PREVIEW OF

EMT MEDICATIONSPOWERPOINT TRAINING

PRESENTATION

DESCRIPTION

Provides the student with a basic knowledge of pharmacology, providing a foundation for the administration of medications given by the EMT-B and those used to assist a patient with self-administration. Includes modules on Principals of Pharmacology, Medication Administration, & Emergency Medicines. Meets or exceeds USDOT NHTSA 2009 EMT/EMR training requirements. Estimated classroom time 2 hours and 2 hours lab.

MEDICATION SAFETY

Is the medication In date?Was it properly stored?

Some has temperature requirements & other storage requirements

Does it fit the rule of 5 rights?

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

Parenteral methods of injection

FIVERIGHTS

RIGHTDATETIME

RIGHTMEDICATION

RIGHTROUTE

RIGHTPATIENT

RIGHT DOSE

EXPIRATION DATE

Almost all medications have an expiration date on them

The EMT must check the expiration date prior to administering any medication

TECHNIQUES OF MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION

OralSublingualIntramuscular injection by auto injectorInhalation

ORAL

Designed to allow medication to be absorbed through the lining of the stomach or intestine

Drug is swallowed & absorbed through the stomach & intestinal tract

Patient must be fully conscious and able to swallow

Aspirin, Oral glucose

ORAL

Disadvantages:Sometimes inefficient –

high dose or low solubility drugs may suffer poor availability, only part of the dose may be absorbed

ORAL

AdvantagesConvenient - portable, no pain, easy to take.Cheap - no need to sterilize (but must be hygienic of course), compact, multi-dose bottles, automated machines produce tablets in large quantitiesVariety - fast release tablets, capsules, enteric coated, layered tablets, slow release, suspensions, mixtures

ORAL

WARNINGAscertain patient’s ability to swallow

prior to administrationIf patient is not able to swallow it

may cause airway problems or aspiration

INTRAMUSCULAR

DisadvantagesTrained personnel

required for injectionsThe site of injection will influence the absorption, generally the deltoid muscle is the best siteAbsorption is sometimes erratic, especially for

poorly soluble drugs

INHALATION

AdvantagesRapid absorption

DisadvantagesMay require bulky equipment

to administer

SELF ADMINISTRATION

Intramuscular injection by auto injector

AUTO INJECTORS

Commonly used for anaphylactic reactions (EPI-PEN) to administer Epinephrine

Also used with WMD antidotes

SELF ADMINISTRATION

AdvantagesNo outside assistance

neededDisadvantages

No one to assist or to monitor patient

Fear of self administration

PEER ADMISTRATION

AdvantagesPatient can easily be monitored

DisadvantagesPotential BBP exposure

Techniques

TRANSDERMAL

Active ingredients are delivered across the skin for systemic distribution

MorphineNitroglycerinBirth control

SUBCUTANEOUS

Administered as a bolus into the subcutis, the layer of skin directly below the dermis and epidermis

Insulin

INTRAOSSEOUS

The process of injection directly into the marrow of a bone

Used in emergency situations to provide fluids and medication when an IV cannot be used

Primarily used with infants due to their small veins

ASPIRIN

Used to thin blood during a possible heart attack

Also used as a pain reliever

ASPIRIN

IndicationsIschemic chest pain

ContraindicationsPrevious history of aspirin allergyChildren under 12 years of ageAspirin taken in last 24 hoursGI bleedingActive peptic ulcer

ORAL GLUCOSE

Comes in tube and taken orally or comes as a tablet

ORAL GLUCOSE

IndicationsDiabetic patients with hypoglycemic

stateContraindications

UnconsciousnessUnable to swallowKnown diabetic who has not taken

insulin for days

ORAL GLUCOSE

WARNINGAscertain patient’s ability to swallow prior to administrationPatient must be alert Patient must be able to swallow, it will

NOT work sublingually or buccallyWatch for patient aspiration patient has

a decreased gag reflex

MEDICATIONS THE EMT CAN ASSIST IN ADMINISTRATION

Inhaled bronchodilatorsEpinephrineNitroglycerin

ALBUTEROL INHALIERSUsed primarily for respiratory

problems associated with asthma

ActionStimulates beta-2 receptor sitesRelaxes smooth muscle in airway wallsDilates airways

Lowers resistance to airflowDecreases respiratory effort

EPINEPHRINE

Use when patient shows S & S of anaphylactic shock

Normally administered by EMT’s with an Epi-Pen

Comes in two sizes Adult 0.3 mg Child/Infant 0.15 mg

EPINEPHRINE

IndicationsPt exhibits S & S of severe allergic

reaction, including respiratory distress or sockPt has physician prescribed Epi-Pen

ContraindicationsNone

EPINEPHRINE

Comes in an auto injector normally stabbed into the thigh

WARNING

Gloves need to be worn when handling nitroglycerine tabletsMedication can be absorbed through the skin

when handling causing the EMT to have the side effects of having taken the tablet This could cause the EMT to have a medical emergency.

MEDICATIONS USED IN CERTAIN MCA’s

Activated charcoalInfluenza vaccine (flu shot)MorphineBenadrylGlucagonAcetaminophen

ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION

Intramuscular or nasallyDose as determined by manufacturer & age of

patientSupplies in bulk done bottles or prefilled syringes

ATROPINE &PRALIDOXIME (2PAM)

Used as a WND antidote for Nerve agent exposure

May take several injections over time to be effective

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