1 1 Lecture 08, 18 Sept 2008 Lecture 09, 23 Sept 2008 Biodiversity Threats Conservation Biology ECOL 406R/506R University of Arizona Fall 2008 Bonine & Epps Lab SUNDAY Sep 21 st 0700-1830h west side BSE Hat, water, lunch, snacks, $?, sunscreen, close-toed shoes, layers, binos, (cooler?, jug) - Readings on Course Website 506 meet at 1505h today Upcoming Readings Tues 23 Sept: Primack Ch4, Walther 2002 Thurs 25 Sept: EXAM I -Thanks to Guy McPherson -Review Sheet -1515h Sustainability BRING: Handouts 1 & 2, and last 2 pages of: “Miscellaneous Mt. Lemmon-related information” Primack Ch4, Suzuki Link Primack Ch3; Costanza EA 1997; Driessen 2004 2 Lab FRIDAY Sep 26 th Double Check Ranch 1.5 hour drive Meet at BSE at 1330h load van walk to Farmer’s Market leave campus 1400 or 1415h Return Friday evening to Tucson at ~2030h Or Return Saturday early afternoon (leave ranch by noon) Kevin MJ Roberto? Ashwin Nathan Hitomi Todd (1+3 truck) Alejandro Zach (can drive) Dan Antje? Lauren Amanda Andrew? hat, water bottle, breakfast, lunch, snacks, $?, sunscreen, close- toed shoes, layers, Binos?, GLOVES, SHOVELS, PICKS, Tent?, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, etc. - Readings on Lab Website Kevin bringing: 1 cooler, 10 gallons potable water, coleman stove 3 Ecological services of birds on Jamaican coffee farms: Economic incentives for habitat conservation Jherime Kellermann, M.S. Where: 225 BioSciences East When: Thursday, September 25 th 5:00 4 Q2 Recently we have been discussing biodiversity, a very broad term. Terms without strict, agreed-upon definitions often are used quite differently by opposing groups. Please define biodiversity and describe your criteria and thought process for deciding between conservation projects that are competing for limited funds (i.e., how do you determine that the biodiversity [or components thereof] over there is more or less important than the biodiversity over here?) (Due by midnight Tues 23 Sept as .DOC attachment to MJ ([email protected]) via email.) Take a stand and support your position. Follow the classic 5 paragraph essay? Make sure you proofread, please. Con Bio citation format. Page numbers only if quoting… Avoid: Passive Voice, Author as subject, Pronouns, Excessive quoting 5 Quiz A. Please take out a piece of paper 1. What is your name? What is the date? (0.5 point) 2. What are the five spikes presented by McPherson? (2 points) 3. Why are they called spikes? (1 point) 4. What are the implications for con bio of a positive discount rate? (1.5 points) 5. What pesticide is the subject of one of your readings for last week? (1 point) 6. What are you planning to do for your creativity project? OR What seminar do you plan to attend for this class? (1 point) 7. Assuming H-W equilibrium, if p = 0.45, what does q equal? (1 point) 8. Define beta diversity (2 points) B. Hand your paper to a neighbor, but don’t exchange 6
Transcript
1
1
Lecture 08, 18 Sept 2008Lecture 09, 23 Sept 2008
Biodiversity Threats
Conservation BiologyECOL 406R/506R
University of ArizonaFall 2008
Bonine & Epps
Lab SUNDAY Sep 21st 0700-1830h west side BSEHat, water, lunch, snacks, $?, sunscreen, close-toed shoes, layers, binos, (cooler?, jug) - Readings on Course Website
hat, water bottle, breakfast, lunch, snacks, $?, sunscreen, close-toed shoes, layers, Binos?, GLOVES, SHOVELS, PICKS, Tent?, sleeping bag, sleeping pad, etc.- Readings on Lab Website
Kevin bringing: 1 cooler, 10 gallons potable water, coleman stove
3
Ecological services of birds on Jamaican coffee farms: Economic incentives for habitat conservation
Jherime Kellermann, M.S.
Where:225 BioSciencesEast
When:Thursday, September 25th
5:00
4
Q2 Recently we have been discussing biodiversity, a very broad term. Terms without strict, agreed-upon definitions often are used quite differently by opposing groups. Please define biodiversity and describe your criteria and thought process for deciding between conservation projects that are competing for limited funds (i.e., how do you determine that the biodiversity [or components thereof] over there is more or less important than the biodiversity over here?) (Due by midnight Tues 23 Sept as .DOC attachment to MJ ([email protected]) via email.)
Take a stand and support your position.Follow the classic 5 paragraph essay?Make sure you proofread, please.Con Bio citation format. Page numbers only if quoting…Avoid: Passive Voice, Author as subject, Pronouns,
Excessive quoting
5
QuizA. Please take out a piece of paper
1. What is your name? What is the date? (0.5 point)2. What are the five spikes presented by McPherson? (2
points)3. Why are they called spikes? (1 point)4. What are the implications for con bio of a positive discount
rate? (1.5 points)5. What pesticide is the subject of one of your readings for
last week? (1 point)6. What are you planning to do for your creativity project? OR
What seminar do you plan to attend for this class? (1 point)7. Assuming H-W equilibrium, if p = 0.45, what does q equal? (1
point)8. Define beta diversity (2 points)
B. Hand your paper to a neighbor, but don’t exchange 6
A U.S. Geological Survey report released in November 2006 indicated that the Beaufort Sea polar bear population has experienced a significant drop in cub survival. The study also determined that adult males weighed less and had smaller skulls than those captured and measured two decades ago.
In recent years, winter sea ice has fallen by at least 600,000 square miles, double the size of Texas.
5
25
Global Climate Change
PHENOLOGY (4&5)
Reserves & Protected Areas?
Nail in Coffin?26
27
PHEN
OLO
GY
28
synergy
29
Invasives1. Kathy Gerst (next week)2. Guam, Brown Tree Snake3. Galapagos, Goats
Electric ant (Wasmannia auropunctata)
Invasive insects and plants might be bigger problem...30
The assault against feral goats -- along with an ongoing campaign against wild dogs, cats, pigs, donkeys and an array of invasive plants and insects -- demonstrates the challenge conservationists face in preserving this hotbed of genetic diversity. Alan Tye, interim director of sciences at the Charles Darwin Research Station on the island of Santa Cruz, said his institute focuses on just two things: "threats and threatened things."Although 95 percent of the species that were here when humans first arrived still exist in the Galapagos, the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources lists dozens on its "red list" of threatened species. These include the Galapagos hawk and the Galapagos fur seal, along with 57 species of Bulimulus snails.
Other species, including plants and insects, are harder to eradicate. At this point, the 720 introduced plants growing in the Galapagos outnumber the islands' 500 original plant species. Blackberry bushes, planted by farmers, have spread widely, along with quinine trees. Newer residents are bringing in ornamental shrubs such as lantana, nicknamed "the curse of India" because it drives out other plants, and other garden plants to the Galapagos.
The eight-year battle to remove wild goats, donkeys and pigs from Santiago, Pinta and northern Isabela islands has cost at least $5.2 million and is still just shy of completion. The United Nations covered three-quarters of the cost.
Invasive Species Threaten Galapagos's Diversity, By Juliet EilperinWashington Post Staff Writer, Monday, February 27, 2006; A06
Fishing down the marine food web. After the large fish at the top of the food web are fished out, fisheries go after smaller fish and invertebrates at lower levels in the food web while their trawling destroys animals and plants on the sea floor. Time increases toward the right along the blue arrow.
Pauly, Daniel (2003). Ecosystem impacts of the world's marine fisheries. Global Change Newsletter, 55, page 21.
8
43
OverExploitationSHRIMP TRAWLING
BYCATCH
“Trawling is a method of dragging nets, with rollers attached to the front of the nets, along the seabed; the motion of the rollers rotating stirs up the seabed having the effect of making the shrimps jump into the nets.” 44
