Food waste as a useful source of compounds improving plant health
Lenka Burketová
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Laboratory of Pathological Plant Physiology
Prague, Czech Republic
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Demand for food progressively increases
Source: EPSO, 2013
Main threat for crop production – diseases, pests and environmental stresses
• Current measures in crop protection:
– resistant cultivars
– genetically modified plants “GMOs“
– pesticides – regulated by EU directive on Sustainable pesticides utilization (2009/128/ES, October 21, 2009)
• Prospective strategies:
– “green pesticides“ – botanicals, essential oils, etc.
– biological control – use of antagonistic organisms
– mycorhiza, beneficial rhizobacteria
– induced resistance – activation of plant´s immune system, advantage – nonspecific
– biostimulators – improving plant fitness
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Healthy crops – healthy food
• Plants suffer from the same kinds of pathogens as animals or humans: viruses, bacteria, fungi, insects and nematodes.
• Plants evolutionally developed immune system strikingly reminiscent of innate immunity of animals.
• This immune system is stimulated by a number of molecules, which could also originate from food wastes.
What is the connection between plant diseases and food wastes?
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
PAMPs “pathogen associated molecular patterns“
Surface molecules
flagelin LPS
• flagellin - flg22
• lipopolysaccharides – LPS
Innate immunity
How are the pathogens recognised?
Secondary elicitors
Secreted elicitors
Recognition of an invader
Defence genes expression
Early defence responses
Signal transduction
How is the resistance response activated?
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Induced resistance:
- Chester 1933
- Ross 1961 – LAR, SAR
LAR
SAR
Systemic acquired resistance - SAR
Defence responses are induced systemically within the plant
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Defence inducers BTH- induced resistance to TMV
in tobacco
Besides pathogens, defence responses are activated also by various molecules
- signalling molecules (SA, JA, ET), SA analogs
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Elicitors and inducers of resistance
Elicitors and inducers • pathogens origin – cultivation media filtrates, mycelia
components, chitin, glucans, oligosaccharides, harpin protein
• plant origin – fragments of cell walls, signalling molecules (salicylic acid, jasmonic acid), phenolics
• plant extracts (“botanicals“), essential oils, seaweed extracts
• chemical compounds - BTH, acrylic acid, phosphates, silicon, β-amino butyric acid, probenazole, saccharin, biochar, oxalic acid, linoleic acid, arachidonic acid, eicosapentaneoic acid, butanoic acid, butanediol, isoparrafin, etc.
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
- Waste from food and leather industry - mainly hydrolysed collagen and keratin - identified in our screening as a potent inducer of resistance
Tomas Bata University in Zlin, prof. Karel Kolomazník
Animal protein hydrolysates
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
“blackleg disease“
Testing of compounds eliciting defence response and resistance in oilseed rape
against Leptosphaeria maculans
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
2 weeks cultivation scaning
treatment with inducers
inoculation
image analysis
Inoculation test
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Inoculation test 3 collagen hydrolysate samples: Cn, CH-4, CH-8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Wat
erBTH
Cn
20x
Cn
100x
Cn
500x
CH-4
20x
CH-4
100
x
CH-4
500
x
CH-8
20x
CH-8
100
x
CH-8
500
x
Mean
lesio
n a
rea [
mm
2]
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
RNA isolation
treatment with inducers
24 hrs incubation
reverse transcription
Real Time PCR
Gene expression test
Gene expression test
CH-4 and CH-8 are strong inducers of salicylic acid and ethylene signalling pathways.
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Collagen hydrolysates activate expression of gene regulated by SA- and ethylene (ET)- signalling pathways, PR-1 and HEL, respectively, in oilseed rape cotyledons.
• We are looking for partners interested in green technologies.
• We are searching for new sources of efficient compounds improving plant health within biowastes with aim to design preparation which could serve as an alternative to traditional fungicides. Such „biostimulators“ could be utilized in organic farming.
• Prospective materials: plant residues containing secondary metabolites, phenolics, saponins, flavonoids, algal extracts, biosufactans, emulsifiers, etc.
We are looking for partners
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
• Our laboratory is well equipped for experimental plant biology to test the efficiency of compounds in a laboratory scale. We have also a good cooperation with two main institutes in Czech capable of pursuing field experiments necessary for registration procedure of preparations.
• We are looking for partners for European cooperation in frame of HORIZON 2020.
What can we offer?
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Projects:
• Improvement of rapeseed resistance against blackleg by biotechnological methods (MZE)
• Biostimulators and resistance inducers of biological origin in cereals and oilseed crops (MZE)
• Role of antimicrobial peptides in plant defence against pathogens (GA ČR)
• Signalling pathways in defence response of rapeseed against important pathogens (GA ČR)
Colleagues:
Aknowledgements
Olga Valentová Kim Dinh Phuong Vladimír Šašek Myrta Pařízková Vendula Hemzalová
Věra Kašpárková Karel Kolomazník Lubomír Šimek
Biorefinery for the Production of Energy and Bio-based Products, Turin October 29, 2013
Action TD 1203
Thank you for your attention!