAL POLICY ON

OLDER PERSONS


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NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR

OLDER PERSONS


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OASIS


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INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL

OLD AGE PENTION SCHEME


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HELP AGE INDIA


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MODERN PHILOSOPHY


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DISEASE PREVENTION

IN ELDERLY


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CARE FOR THE OLD

PEOPLE


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Preventive Medicine and Geriatrics

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