Banbais Publication: 56
PRIMARY EDUCATIONIN
BANGLADESH
Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and
Statistics (Banbeis)
Ministry of Education
1, Sonargaon Road (Palashi-Nilkh«t), Dhaka-5
January^ 198Z
PREFACE
Universalisation of education at the primary level in Bangla-desh has of late been receiving much greater emphasis than inthe past. Resources from home and abroad are being mobilisedfor the purpose. It is important that policy makers, planners,executives and researchers engaged in primary education sectorreceive up-to-date information and statistics, while at the sametime, the trend of progress in the area is also made readilyavailable for them.
This publication attempts to present a write-up along withselected time series data on primary education. This shows thegradual development of primary education in the area now for-ming Bangladesh beginning from the British period {i.e., 1854)till the present time. It is an updated and enlarged version ofBANBEIS publication No. 31 published earlier in 1984.
It is hoped that this publication will be helpful in furnishingrelevant information and data to the planners, administratorsand general readers for facilitating the universalisation of primayeducation in Bangladesh.
We are grateful to all the organisations/institutions whosesources were lavishly used by us throughout this publications.In particular, BANBEIS is grateful to Dr. Z. I. Bhuiyan, DirectorGeneral, Directorate of Primary Education, for his valuable com-ments and suggestions on the first draft which have been takencare of in the improvement of the manuscript as it now stands.
Any suggestion for the improvement of this publication will bethankfully received and acknowledged.
We shall feel amply rewarded if this publication comes to properuse to those for whom it is intended.
DirectorBangladesh Bureau of Educational
BANBEIS. Dhaka Information & Statistics {BANBEIS)January, 1987 Ministry of Education,
Dhaka,
CONTENT!
PART-ITopic Page No.
1. Introduction ... . . 1
2. History of th« Development of Primary Education. 2
3. Teachesr* Training .... 5
4. Cluster Training Activities ... . . 5
5. Community Learning Centre, . . . . 6
6 Educational Technology . . . . ... 7
7. Financing of primary Education .. . . 7
8. Participation of Local Community for Promotion of PrimaryEducation 7
9. Prospect of Universalisation . . . . 8
10. Second Primary Education Project . . . . 8
11- Integrated School Development Programme . . 9
12. Universalisation of primary Education Project ... 9
13. Promotion Policy «. — 10
14. Primary Education Act. ... « 10
Part-n.
I. Demography :1.1 Population Projection of Bangladesh (Medium Variant)
for Children 6—11 years, 1985—90, both sex 13
1.2 Population of Bangladesh by District, 1961, 1974 and1981. 13
1.3 Mid-Year (July) Population Projection of Bangladesh
by age—groupsex, 1985 and 1990. 16
11. Schools :
1.4 Number of Primary Schools, 1948-19&5 . . 17
1.5 Number of Primary schools by gender, 1948-1985 17
\.6 Number of primary schools by management, 1985 19
1.7 Number of Primary schools by District, 1985 .» 21
ii
Pago No.
1.8 Number of Primary schools by location, 1973—85 .. 24(urban-rural)
1.9 Catchment Area for Primary schools by District, 1985. 25
EL Teachers:
2 '1 Number of Primary school Teachers by sex, 1948—85 . . . . 28
2-2 Number of Primary School Teachers by Management, 1948—85 . . 29
2-3 Primary Teacher and Student ratio by District, 1985 . . . . 31
2-4 Number of Teacher by status of training, 1948—85 . . . . 33
2*5 Enrolment and output of trainees ir various Courses conducted by . .APE, NAPE 1978—85 36
2-6 Number of Teachers and Students of PTIs by Institute and sex, . . 401982-83
2 «7 Output of Teacher trainees and outsider trainees from the PTIs, 1975—83 43
IV. Enrolment:
2»8 Primary age population (6-10) and enrolment for selected years .. 44
2-9 Enrolment in primary schools by Management, 1971—85 . . 45
3-1 Enrolment, in primary schools by sex, 1971—85 . . . . 45
3-2 Primary enrolment by grade and sex, 1980. . . . . A6
3 -3 Primary enrolment by grade and sex, 1981 . . . . 47
3 «4 Primary enrolment by grade and sex, 1982 , . . . 47
3-5 Primary enrolment by grade and sex, 1983 . . . . 47
3-6 Primary enrolment by grade and sex, 1984 . . . . 48
3-7 Primary enrolment by grade and sex, 1985 .. , . 48
V. Expenditure
3-8 Public Expenditure for primary education, 1972-73 to 1985-86" . . 49
3-9 Government Expenditure on development projects of the Ministry of
Education under Annual Development Programme, 1980-81 to 1985-86 41
4*1 Allocation of A.D.P. by major Heads of Education, 1981-82 to 1984-85 53
VI. Carricalnm:
4»2 Curriculum for classes I and n . , . , . 5 3
4*7 Curriculum for classes HI, IV and V . . 5 4
4*4 Production of Primary Text-book by grade and subject, 1976—85 . . 55
lii
LIST OF^THK TABLES J
Table No. Page No.
4*5 Distribution of Primary text-bcoks by grade end subject, 1983-E4 .. (0
VII. Literacy t
4-6 Obtained literacy Percentages for different census years .. 0
4*7 Number of Literates and literacy rates for Char, Ha or and Hill Tracts 61
4*8 Age group literacy in Bangladesh by sex . . . . 62
4*9 Literacy rates by sex and residence .. .. . . 62
5-1 Percentage of Literates by Districts and sex . . . . 63
5 -2 Number of Illiterates ; Absolute and Relative growth of Illiterates 64
5*3 Number and growth of Illiterates by Area .. .. 64
5*4 Number of Adult Illiterates by sex, age groups and Location .. €4
5*5 Number of Adult Illiterates in special 'Haor' areas .. . . 65
5*6 Number of Adult Illiterates in special "Char* areas ... .. 65
5'7 Number of Adult Illiterates in special Hill Tracts areas . . 65
5 «8 Number pf Adult Illiterates in years by organisation other than government 66
5*9 Literacy and 'follow up' bcoks, their production and distribution . . 68
6*1 Estimated number of trained literacy Teachers in District 1980—82 .. 69
6*2 Cost incurred per student during 1964—1978 on Adult Education . . 70
6-3 National Revenue, Educaticnal expetses and expenditure en literacy 70Programme,
ANNEXURE 71
Introduction :
Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated developing countries ofthe world with nearly two million people. The population growth rate perannum has recently (1984-85) been estimated at 2-17 percent. PopulationCensus 1981 gives the literacy rate of 23-8 percent 31 for male and 16 forfemale. Literacy continues to be one of the slowest attained national objectives.The literacy percentages obtained by using comparable literacy criteria (i.e.ability to both reading and writing) for the population census held from 1951to 1981 are as follows :
TABLE : Comparable Literacy Rates From 1951 to 1981( %)
Year. On the basis of . On the basis oftotal population. population aged 5
years and above.
1951
1961
1974
1981
16.4
17.6
20.2
23.8
18.9
20.8
24.3
26.2
SOURCE : A Study of the Literacy Situation-Policy and Plan of BangladeshFREPD/UNESCO, 1983. pp. 7-10.
Literacy percentages amongst communities widely differ.
The following table indicates literacy percentages obtained among variouscommunities :
TABLE : Literacy Rates Among Communities, 1921 to 1981 PopulationCensuses
CommunityBengal (on the basisof total population)
East Pakistan (onthe tasis of totalpopulation)
Bangladesh(on thebasis of
total popu-lation)
1921 1931 1941 1951 1981
All Communities
Muslims
Hindus
Others
9.
5.
14.
8.
11
09
17
19
9.36
5.71
13.97
10.26
16.
11.
22
8.
30
77
.97
.38
21.
19.
25
20.
11
93
.28
00
23
22
30.
23
.8
.7
9
.6
SOURCE: A Hand Boolfi of Educational Statistics, 1981. pp. 96Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, (Relevant Publications)..
History of the development of primary education:
British period opto 1947)
Primary Education as it is understood today in Bangladesh was firstrecommended in a despatch known as 'Wood's Education Despatch' in 1845.The recommendation was for the establishment of graded school system fromuniversities/colleges to primary schools at the bottom.
The Despatch also recommended education for the masses through aidedindigenous elementary schools. Education for the masses was somewhata new concept. The recommendation remained mostly unimplemented by thenewly established Department of Public Instruction because of resource constraints.
India became a British colony in 1861. Between 1861 and 1871 localtaxes were imposed to meet the cost of primary education except in Bengalwhere the peculiar land revenue system known as Permanent Settlement presen-ted an obstacle. But a large government grant coupled with opening of a numberof indigenous schools at local initiative, but mostly aided, helped the province toachieve considerable expansion of primary education.
A Commission was appointed by the then Viceroy of India, Lord Ripponin 1882 Known as India Education Commission to review the development ofeducation in India since the 'Wood's Despatch' and to suggest measures forcarrying out the policy decisions made there in with particular reference toPrimary Education.
The Commission recommended that the control of primary education bemade over to the local bodies (District and Municiapal Boards) because oflimited funds at the disposal of the government for management of primaryschools, the local bodies would raise funds locally and through subsidy fromthe government as well as school fees to be paid by the pupils. The Commi-ssion declared that primary education would have an almost exclusive claimon local funds and a large claim on provincial revenues.
Some of the achievements in the field of primary education during 1834-1902 period were construction of school buildings, improvement of trainingand qualification of primary teachers, admission of girls and pupils of lowcaste, and use of printed books. The method of teaching was improved byusing objective lessons, more humane treatment to the child in the class roomand use of teaching aids.
Lord Curzon who took over as Viceroy of India in 1898 proved to be agreat educational reformer. He followed a policy of giving larger grants toprimary education both non-recurring and recurruing. This brought aboutconsiderable expansion of primary education as the following figures will show.
Items All India Position
Number of recognised 1881-'82 1901-'02 1911-'12~Primary schools
82,916 93,604 1,18,262
Number of students 29,61,541 30,76,671 48,06,736
SOURCB i History of Education in India, P-488
Source : History of Education in India, P-488
In the decade 1917—27' some of the provinces in India including Bengalpassed Compulsory Education Act to be implemented in selected rural andurban areas for children of both sexes, The local self-government institutionswere made responsible for enforcing the compulsion.
In 1935 Government of India Act was passed introducing provincial auto"nomy and all matters regarding education excepting a few central subjectswere transferred to the provinces. Immediately, compulisory primary educationissue started attracting attention of the provinces. Another trend of this periodwas to withdraw powers given to local bodies over primary education.
In 1944 a comprehensive rational plan of education known as SargentReport was prepared. It provided for pre-primary education for children bet-ween 3-6 years, and universal compulsory and free primary education for allchildren between 6—14 years divided into Junior Basic (6—11 years) and SeniorBasie (11—14 years) stages. This was to be achieved in 40 years time.
Pakistan period (1947—71) :
On the partition of India the geographical area now forming Bangladeshbecame a province of Pakistan. The new country adopted the same objectiveof universal, free and compulsory education for all children between 6—11 yearsextending it to cover all children upto 14 years its its first national conferenceon education held in November, 1948.
Universal free primary education was a major goal of national planningin the First Five Year Plan (1955-'60). The Plan hoped that free and compulsoryprimary education would be possible in about 20 years,
During the First Five Year Plan no noticeable progress was made in pri-mary education excepting some improvement in teacher's salaries. The enrol-ment increased by less than 50% form what was planned.
On the eve of Second Five Year Plan (1960—65), a National EducationCommission was set up in 1959. The Commission recommended that 5-yearprimary school course should be made universsal and compulsory within next10-years and compulsory education of 8-years schooling should be introducedand implemented within next 15 years. It recognised the problem of dropping-outfrom schools and advocated a system of promoting children by age at the endof the year rather than by results of the tests.
The Third Five Year Plan (1965—70) aimed at increasing enrolment from45% to 70% of the primary school age-group children in 1970 mainly byincreasing girls' enrolment.
Primary Education did not enjoy the priority it deserved in none of thethree Five Year Plans executed during the Pakistan period (1947—71) althoughthere was no dearth of rhetoric championing its cause. The share of primaryeducation out of the total allocation in the education sector was around 22%and actual utilization of allocated fund was much less.
Current Developments :
One of the first acts of the Government in the newly independent countryin the field of primary education was to nationalise privately manged primaryschools in 1973—74 through an Act, and the teachers of those schools(5 teachers per schools) were made government servants.
One of the educational objectives of the first 5-Year Plan (1973—78) wasthat all children must be assured of basic formal education at least upto pri-mary level.
Only 18% of the total allocation in the education sector amounting toTaka. 57.72 crore was allocated to primary education. The break-up of theallocation was as follows:
(I) Construction and consolidation .. Tk. 33,00 crore
(II) Instructional materials .. Tk. 8,34 „
(III) Text-books .. Tk. 7,38
(IV) Salaries of additional .. Tk. 9,00 „(Teachers for double-shift programme)
Besides the above allocation, an amount of Tk. 7.50 crore for the newPTIs, 3 exclusively for female teachers and Tk. 3 '00 crore for improvement fothe existing PTIs were earmarked.
The Plan also drew up comprehensive programme of Non-formal Education.It included People's School, Youth Complex, Literacy School, Women's Educa-tion Centre, Feeder School, Non-formal. Vocational Training Centre and Wor-kers' School. A sum of Tk. 40 crore (50% of the amount to be contributedby community) was earmarked for the purpose.
The Plan made moderate progress in implementing various programmes inprimary education. The number of schools increased by 5,000 although thereremained 3,749 primary scools (1973-'74) to be nationalised. The total enrol-ment went up from 7.8 million in 1973 to 8'2 million in 1978. The girls'enrolment registered an increase from 2.7 million to 3.0 million during thesame period. The number of primary school teachers increased from 1,55,742in 1973 to 1,86,144 in 1978 out of which 1,27,712 (69%) were trained.
The existing programmes in primary education were continued during thenext 2-year plan period (1978-'80). A total Tk. 800 million, Out of whichonly Tk. 341 million could be spent (a mere 42% utilization), was availablefor primary education during 1973—80.
During the Second Five Year Plan. 1980—85 education sector gotTk. 4770, million, which is 4.3 percent of the total sectoral allocation in the'pub-lic sector. Out of this amount Tk. 2222 million (over 46%) was given toprimary education and in order that primary education receive undivided atten-tion a separate Directorate of primary education was created.
Teachers' Training :There are 52 government and 1 private primary Teachers' Training Insti-
tutes. They offer one-year Certificate-in-Education course to the serving untrai-ned teachers, as well as S.S.C. passed outsiders (raised to H.S.C. since 1981for male students). Who want to be teachers. The present curriculum includesboth pedagogical and general subjects. Psychology as well as principles ofeducation are also taught. The general subjects taught include those coveredin the primary schools. In pedagogy practice teaching is included and forwhich experimental primary school is attached to every P.T.I. The annual intakecapacity of PTIs is around 9,000 but it remains underutilised. On an averagebetween 1977-78 and 1982-83, 6123 received tiaining each year. Of them 2721were male and 324 female teachers, and among the outsiders, 404 were maleand 2647 females. In order to raise the proportion of female teachers, femaleoutsiders candidates are given preference and are provided with free hostelaccommodation.
There are now about 15,200 (8 %) of 1,90,000 total teachers who need tobe trained. The annual attrition rate due to retirement, death and otherreasons is about 15,000 as against only 3,078 outsiders who have been receivingtraining annually during the last 6 years. At the present rate of output ofPTI graduates it is not even possible to fill-up the yearly vacancies Besides,of the 32,757 teachers in the private primary schools 21 % or 6,879 teachersare trained leaving 25878 teachers requiring training now. An academy calledNational Academy for Primary Education (NAPE) was established in 1978initially known as Academy for fundamental Education (AFE)witha view toimproving primary education by curriculum revision, enhancement of the qualityof PTI training, development of teaching aids, and doing research into problemsand issues of primary education. NAPE and NCTB (National Curriculumand Text Book Board) have the responsibilities to determine the Academicand pedagogical contents of the PTI training. The terminal examination at thePTIs is conducted and evaluated by the NAPE.
The Upazila Education Officer (UEO) is the educational administrator mostclosely linked to the primary schools. He/She is responsible for all aspectsof primary education-students, school building and supplies, teachers salariesand discipline, Academic supervision etc. Because of heavy pre-occupation onthe part of UEO's supervision of primary schools has remained unsatis-sactory for a long time. To correct the situation, a cadre of AUEO's (50%)recruited from head teachers and the rest from graduate outsiders put throughshort course of training have been recruited for closer and effective supervision.The AUEO is an itinerant officer spending almost all his working days invisiting schools and taking remedial measures.
On an average each AUEO is assigned for 20 to 30 schools and he issupposed to visit all schools at least once a month. School Managing Commtteeheaded by the resident member of the local body (Union Paiishad) with thehead teacher acting as the Secretary is directly responsible for supervision andmanagement of the primary school, which is overseen by the Upazila ShikkhaParishad.
Cluster Trainingi Activities :School-based Cluster-Training is an innovative attempt to help professional
growth of the primary school teachers in a continuous manner. The primaryobjective of this kind of training is to help the teachers to solve theit
SOURCE : iReport on the Experimental Cluster Training May-June, 1983. pp 1-2Directorate of Primary Education Ministry of Education.
day-to-day teaching-learning problems, Between January and April, 1983altogether 16,000 teachers participated in a week-long crash courssThis course was intendent to prepare the teachers for their role inUPE and laid the foundation for further recurrent training. The course alsoprovided opportunity for the Assistant Upazila Education Officsrs (AUEOJ) toorganise teachers training with the help of UEOs and resourcs persons fromthe PTIs. National Academy for Primary Education (NAPE) etc. This on--the-job training for all 16,000 teachers will be implemented in stages atschool level. It will be organised cluster-wise by the AUEOs. There are 4—7AUEOs in an Upazila under the overall authority of the UEO. Each AUEOworks with the 16—25 schools within each cluster. The AUEOs visit all theseschools in his/her cluster regularly and organise regular teacher training for theteachers at each school, Cluster bas?d training will enable the teachers toparticipate in their own professional development. Through group discussionand study they will identify their own problems and become conscious of theirown training needs. In discussion they may gain ideas for practical applicationin the classroom which they may try-out on an individual basis. AUEOs visitsto school will not only motivate the teachers but also give them support andfeed back whereby they may improve their competence in the classroom.
Cluster-based training will enable teacher training and support to be linkedwith the professional supervision of schools. At cluster level the AUEOswill move from school to school observing examples of good classroom teachingThey will be able to diseminate these good examples to other schools in thecluster. AUEOs will combine their role as supervisors of schools with a roleas construct ive supporters and communicators to teachers.
Community Learning Centre (CLC)2 :
To achieve the goal of universalisation of primary education for5 years alternative recourse to non-formal education by way of establishingCommunity Learning Centre has been undertaken. The centre will be used toCreate a learning situation for the whole community in which the childrenare the main beneficiary. The idea is to make parents regard education oftheir children as a part of total community activity. The most important com-ponent of the CLC is to educate the parents various aspects of life and en-vironment including functional literacy keeping in view the requirement tochildhood education. Fifty CLC have already been started functioning andits number is gradually increasing by phases.
Text Book :
The National Curriculum and Text Book Board is responsible for writing,printing and distribution of Text Books for primary to secondary levels, Asystem has been introduced by which manuscripts of primary Text Bookshave to be pre-tested at the NAPE. Printing of Text Books is done at theprivate printing presses appointed by the NCTB. For distribution of primarytext-books responsibility lies with the Directorate of Parimary Education.In 1986, all the students have been supplied with free text-books.
SOURCB : Fducation in Bangladesh.Bangladesh Bureau of Educational information and Statistics, 1985.p. 10.
Educational Technology :
Since January, 1981 Radio Bangladesh in collaboration with the BangladeshInstitute of Distance Education (BIDE) has been broadcasting 40-minute pro-grammes on education for six days a week. The radio programme is meantfor teachers and students. It includes subjects like, Bengali, English and Socialstudies, etc.
Besides, mobile audio-visual vans ars used for teachers training andnon-formal education. There is a regular programme of production,distribution and showing of audio video-cassettes for the purpose. Preparationand printing of educational wall Charts and Maps on different subjects areprepared for distribution to primary and secondary schools for classroom teaching
Short training courses on audio-visual teaching aids and audio controlconsole sets for the primary and secondary schools teachers and made available.
It has also been proposed to strengthen the training of teachers of primaryand secondary schools for production and utilization of low cost teaching aidsand materials and acquaint them with modern educational media and technology.The Bangladesh Institute of Destance Education (BIDE) also exhibits educa-tional programmes through films and Video tapes in different institutionsin the country.
Financing primary education :
The recurring expenditure on primary education in 1972-73 was Tk. 450million, and following large scale nationalisation of primary schools in 1973and 1974, it went upto Tk. 840 million in 1975-76. The recurring expenditure-on primary education was Tk. 2100 million in 1984-85. The Plan allocationfor development of primary education during 1965—70 was Rs. 250, millionwith an expected utilisation of Rs. 149 million. The Plan allocation for deve-lopment of" primary education during 1973—80 period was Tk. 800 million.The fund actually allocated through ADP was Tk. 368 milin with actual expenditureof Tk. 341, million. Actual expenditure as percentage of the Plan allocationwas thus 42-62%.
The unit costs for primary education in 1978 and 1981 was Tk. I l l andTk. 133 respectively. Adjusted for ever-reporting of enrolment the unit cost comesto Tk. 133 and Tk. 181 respectively.
-v
Participation of Local Community for promotion of Primary Education :
Bangladesh has a long tradition of patronising primary and secondaryeducation through community support in the form of outright gift of land,cash donation and providing other sources of income for the schools, voluntarylabour, donating materials for construction and the like. Even now a newschool could be established only on land made available free of cost by thecommunity. Although a state responsibility, the Government feels that com-munity has a big role to play in motivating parents and guardians toj sendtheir wards to the primary schools and keep them there till completion ofclass-V. Upkeep the school structure and premises and safeguarding; schoolproperties, making the school the centre of social and cultural activities andby taking interest in the welfare of the students in many other ways also comesunder the perview of community participation.
8
In order to enable the community to discharge the above responsibilitiesand promote primary euducation the Government has taken the primary schooladministration and management upto the lowest tier of general administrationcalled thana (aow-Upazila) which has typically 80—100 schools serving a popu-lation of about 2000,000. Excepting certain policy matters relating to universa-lisation of primary education and maintenance of uniformity of standard ofteaching and students' achievement, the Upazilla would develop and manageprimary education within its jurisdiction including appointment and transferof teachers. There are Upazila Education Committee formed for the purpose.Similarly, every school has a representative managing committee to ensure,proper functioning of the schools. Government is also encouraging for mationof parent-Teachers Association in every school to toster greater cooperationand understanding between the community and the ichool.
Prospect of Universalisation :
The perticipation rate of the primary-age-group children has remained almosconstant over the last few years and the latest rate obtained for Bangladesh is about 67 %. Efforts of universalisation of education at the primarylevel are going on. Both the Government and non-government sectorsaro trying hard to achieve the target. Meanwhile, the size of the target grouppopulation is also increasing every year. Table 1.1 shows population projeo-tion of Bangladesh by sex for the years 1985—90 between age group 5 to 10years under medium variant.
An attempt has also been made to project primary enrolment for the sameperiod by age and grade under various assumptions. Details of the assump-tions made in projecting primary enrolment under alternate assumptions havebeen shown in relevant tables.
Second Primary Education Project 3 (SPEP):
The Second Primary Education Project (SPEP) for 1985—90 is concernedwith the overall development of primary education in approximately 37,000primary schools run directly by the Government through those componentstoommon to all schools including teacher training, curriculum developmenttextbook distribution as well as distribution of learning materials the interimgoal for UPE by 1990 would be :
(a) to increase primary school enrolment (particularly of girls), from. the present 60% to about 70% of the the 6—10 age-group.
(b) to ensure that a great majority of those enrolled in 1985 completethe 5-years primary cycle ; and
(c) to improve internal efficiency of primary schools through bettormanagement, effective supervision and improved instruction.
The enrolment is intended to be increased from 8.9m in 1985 to 11 6min 1990.
Financing:
During the Third Five years Plan (TFYP) the project will be financedjointly by the Government of Bangladesh and four International Agenciesyfr. IDA, UNICEF, CIDA and UNDP. The IDA will provide assistance as
Source : 3 An outline of the Second Primary Education Project (1985—1990)
toft loan while other agencies will provide assistance as grant. The UNDP' grant for Technical Assistance will be executed by UNESCO. The lendingdonor agencies will finance 86% of the project cost during the first three years(1985—88) of TFYP. The quantum of aids is as follows :
"'-'•• Agencies
(a) IDA
(b) UNICEF -
(c) SEDA
(d) UNDP
Total
US %Million
7800
1317
6*70
1-83
99*70
Taka in Lakh
21450-00
3621-75
1842-50
503-26
27,417-51
Integrated School Development (ISD) Programme :
The Second Primary Education Project (1985—90) is concerned with overalldevelopment of primary education through those components common to allschools including teacher training, curriculum development, textbook productiondistribution and learning materials distribution.
Within this everall project, however, almost one-third of the schools willbe taken up for more intensive development under, the "Integrated SchoolDevelopment" or ISD programme which in addition to the components listedabove for the overall project includes the components of civil works, furniture,
' project-related training, community orientation programmes and communityimputs to schools.
The ISD programme, therefore, serves as the leading edge and thrust for-vthe development efforts towards universalizing primary education during the- Third Five Year Plan period (1985—90) through the provision of extra facilities.
Universal Primary Education (UPE) Project:4
The universalization of primary education (UPE) and the eradication' ofilliteracy are two of the basic goals of the Government's Perspective Develop-mant Plan for the period 1980—2000. Upto 1980, development of primaryeducation was unco-ordinated and seriously hindered by financial and otherconstraints. The SFYP (1980—85) marked the beginning of the parspectiveplan for UPE. The Governmant included the development of primary educa-tion as a priority goal for the SFYP period. Primary education development
; allocation reached more than 46% of the total allocations for the educationsector.
The present scheme is the revision of the ongoing and approved UPE(National) project as mentioned above. The project was executed duringSFYP which emphasized the need for expansion and improvement of primary
Source : 4An outline of the Second Primary Education Project (1985 90)pp. 1, Directorate of Primary Education, Ministry of Education.
id
-education by increasing enrolment, reducing dropouts and repetition and streng-thening of educational administration. During the TFYP (1985—90) the Direc-torate of Primary Education has been entrusted with the task of implementa-tion of UPE. The Director-General of Primary Education is the Project Director.The main thrust of the UPE activity would be in planning and implementationof the project in collaboration with the Upazilla Parishads in accordance withthe decentralization policy of the Government.
Promotion Policy:
Promotion to the next higher grade at the Primary level is given on thebasis of the satisfactory results of the annual examination held ait the endof each calendar (January to December) year. As a result many of the studentsleave the school system only for avoiding to appear ,at the annual examina-tion. Of those who remain at the school on the average 50% fails to bepromoted from class I to class II alone. This system has thus been atributingsubstantially for the huge wastage caused at the Primary level.
To avoid this situation, Government decided to treat both the Classes I andII as one unified ungraded Class. The reading and writing of the ungradedclass will be continued for consecutive years. After two years every studentof class I will be promoted to class III. This practice will, however, notinclude those children who are minors and have been reading in free-primary(Baby) class. Details of the governments promotion policy introduced witheffect from the academic year 1986 may be seen at annexures I and II.
Primary Education Act:
Government of Bangladesh Promulgated Act No. VET of 1974 to make. provisions for the taking over of certain Primary Schools by the Government
or setting the passage for universalisation of education at the primaiy level.
To provide for better organisation of primary education and efficient adminis-tration and management of the affairs of -prmiary schools, the Primary Educa-
' tion Act, 1981 was promulgated.
In the meantime government started reorganisung the administration atthe upazila level and in terms of the local government (Upazila Parishad andUpazila Administration Reorganisation) Ordinance, 1982 began upgrading theThana in phases. Under the reorganisied set-up, each upazila is the foca! point
• of all administrative activities. Government resolution circulated under CabinetDivision's No. DA-12(26)/82-449, dated 23rd October 1982 states that the
-affairs of education upto primary level shall vest in the Upazila Parishad.Thus, under the changed circumstances the Primary Education Act, 1981 having
. become obsoiate, has since been repealed and in exereise of the powers con-ferred the revised Primary Education Act, 1983 was promulgated (AnncxiureIII, IV and V refers).
PART H
13
TABLE 1.1 I Population Projection of Bangladesh (Medium Variant) forChildren (6-11) Years, 1985—90.
v* [In thousand)
YearIvuli
1985 «.
1986. _., .
1987 .,.
1988,. , r.. . '
1989 „.
1990
-
TABLE
•> -
Bangladesh
Chittagong
Chittagong
SexUWAi
TotalGirls
TotalGirls
TotalGirls--
TotalGirls
TotalGirls
TotalGirls
' 6
31091504;
32031550
32651565
33411606
34191649
34991694
1.2 i Population
-
District/Division
Division
...
Cox's Bazar
Bandarban V *
Khagrachari
Rangamati . . .
Brahmanbaria
-
-
—
***
.„
...
„.
7
29991451
30961498
31851541
32491561
33241603
34021945
A
8
28951400
2991'1446
. 30841491
3166• 1531
" 3232. 1588
. 33071599
of Bangladesh by
• -
-
-
-
• • •
. . .
. . .
«•
• -
"
-
•9
27951352
28881397
29841442
30721484
31581521
32161554
. . .
10
26991307
27881349
28821393
29761438
30591478
31291511
District: 1961,
.-1* * i
' ]
• •
11
26041262
26191302
27811345
28751389
29681433
30471471
' 171018276
175858542
• 181818777
186799009
" 191509242
• 19600
9474
1974 and 1981.
[In
Population
1961
50840 "
13629 '
2443
539 '
50 '
98
236
1151
1974
71479
18636
3506
809
64
116
326
1473
thousand]
1981^
87052
22565
4457
1018
76
150
518
1728
Source 5 UNESCO Population Projection for Bangladesh.
14
District/Division1961
1150
2078
590
816
975
852
742
8671027
14966
1138
652
701
730
784
761829
434
686
654
573
88456412301892960I486
Population
1974
1543
2802
760
966
1508
1082
991
12061478
21316
2755
898
905
908
1067
10771074
615
845
8074
716
12548041576
. 264412862077
19*1
1796
3355
.896
1112
1804
1277
1171
13091801
86248
4069
1173
1059
1064*
1354
13271258
731
984
945
848
1489955189931931439
2443
Chandpur ...
Comilla „
Feni
Lakshmipur
Noakhali
Habigonj .„
Moulovi Bazar
Sunamgonj ...
Sylhet
Dhaka Division
Dhaka
Gazdpur
Manikgonj ...
Munshigonj . .
NarayangonJ
Narshinghdi
Faridpur —
Rajbari „
Oopalgonj ...
Madaripor _
Sariatpur ~
Jamalpur
Sherpur m
Kisboregonj
Mymensingh
Natrokona .,.
Tangail
District/DivisionPopulation
rl961
9904
1132
707
•403
737
733
383
626
838
350
374
792
841
814
314
660
1916
11850
1282
291
1010
287
412
850
1108
1974
14195
1536
959
500
932
909
589
908
1402
516
438
1027
1386
1143
535
1022
325
17331
1723
.507
1457
480
633
1255
1559
1981
17149
1852
1139
590
1090
1218
711
1114
1699
612
590
1218
1777
1357
650
1232
390
21080
2101
616
1810
575
812
1552
1865
Khulna Division
- Barisal
Bhola
Jhalokati
Perojpur
Patuakhali . .
Barguna
Jhenaidah . .
Jessore
Magura
Narail „.
Bagerhat
Khulna
Satkhira
Chuadanga ...
Kushtia
Meherpur ...
Rajshahi Division
Bogra
Jaipurhat
Dinajpur1 Paachagarh
ThakuigaoQ
Pabna
Serajgonj
16
Noagaon
Natore
Nawabgoaj ...
Rajshahi
Oaibandha ..
Kurigram
Lalmonhhat
Nilphamari ..
Rangpur
TABLE 1.3. :
Age Group.
All ages
0—4
5—9
10—14
15—19
20—24 ..
25—29
30—34
35—39
4 0 - 4 4
45-49
ict/Division
•*>
• •
• •
...
• •
...
• •
• .•
.-
•*•
•*•
• •
• »
•-•
T961
997
545
540
728
9626
742
462
693
934
Mid Year (July) Population Projection oiGroup and Sex, 1985 and 1990.
BothSexes.
98657
14398
13232
11760
10519
10015
8103
6734
5538
4579
3715
1985
Male
50750
7367
6794
6068
5430
5233
4148
3459
2874
2358
1909
Female
47907
7031
6438
5692
5089
4782
3955
3275
2709
2221
1806
BothSexes.
108026
14648
13716
13018
11561
10273
9731
7845
6487
5341
4340
Population
1974
1424
858
794
1190
1339
1090
674
962
1380
19811
1721
1066
9331541
1569
1266
800
1150
1703
Bangladesh by Age
[Thousand]
1990
Male
55763
7497
.7041
6694
5974"
5307
5088
4020
3334
2745
2225
Female
52763
7151
6675
6324
5587
4966
4643
3825
3153
2596
2115
SOURCB : Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh 1980, PP.—692, 693 BangladeshiBureau of Statistics, Ministry of Planning.
17
Age Group
50—54
55—59
60—64
65—69
70—74
75—79
80—84
85
0+4
5+17
18+
Percentage :
0+4
5—17
18+
'BothSexes.
2963
2351
1839
1299
836
471
193
63
14398
31378
52881
14.52
31.80
53.60
1985
Male
1511
1198
948
664
423
237
97
31
7367
16152
27231
14.60
31.83
53.65
1 i
Female
1452
1153
891
635
413
234
96
32
7031
15226
25650
14.67
31.78
53.55
rBothSexes.
3465
2696
2055
1511
971
539
244
80
14648
33851
59527
13.56
31.34
55.10
1990
Male
1768
1361
1033
765
484
265
119
38
7497
17412
30854
13.45
31.22
55.33
Female
1697
1335
1022
. 746
486
274
125
42
7151
16439
28673
13.68
31.46
54.86
SOURCE : Statistical Year book of Bangladesh 1985 and 1990.Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, PP—41 ;
TABLE 1.4 : Number of Primary Schools, 1948—85.
Year Number Year Number
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
29,633
29,067
26,989
26,352
26,153
26,260
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
26,227
26,000
26,220
26,281
26,579
26,688
3-D
18
Year Number Year Number
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
26,583
26,665
26,747
27,149
27,562
27,649
28,042
28,225
28,492
28,908
29,082
28,731
31,613
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985*
36,537
36,633
39,914
40,313
41,129
43,634
43,739
43,936
43936
43,936
44,028
44,047
44,200
•Estimated.
SOURCE : a. Pakistan Statistical Year-Book, 1960.
b. Statistical Year-Book of Bangladesh, 1975, pp. 177.
c. Annual Reports of DPI for 1970-71, 1972-83, and 1973-74, pp. 3
d. Statistical Pocket-book of Bangladesh, 1978, pp. 252.
TABLE 1 . 5 : Number of Primary Schools by Sex 1948—85.
Year
1948
1949
1950
2951
1952
Number of
For boys& girls
29,633
29,067
26,989
26,352
26155
Schools
For girlsalone.
4,777
4,191
2,671
2,313
2,154
Year
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
Number of«r
For boys& girls
26,260
26,227
26,000
26,220
26,281
Schools
For girlsalone.
2,380
2,313
2,144
2.251
2,281
19
Year
1958
1959
1960
I96I
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
Number <
For boys& girls
26,579
26,688
26,583
26,665
26,747
27,149
27,562
27,649
28,042
28,225
28,492
28,908
29,082
jf Schools
For girlsalone.
2,114
2,085
1,973
1,911
1,793
1,803
1,714
1,747
1,665
1,749
1,649
1,591
1,591
Year
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985* . .
Number
For boys& girls
29,125
31,613
36,542
36,633
29,914
40,313
41,129
43,634
43,739
43,936
43,936
43,937
44,028
44,047
44,200
of Schools.A ,
For girlsalone.
1,393
1,495
1,983
230
230
242
•••
• •
• *
• •
• > •
• •
•Estimated.SOURCE : a. Pakistan Education Index. 1970.
b. Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh, 1975 pp. 177.c. Annual Report of DPI for 1970-72 and 1973-74, pp. 3.d. Statistical Pocket Book of Bangladesh, 1978.
TABLE 1.6: Number of Primary Schools by Management, 1948—85.
Year,Non-
Government Government Total
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
39
37
35
36
5,068
5,075
5,099
29594-
29030 •
26954
26316
21085 '
21185
21128 "
29633
29067
26989
26352
26153
26260
26227
20
Year Government Non- TotalGovernment
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
5,092
5,164
5,193
21,689
23,507
23,505
23,541
23,638
23,780
24,023
24,103
24,510
24,821
25,019
25,736
26,399
27,134
N.A.
28,106
36,165
36,165
36,165
36,142
36,142
36,468
36,665
20908
21056
21088
4890
3181
3078
3124
3109
3369
3539
3546
3532
3404
3473
3172
2683
1597
N.A.
8431
468
3749
4148
4997
7492
7271
7271
26000
26220
26281
26579
26688
26583
26665
26757
27149
27562
27649
28042
28225
28492
28908
29082
28731
N.A.
36537
36633
39914
40313
41129
43634
43739
43936
21
Year. Government Non- TotalGovernment.
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985*
36,665
36,666
36,666
36,685
36,698
7371
7271
7362
7368
7502
43936
43,937
44028
44047
44200
SOURCE : Pakistan Education Index, 1970,
SOURCE a. Statistical Year-Book of Bangladesh, 1975 pp. 179.b. Annual Report of DPI for 1970-72 and 1973-74, pp. 16.c. Statistical Profile of Education in Bangladesh, 1978 pp. J5.
TABLE 1.7: Number
District/Division
of Primary Schools by District: 1985
Institution
Total Government
Bangladesh
Chittagong Division
Chittagong
Cox's Bazar ..
Bandarban
Khagiachari ..
Rangamati
Brahmanbaria
Chandpui
Comilla
Feni
Lakshmipur . .
Noakhali
Hobigonj •
41359
11268
1725
400
167
175
396
715
869
1401
433
562
829
775
36698
10468
1629
362
166
172
374
674
765
1267
393
527
756
760
22
District/DivisionInstitution
Total Government
729
980
1124
10933
811
551
521
515
541
619
583
311
633
459
445
605
409
849
1356
732
985
8730
965
494
423
705
690
880
1085
9768
776
503
442
487
496
571
507
255
537
428
382
560
347
780
1168
657
872
7464
858
409
361
665
Moulavi Bazar
Sunamgocj
Sylhet
Dhaka Division . .
Dhaka
Gazipui
Manikgonj
Munshigonj
Narayangonj ..
Narshingdi
Faridpur
Rajbari
Gopalgonj
Madaripur
Sariatpur
Jamalpur
Sherpur
Kishoregonj ..
Mymensingh ..
Netrokona
Tangail
Khnlna Division
Barisal
Bhola
Jhalokati
Perojpur
23
District/DivisionInstitution
.A
Total Government
Patuakhali
Barguna
Jhenaidah
Jessore
Magma
Narail
Bagerhat
Khulna
Satkhira
Chuadanga
Kushtia
Meherpur
Rajshahi Division . .
Jaipurhat
Dinajpur
Panchagarh
Thakurgaon ..
Pabna
Serajgonj
Noagaon
Natore
Nawabgonj
Rajshahi
Gaibandha
Kungram
701
469
460
779
306
347
705
667
724
301
501
174
10428
1064
297
985
349
462
775
1041
914
457
-444
571
841
630
542
389
414
639
269
283
588
604
604
249
433
157
8998
945
259
826
300
407
641
858
772
395
361
497
772
527
24
District/DivisionInstitution
Total Government
Lalmonirhat
Nilphamari
Rangpur
320
543
735
293
471
674
Notes: Figures include Government and Non-Government (Registered)Schools.
SouRCB ; Statistics on Population and Education by Upazila/Disirict, p. 14.
TABLE 1.8 ; Number of Primary Schools by Location 1973—85.
Year.
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
Number
Rural
35079
35167
38317
38700
39483
41888
41989
42178
42176
42266
42266
42285
42432
of Primary
Urban
1458
1466
1597
1613
1646
1746
1750
1758
1760
1761
1762
1762
1768
Schools
Total
36537
36633
39914
40313
41129
43634
43739
43936
43936
43937
44028
44047
44200
SOURCE i Statistics on Primary Education, p. 71.
TABLE 1.9 : " Catchment area per Primary School "by District, 1984.
SI. '"' "Name of the District.No. "
Number of Area in Sq.Total Area^Institutions" Km." (KM) Per
--—Institution.
..1 , Dhaka .,.
2 Gazipur
3 Narayangqnj
4 .Munshigonj
5 Manikgonj
6 Narsingdi
7 Faridpur ...
9 Shariatpur
lO'-Rajbari . .
11 Gopalgonj
1 Tangail
13 Jamalpur ..
14 Sherpur
15 Mymensingh
16 Netrokona
17 Kishorgonj
811
599
541
515
521
619-583
45?
-459-
—311-
cr
t.-C
633
985
605
409
1356
732
849
1469
1821 ̂ • c^
707
987
1370
1116
2082
Ml3.04
1.31
1.92
HI1.80
3.57
-1103;
1484
349T
2033
1316"
3999
3118
255V
— ; 2r47,
^—3^5• *-5. c£
2.34
3.45
3.36
3.22—>* i c
2.95
4.26
3.00
DiyisipN 10933 30770 2.81
Chittagong
20 Chittagong, Hill Tracts
21 . Khagrachhari
22 Bandarban .
1725
400
396
176
167
5214
2243
6098
2590
4501
J3.O2
15.38
14.72
26.95
26
SI.No.
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
Name of the District.
Noakhali
Laksmipur
Feni
Comilla
Chandpur
Brahmanbaria
Sylhet
Moulvibazar
Hobigonj
Sumangonj
CHITTAGONG DIVISION
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
Rajshahi
Nawabgonj
Natore
Naogaon
Rangpur ..
Lalmonirhat
Nilphamari
Gaibandha
Kurigram
Dinajpur
Panchagarh
Thakurgaon
Pabna
Sirajgonj
Number ofInstitutions
829
562
433
1401
869
715
1124
729
761
980
11268
571
444
457
914
735
320
543
841
630
985
349
462
775
1041
Area inSq. Km.
3054
1422
984
3069
1655
1875
3504
3165
2049
3535
44949
2461
1673
1862
3460
2323
1212
1632
2157
2271
3447
1300
1818
2331
2401
Total Area(KM) PerInstitution.
3.68
3.68
2.37
2.19
1.90
2.62
3.12
4.34
2.70
3.61
3.99
4.31
3.77
4.07
3.79
3.16
3.79
3.00
2.59
3.60
3.50
3.72
3.94
3.01
2.31
27
SI. Name of the District.No.
47 Bogra
48 Joypurhat
RAJSHAHI DIVISION : . .
49 Khulna
50 Bagerhat . .
51 Satkhira
52 Jessore
53 Jhenaidah . . •
54 Magura
55 Narail
56 Kushtia
57 Chuadanga
58 Meherpur . .
59 Patuakhali
60 Barguna
61 Barisal
62 Bhola
63 Pirojpur
64 Jhalokathi
KHULNA DIVISION :
BANGLADESH :
Number ofInstitutions
1064
297
10428
667
705
604
779
460
306
347
510
301
174
701
469
965
494
705
423
8730
41359
Area in,Sq. Km.
2922
966
34236
4470
3939
3758
2593
1961
1036
984
1567
1160
712
2652
1443
2416
2756
1375
751
33600
143555
Total Area(Km) PerInstitution.
2.75
3.25
3.28
6.70
5.59
6.22
3.33
4.26
3.30
2.84
3.07
3.58
4.09
3.78
3.08
2.50
5.58
1.95
1.78
3.85
3.47
NOTE : Figures include government and non-government (registered sehcol).
SOURCE : Statistics on population and Education by upazila District pp. 8-14'
28
TABLE 2.1 : Number of Primary School Teachers by~Sex. 1984-85.
Year ^
1948
1949
1950
1951 ~
1952 >
1953.:
1954.?
1955. Z
1956 N• ^ * *
1957 -
1958S
1959-
1960-
1961s
1962-
1963.
1964
1965
1966-70
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
- - - -
A A ^ •«
• • •*•
.-v>c
. , . . „
% * • - -
. . . . .
. '.
. . . ,
t •
- • • • ? - • M a l e
72,703--
67,932
. . ^ 64,999
. . ? 2 *^ ' 61,942
... ->> 60,056
. . r " 65,175
. . \:> 69,988
. . ™ 69,716
. . A>^ 70,111
... „ „ 69,566
... r v 72,882
... , . ? 75,432
.,. . ^ 76,843
.,. y~ 78,803
. . .„ 80,873
... ^ 84,767
... ^ 90,487
92,511' i ~ *>•
N.A.
. . _ 1,14,734
1,33,270
. . ; :.. 1,51,806
. . f 1,44,378
1,56,320
1,63,690
1,63,537
Female
2,921
2,471
1,822
' "2,873''
1,898
1,913
1,900
1,761
1,863
1,672
1,843
1,691
1,619
1,721
1,604
1,846
1,960
2,019
N.A.
2,541
3,238
3,936
5,889
8,399
8,758
10,847
Total
75,324
70,403
66,821
64,815
61,954
- 67,088
• 71,888
71,477
. 71,974
.71,538
....,-74,725
. . . . . -77,123
.„. ..,.. -78,462
. _. 80,524
82,477
86,613
93,447
94,530
N.A.
1,17,275
1,36,508
- 1,55,742
1,50,267
1,64,715
1,72,448
1,74,384
:29
•Year
1978 V
1979CO
1980
1981 "
1982
1983)71 no Aiyo4— •_ —
f985* "
TABLE 2. 2
Year? , :
1948>?-"
l ^ 9 £ T . :
l950>iT- :
1951??,:
1952VS'-:
1953-5- '
1954 -? "
1955
1956 ;
1957'
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
. «
. - r - c - ~ >: ••
: Number of Primary
r>\7 Govt.-,
~;.^-' ioo
^•~ : ioo"
•?/••£ ioo"
V.£ : £ ioo
~^-"i£ i8,iba
7.«--v- 16,20V
-.v--:r- 16,200
V-."*- 16,500
P5-"- 16,400
67,000"
68,800
70,400
72,600
74,500
,c Male .. :
1,71,735 . •
. 1,72,960 : : 7 I
1,72,033
1,73,143 * " " "
' 1,73,183 -
Cl,74,692
"1,74,801
School Teachers by
.£.>.; Local bodies
=---: 48,810
• - - • : 48,703-
- -- * 48,010 •
v~--: 47,105-
- • - ' : 45,400-
' : - ' : 37,498-
" ' 45,000"
<":- 45,450"
45,900'
'•"-•" 46,708"
9 2 5 -
1,023
1,162
1,024
1,200
Female
14,409
14,544
14,345
14,861
15,066
15,192
15,199
Management
Private
26,714
21,700
18,711
17,610
15,454
11,500
10,698
9,927
9,574
8,430
6,800
7,300
6,900
6,900
6,777
Total"
1,86,144
1,87,504
1,86,378
1,88,004
l;88,243
1;89,884
1,90J000
1948-85,,..
Total"
75-624
70;403"
66^721
64,815
61^954
67,098
71,888
7i;477
71,974
71,'538
74,725
"•" 77,123
78,462
•80,524
82,477
SOURCE : Pakistan Education Index.
Statistical year book of Bangladesh, 1981, pp. 386
N.A. means not available.
30
Year Govt. Local bodies Private Total
1963
1964
1965
1966-70
77,700
82,700
84,700
N.A.
.-
...
...
• •
• •
. . .
. . .
1,303
1,490
1,730
N.A.
Govt.
81,922
1,00,042
1,18,162
1,42,824
1,55,023
1,55,141
1,56,748
1,54,277
1,56,293
1,51,731
1,53,054
1,57,182
1,57,182
1,57,191
1,57,243
7,600
8,340
8,100
N.A.
Non-Govt.
35,353
39,466
37,580
7,443
39,694
17,307
17,636
31,867
31,211
34,647
34,950
31,061
32,703
32,709
32,757
86,613
92,530
94,530
N.A.
Total
1,17,275
1,36,508
1,55,742
1,50,267
1,64,717
1,72,448
1,74,384
1,86,177
1,87,504
1,86,378
1,88,004
1,88,243
1,89,884
1,89,900
1,90,000
Year
1971
1972
1973
1974
X915
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985*
NOTE : •Estimated.
1 Includes 14230 teachers of 3101 Non-Govt. (unregistered) Schools.
SOURCE : i. Pakistan Education Index. 1970
ii. Statistical Year book of Bangladesh, 1975. (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics)pp. 386
iii. Annual Report of DPI 1973-74, pp. 19
iv. Statistical Pccket Book cf Bacglf e'esh 1S78, <B<'rgIf«ih E u « v cf Stctiftics)pp. 253
31
TABLE : 2.3 Primary Teacher-Student Ratio by District. 1985
No. District
1 Dhaka
2 Gazipur
3 Manikgonj ..
4 Munshigonj . .
5 Narayangonj
6 Narsingdi
7 Mymensingh ..
8 Kishoregonj
9 Netrokona . .
10 Tangajl
11 Jamalpur
12 Sherpur
13 Farfdpur
14 Rajbari
15 Madaripur . .
16 Gopalgonj . .
17 Sariatpur
18 Chittagong . .
19 Cox's Bazar . .
20 Rangamati . .
21 Khagrachari „
22 Bandarban . .
23 Noakhali . ,
24 Lakshmipur ..
25 Feni
Number of Number of RatioTeacher. Student.
4183
2667
2338
1616
2267
2754
5535
3427
2750
4345
2195
1538
2278
1323
1795
2490
1459
7868
1979
1326
569
400
3522
2342
1790
249296
154474
112685
115614
162503
156606
277556
157189
125919
229569
120350
79958
131861
70892
82162
199599
75724
466735
93645
36796
20089
17449
192362
125054
92877
59
58
48
71
71
57
50
46
46
53
55
52
58
53
46
44
52
59
47
28
35
43
54
53
52
32-
No. District Number ofTeacher.
Number of"Student.
Ratio
26 Comilla
27 Chandpur
28 Brahman
29 Sylhet .„ ""
30 Moulovi bazar
31 Hob'igonj ''.~.~'~
32 Sunaingonj "7.."'" *
33 Rajstiabi "7.."~"
34 Nawabgonj" ,",r
35 Natbre *:.." C"
36 Noagaon V.."""'
37 Rangpur
38 Lalmbnirhat .".
39 Nilp'h'amarrL"v
40 Gaibandha I..* '
41 Kurigram "...'
42 Dinajpur "T»~"
43 Panchagarh t"VV
44 Thalcurgaon
45 Patina "M*""
46 Shirajgonj ...
47 Bog>a ")!."~
48 Jaipurhat v "S~
49 Khulna \.."
50 Bagerhat
51 Satkhira .;,.:.:
52 Jessore .„• .
6813
3982
2810
251 i
2085
2361
3128
2362
•>.055'
1925
3845"
3125'
1187
2160'
3534'
3027'
3932'
1155
1581'
3545
4744
3909 .
1102
2923
2672-
2807
3277
370218
225651
142194
163414
123643"
104245 *
146483 "
111415
94084
119961 '"
224000j
1757100
61991^
1064i7
220i55
118842
199445
540i9 *'
76594
170102
221789
205970
61347"
178781
213717
132905
135205
54
56
50
65
59
44
47
47
46
62 '
58
~56
52
49
62
39
51
47 "
48
" 48
47
" 52
55 "
61
42
• 47 -
41-..
33
No. District Number ofTeacher.
Number of RatioStudent .
53 Jhenaidah
54 Magura
55 Narail
56 Kushtia
57 Chuadanga
58 Meherpur
59 Patuakhali
60 Barguna
61 Bhola
62 Pirojpur
63 Barisal
64 Jhalokati
1914
1335
1446
1983
1240
969
3179
2122
2090
2915
4006
1719
102962
68060
81278
117592
74950
37673
167739
99473
134435
149538
268896
92621
54
51
56
59
60
39
53
47
64
51
67
54
Total 167958 8920292 53
Note : Teachers and enrolment figures are shown for both Governmentand Non-Government (registered) schools.
Source : Statistics on Population and Education by Upazila/District, 1985p8-14
TABLE : 2.4 : Number of Teachers by Status of Training, 1984-85.
Year Total Trained TrainedTeacher Teacher %
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
5-D
75624
70403
66821
64815
61954
67088
32700
31700
32600
37300
36700
39500
84
Year Tatal Trainedteacher
Trainedteacher.
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
71888
71477
71974
71538
74725
77123
78462
80524
82477
86613
92530
° 94530
95700
97500
99300
101100
113700
117275
136508
155742
150267
164719
172448
174384
186144
187504
42200
44300
46700
50900
52200
52500
52400
50700
50500
55100
55300
56100
59600
61400
63200
65000.
67000
69193
81905
87216
88658
90871
120714
122069
131851
135003
59%
62%
65%
67%
60%
64%
35
Year Total Train 3dteacher
Trainedteacher.
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
186378
f 188004
188243
189884
189900
190000
137920
144763
163772
165199
172809
174000
74%
77.33
87.23
87.39
91%
92%
Source ; i. Pakistan Education Index, 1970.
ii. Survey of Primary School, IER. 1975 pp-15.
TABLE : 2.5 Enrolment and output of Trainees in Various Courses Conducted By AFE/NAPE, 1978—1985.
Year : 1978-1979
Description of Training CourseCourse Number Total man- Enrolement Output
duration of days training r •* -> <— •* —t Remarks(days) partici- h-ld TotLl Female Total Female
pants
1. Short Course Training forp.T.l. Instructors
2. Short Course Training forP.T.I. Superintendent
3. Short Course Training forP.T.I. Instructors.
28 42 38x42=1596 42
25 25X7=175 25
29 29X7=203 29
42
35
29
1. Short Course in English Training for 24 49P.T.I. Instructors.
Year : 1979-80
24x49 = 1175 49 49
1. Orientation of fHd levelOfficers (555) DEO/SDEO/TEP/DO
2. P.T.I. Superintendents Workshopon -Mass Literacy evaluation
Year: 1980-81
2 555 5x555=2775 555
1 29 1x19=19 19
555
19
TABLE : 2.5 Enrolment and onptat of Trainees in Various Courses Condncted By AFE/NAPE, 1978—1985.
Year : 1981-1982
Description of Training CourseCourse Number Total man- Enrolement Output
duration of days training <—— •* r~ -* '-> Remarks(days) partici- held Total Female Total Female
pants ••• •
1. Workshop for key project personnelof UPE (IDA) project
2. English leader Teachers'Short Course Training
5. Short Course Training onSupsrvision, Management T.E.O.S.
4. P.TJs
ysonnel , 3
7
19
.as.19
32
437
367
188
YEAR
3x32=96
7x437=3059
19x367=6973
19X188=3572
: 1982-83
32
437
367
188
5
1
11
32
437
367
188
5
1
.« .
11
i. Subject-wise Training forP.T.I. Instructors
21 164 21x164=3444 164 12 164 12
SOURCE : Returns from National Academy for Primary Education (NAPE).
Year : 1983-1984
Description of Training CourseCourse Number Total mandays Enrolement Output
duration of training held (— : —A — > < — •* • Remarks(days) partici- Total Female Total Female
pants
1. Training on Mother tongue (Bengali) 21among the Instructors of PTIs
2. Training on Mathematics among 21the Instructors of PTIs
3. Training on Science and Agriculture/ 21among the Instructors of PTTs
4. Training on Environmental Studies 21among the Instructors of PTIs
5. Training on Arts and crafts among 21the Instructors of PTTs
6. Training on English among the 21Instructors of PTIs
7. Subjxt-wise training of the 7Superintendents of PTIs
8. Origination Course on Foundation 7training and cluster training of DPEOand project officers.
41 21x41=861 41
40 21x40=840 40
47 21x47=987 47
36 21x36=756 36
30 21x30=630 30
37 21X37=777 37
45 7x45=315 45
54 7x54=378 54
3
2
3
4
• •
2
1
41
40
47
36
30
37
45
54
3
2
3
4
...
2
1
COoo
SOURCB : Returns from National Academy for Primary Education (NAPE)
Year : 1984-1985
Description of Training CourseCourse Number Tolal mandays Enrolment Outputduration of training held r— •** —* r~ ** ^ Remarks
(days) partici- Total Female Total Femalepants
1. Training on Education Psychology
2. Cluster training in different PTIsand Centres.
3. Cluster trainsing in different PTIsand Centres
4. Subject-wise training of theSuperintendent of PTIs
5. Training on different Subjects ofexperimental Schools
6.
7.
8.
Do.
Do.
Do.
9. Seminar on Contemporary Problemsof Primary Educations
10. Education Week
11. Seminar on Works Programme
14
7
7
14
14
14
14
14
1
7
7
43
55
48
I38
43
48
58
46
41
92
47
14x43=602
7x55 = 385
7X48=336
14x38=532 '
14x43*602
14x48=672
14x58=812
14x46=644
14x1=41
7x92=664
7x47=329
43i ' , j 1
55
48
38"
43
48
58
46
41
92
47
2
2
'1
3
8
t17
18
17
5
19
2
43
55
48
38
43
48
58
46
41
92
47
2
2
1
3
8
17
18
17
5
19
2
Year : 1984-1985
Description of Training Course
12. Research Seminar
13. Training of the newly appointedPTI Instructors
14. Work plan for the year1985-86 in PTIs
15. Training on Religious Subjectsin PTIs
16. Training on Physical Education
Course Number Total mandays Enrolementduration of training held ,— * ;-i(days) partici- Total Female
pants
Output
FemaleRemarki
12 70 12x70=840 70
14 49 14x49=686 49
52 3x52=156 52
30 7x30=210 30
57 5+57=285 57
14 70
17 49
3 52
1 30
12 57
14
17
12
SOURCB : Returns from National Academy for Primary Education (NAPE), pp. 1-6.
41
TABLE 2.6 : Number of Teachers and Trainees of PTIs by Institute for1982:83.
SI. Namo of the P. T. I.No.
1 Raipura
2 Manikgonj
3 Munshigonj
4 Madaripur ...
5 Faridpur ...
6 Taagail
7 Mymensingh
8 Mymenshing women ...
9 Nstrokona (Brishiri)...
10 Jamalpur ...
11 Netrokona
12 Kishorgonj
Dhaka Division
13 Chittagong
14 Patiya
15 Cox's Bazar
16 Maizdee ...
17 Feni
18 Laxmipur ...
19 Brahmonbaria ' ...
20 ComiUa
21 Aligonj
22 Sylhet
23 Moulovibazar
24 Sunamgonj
25 Hobigonj ...
' Chittagong Division
Number ofteachers.
7
6
8
5
12
8
6
• •••
• •••
5
7
7
64
6
5.
7
9
6
8
7-
12.
6
7 '
4
5-
?. 6 •
87 .
Number oftrainees.
195
224
194
206
200
201
148
• ••
• ••
200
166
200
1934
202
201
•55
£77
206
k93113
206
216
108
L36105
149
2,267
Teacher-TraineesRatio.
1:28
1:37
1:25
1:41
1:17
1:25
1:25
« » •
• ••
1:40
1:24
1:29
1:30
1:34
1:34
1:22
1:20
1-34
1:24
1:30
1:17
1-36
1:111:27
1:21
1:25
1:26
6—D
42
TABLE: 2.6 : Number of Teachers and Trainees of PTIsby Institute for1982-83
SI. Name of the P.T.I.No.
Teacher-Number of Number of Trainess
Teachers. trainees. Ratio.
26 Rajshahi ...
27 Natore
28 Naogaon ...
29 Pabna
30 Serajgonj ...
31 Bogra
32 Sonatala ...
33 Rangpur ...
34 Kurigram
35 Nilphamari
36 Gaibanda
37 Dinajpur ...
38 Thakurgaown
39 Jaypurhat ...
40 Nawabgonj
41 DadanchaJo (Nawabgonj)
Rajshahi Division
42 Kushtia
43 Khulna
44 Bagerhat
45 Satkhira
46 Pirojpur
47 Bhola
48 Sagordi
5
7
6
7
6
8
5
8
4
4
3
7
5
3
6
12
166
170
137
217
154
185
197
203
102
169
177
168
180
Course not
39
40
1:33
1:25
1:20
1:31
1:26
1:23
1,39
1:25
1:26
1:42
1:59
1:24
1:36
yet started
1:33
1:33
95
1
6
7
7
6
6
6
2304 1:24
Course not yet started
170
193
115
161
183
194
1:28
.as1-16
1:27
1:31
1:24
43
SI.No.
49
50
51
52
53
Name of the P.T.I.
Patuakhali ...
Jessore
Kamalpur ...
Jhinaidah ...
Magura
Khnlna Division
GROSS TOTAL :
Number ofTeachers.
11
5
10
10
8
73
Number ofTrainees.
200
158
171
203
129
1877
Teacher-Trainess
Ratio.
1:15
1-26
1:17
1:26
1:16
1:25
SOURCE : Evaluation Report of the school :Improvement and development of primary teacher's training inBangladesh, 1976-83. pp. 39.
TABLE : 2-7 Output of Teachers Trainees and outsider Trainees from the PTTs during1975-83:
YearTeacher Output Total
Total Female %(F) Total Female %(F) Total Female %(F)
1975-76
1976-77 .
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
Total
7746
6576
5758
4349
4925
3191
2118
2452
. . 37615
543
502
388
467
465
291
204
490
3350
8-30
7-63
6-74
7-57
9-44
9-12
9-63
19-98
8-91
2266
1624
1613
1668
2005
3099
5340
5072
22687
1125
1123
1172
1127
1264
2161
5158
4967
18097
49-65
69-15
72-66
67-57
63-04
69-73
96-59
97-93
79 -77
10012
8200
7371
6517
6930
6290
7458
7524
60302
1768
1625
1560
1494
1729
2452
5362
5457
21447
17-66
19'82
21-16
22-92
24-95
38-98
71 -90
72-53
35-57
NOTE(I) : Figures in percentages are the percentages of outsiders to total output for the year
SOURCE : EvdusticD Report of the Scheme, "Improvement ?nd Develormcr.t f ( pfSrr.r.iyTeacher Training in Bangladesh" (1975- 83) P~ 18
44
TABLE : 2.8 Primary stage age population (6-10) and Enrolment (ClassesI—V) for selected Years .
Year Primary-Age Enrolment Percentagepopulation enrolled.
1948
1950
1955
I960
1963
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985 *
SOURCE : Statistical year book of Bangladesh P-386Annual Report of DPI 1973-74, P 317
59,79,000
60,99,079
66,34,880
72,93,070
80,10,200
84,73,890
86,34,340
87,97,830
1,01,17,230
1,04,96,840
1,05,02,499
1,07,89,000
1,11,51,000
1,14,13,000
1,16,81,000
1,19,55,000
1,22,36,000
1,25,23,000
1,28,96,900
1,32,52,700
1,36,40,700
1,40,58,700
1,44,97,000
23,89,000
23,23,000
26,04,000
31,80,000
41,58,000
52,90,197
54,94,309
52,50,819
50,40,003
64,16,954
77,93,905
77,47,559
83,49,834
82,88,892
84,17,658
82,27,950
82,35,237
82,19,313
82,92,421
84,00,000
84,50,000
85,75,807
89,20,292
39-95
38-09
39-25
43-60
51-91
62-43
63-63
59 08
50-07
6113
74-21
71-81
72-88
72-63
72-06
68-82
67-30
62-63
65-00
64 00
62-00
61-00
61-52
45
TABLE : 2.9 : Enrolment in Primary School by Management : 1971—85
Year ' Management In Govt. In Non-Govt. TotalSchool School
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978*
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983*
1984
1985*
36,29,138
49,20,636
58,05,980
76,91,446
80,11,232
74,96,715
75,19,000
69,82,198
69,80,909
70,13,260
73,85,829
75,00,000
75,50,000
76,21,720
79,39,059
14,10,865
17,96,318
19,87,925
56,113
3,38,602
7,29,177
8,98,658
12,45,752
12,54,328
12,06,053
9,33,592
9,00,000
9,00,000
9,54,087
9,81,233
50,40,003
64,16,954
77,93,905
77,47,559
83,49,834
82,88,892
84,17,658
82,27,950
82,35,237
82,19,313
82,92,421
84,00,000
84,50,000
85,75,807
89,20,292
SOURCE : Annual Report of DPI 1973-74. P-18Statistical Pocket book of Bangladesh, 1.978. PP. 252-253.
TABLE : 3.1 Enrolment in Primary Schools by Sex. 1971—85.
Year ' Boys Girls Total
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
34,35,291
41,95,451
50,59,451
51,86,100
55,10,813
16,04,712
22,21,503
26,97,928
26,61,459
28,38,021
\
50,40,003
64,16,954
77,93,905
77,47,559
83,49,843
46
Year Boys Girls Total
1976 ... ... ... 51,72,309 31,16,583 82,88,892
1977 ... ... ... 52,57,000 31,60,658 84,17,658
1978 ... ... ... 51,79,872 30,48,078 82,27,950
1979 ... ... ... 51,87,434 30,40,516 82,35,237
1980 ... ... ... 49,22,391 32,96,922 82,19,313
1981 ... ... ... 49,52,625 33,39,796 82,92,421
1982 ... ... ... 49 83,000 34,17,000 84,00,000
1983 ... ... ... 50,12,500 34,37,500 84,50,000
1984 ... ... ... 50,97,819 . 34,77,988 85,75,807
1985* ... ... ... 53,52,180 35,68,112 89,20,292
SOURCE : Bangladesh Bureau of Educational information and Statistics (BANBEIS)
Annual Reports of DPI, 1973-74. p-18
TABLE : 3.2 Primary Enrolment by Grade and Sex (1980)
Grade Number of students Boys Girlsenrolled.
II
III
IV
V
Total ... ... 82,19,313 49,22,391 32,96,922
SOURCE : (A Handbood of Educational statistics (198J-86)Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Iipfcrmrtion end Statistics (BANBEIS) p-4
37,75,486
15,85,566
12,09,803
9,35,915
7,12,543
21,59,993
9,59,151
7,48,234
5,73,254
4,81,759
16,15,493
6,26,415
4,61,569
3,62,661
2,30,784
47
TABLE 3.3 : Primary Enrolment by Grade and sex [(1981)
Grade Boys Grils Total
I
II
in ... ...iv . ...
v . ...Tbtal ~. 49,52,625 33,39,796 82,92,421
SOURCE : Educational statistics 1980-86.Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics OBANBEIS)
TABLE 3.4 : Primary Enrolment by Grade and Sex (1982)
21,66,878
9,84,068
7,50,194
5,78,711
4,72,784
16,36,472
6,34,591
4,67,571
3,67,377
2,33,785
38,03,350
16,18,659
12,17,765
9,46,088
7,06,569
Grade.
I
II
inIV
v . . .Total
Number ofstudents enrolled.
38,20,202
16,30,496
12,49,625
9,75,128
7,24,549
84,00,000
Boys.
21,45,872
9,81,266
7,71,245
5,99,258
4,05,359
49,83,000
Girls.
16,74,330
6,49,230
4,78,380
3,75,870
2,39,190
34,17,000
SOURCE : Educational statistics 1980-86.
Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS)
TABLE 3.5 : Primary Entrolment by Grade and Sex (1983)
Grade.
IninIV
vTotal .,. 84,50,000 50,12,500 34,37,500
SOURCE : Educational statistics 1980-86.Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS)
Number ofStudents enrolled.
38,48,388
16,46,395
12,57,087
9,80,138
7,24,992
Boys.
2) ,64,013
9,93,270
7,75,837
6,02,013
4,77,367
Girls.
16,84,375
6,53,125
4,81,250
3,78,125
2,40,625
48
TABLE 3.6 : Primary Enrolment by Grade and Sex (1984)
Grade Number of BoysStudents enrolled.
Girls
I
II
in
IV
v
38,93,265
16,75,612
12,70,371
10,03,095
7,33,464
21,84,399
10,12,996
7,82,127
6,19,475
4,89,342
17,08,866
6,62,616
4,88,244
3,83,620
2,44,122
Total 85,75,807 50,97,819 34,77,988
SOURCE : Educational statistics 1980-86.Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBEIS)
TABLE 3.7 : Primary Enrolment by Grade and Sex (1985)
Gxade Number of BoysStudents enrolled.
Girls
I
II
mIV
V
39,94,131
17,84,058
13,38,043
10,70,435
7,33,625
22,45,754
11,06,117
8,39,508
6,77,943
4,83,858
17,48,377
6,77,941
4,99,535
• 3,92,492
2,49,767
Total 89,20,292 53,52,180 35,68,112
SOURCE : Educational statistics 1980-86.Bangladesh Bureau of Educational Information and Statistics (BANBBIS)
49
TABLE 3.8 : Public Expenditure on Primary Education(in million)
Year Enrolment Non-Develop- Development Total Per Pupil(million) ment Expenditure. Expenditure, Non-develop-
Expenditure. mentExpenditure.
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
7.7
7.7
8.3
8.2
181.9
254.5
460.8
529.9
41
67
5.
.1
.5
56
223.0
322.0
535.4
23.62
33.05
55.52
64.63
7—D
Year
1976.77
1977-78
1978-79
1979-80
1980-81
1981-82
1982-83
1983-84
1984-85
1985-86
Enrolment(million)
8.4
8.2
8.2
8.1
8.2
8.4
8.4
8.5
8.9
8.9
Non-Deve-lopmantExpenditure
579.5
687.3
772.7
811.5
979.7
1029.2
1453.6
1661.3
2101.8
2212.0
DevelopmentExpenditure ]
179.3
59.06
106.72
60.86
250.86
237.0
472.42
640.80
624.70
733.50
Total Per PupilExpendi- Non-develop"
ture mentExpenditure.
758.8
746.3
879.42
872.36
1190.56
1235.2
1926.0
2302.1
2726.5
2945.5
68.99
83.82
94.23
100.18
114.62
118.89
173.04
155.00
236.15
248.0
SOURCB : 1. Statistical pocket book of Bangladesh 1978. pp. 270.2. New life in Education, 1984. pp. 33. Budget book Ministry of Finance 1984-85. pp.349.4. Statistical Profile of education in Bangladesh (BANBEIS), pp. 7.
TABLE 3 . 9 : Government expenditure on Development Projects of the Ministry of Education (1980—86) underAnnual Development Programmes.
1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86
A. Non-Development Budget :
Administration and Supervision
Government Primary Schools
PTI
Mass Education
NAPE (former AFE)
13450
142,6703
11429
419
1638
30090
157,0000
17895
201
1824
40280
2035667
23667
254
1954
31607
2143730
34113
254
2521
Total 1453639 1620000 2101822 22122225
TABLE 3- 9-^Concld.
1980-81 1981-82 1982-83 1983-84 1984-85 1985-86
B. Development Budget :
1. Improvement of Primary Education
2. UPE (National)
3. UPE (IDA-Aided)
4. Improvement /Devel opment of PTIs
5. Improvement of Existing Facilities
of PTIs
6. Mass Education Programme
7. Establishment of NAPE
774-
360-
1598-
179-
00
32
85
30
1588
482
298
• •
•86
•34
•49
3111-
1357-
255-
• •
08
96
18
4157-
2200-
••
99
00
3619-
1824-
...
45
72
688-00
21-73
217-96 984
40000
10 00
15300
10 00
en
Total 3221.60 2587-65 4734-06 6407-99 5607-17
SOUCE : New life in Education, 1984, 28
53
TABLE. 4.1 : Allocation of A.D.P.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Head
General Education
Technical Education
University Education
Education Ministry's ownProject
Ministry of Defence
Winding up expenditure
Religious, Cultural Affairsand Sports.
Planning Commission
Modernisation of the Parlia-ment Sectetariat Library
Technical Assistance Programme
Special Projects forChittagong H.T.
Other Ministries Projects . .
1981-82
7992.19
1182.72
863.07
167.14
272.00
1156.51
13.00
4.62
1982-83
8103.04
1180.25
623.00
389.19
367.50
11.36
••
1983-84
10074.99
878.0
1264.71
428.00
1984-85
9065.
1378.
1109.
529.
• •
••
147.
239
776
11
15
75
00
.85
.00
.43
Total 11651 106740.34 12645.70 13245.29
SOURCE: Bangladesh-Economic Survey 1984-85. pp-286
TABLE 4.2 : Curricula for Classes I and II
SubjectNo, of Length ofperiods per time perweek (30 week (hours)minutes each)
Percentage oftime available.
Mother Tongue
Mathematics
Environmental Studies
us Education
l Education
•afts and Music
Total
10
6
5
3
3
3
5.00
3.00
2.50
1.50
1.50
1.50
33.33
20.00
16.67
10.00
10.00
10.00
30 15.00 100.00
There is a prescribed textbook for mother tongue as well as mat hemr tierFor other subjects, there is no textbook.
Ministry of Education, Report of the 'Bangladesh National Curriculum andSyllabus Committee. Vol. I : Primary Stage (Dhaka : Ministry ofEducation, 1976) P. 279.
54
TABLE 4 . 3 : Curricula for Classes HI, IV and V
SubjectNo. of peri- Length ofods per week time per(35 minutes week (hours)each)
Percentage oftime available
Mother Tongue
Mathematics
Environmental Studies
Religious Education
Physical Education
A.rt and Crafts
Music
English
Total
7
6
6
3
3
2
2
5
4.08
3.50
3.50
1.75
1.75
1.17
1.17
2.92
20.64
17.71
17.71
8.86
8.86
9.90
5.90
14.42
34 19.84 100.00
NOTE : There is a prescribed textbook for each of mother tongue, Mathematics^environmental Studies, Religious Education and English ; For the remainingsubjects, there is no textbook.
SOURCE: Ministry of Education, National Curriculum and Syllabus Committee. Vol. 1primary stage.
Dhaka : Ministry of Education, 1976. p. 279.
TABU 4.4s Production of Primary Textbooks By Grade And Subject for the Years 1976—83
(In thousand)
SI.No.
Name of Books 1976
Number of Textbooks for grade
i n m iv v
1977
Number of Textbooks for grade
~n ~~ m iv
1 Bengali
2 Beng. Suppl. Rd.
3 Arithmetic
4 Arith. Workbook
5 English
6 En g. Workbook
7 Social Science . .
8 Gen. Science . .
9 Muslim Rel.Edn.
10 Hindu Rel.Edn.
11 Buddhist ReLEdo.
12 Christian Rel. Edn.
6000 300 250
300 100
1100 620
250 200
350 300 200
300
225 200
200
200
50
50
{In thousand)
SI.No.
Name of Books 1978
Number of Textbooks f or grade
n ""~ m iv v
1979
Number of Textbooks for giade• A
n n iv
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Bengali
Beng. Suppl. Edn.
Arithmetic
Arith. Workbook
English
Eng. Workbook
Social Science . .
Gen. Science . .
Muslim Rel. Edn.
Hindu Rel. Edn.
Budhist Rel. Edn.
Christian Rel. Edn.
5700
3000
3600
3600
• • . •
. • • •
2600
1900
2000
2000
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1500
1000
400
100
25
225
200
225
175
75
200
• -
50
50
50
50
200 2300 No reprint 800 No reprintold books o d books
carried over. 1300 carried over.
850
400
1100
1C00
1100
1100
100
1100
1100
800
200
2510
1000
1000
1000
1000
800
800
600
2510
00
SI.INO.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Name of Books
Bengali
Beng. Suppl. Red.
Arithmetic
Arith. Workbook
English
Eng. Workbook
Social Science ..
Gen. Science ..
Muslim Rel. Edn.
Hindu Rel. Edn.
1980
Number of Text books for grade
i n ni iv ~v̂
3100 200
.. No reprint. No reprintold books, old bookscarried over, carried
over. . „ 400
„ No reprintOld DOOKScarried over.
800
600
800
900
200
700
700
600
80
500
300
300
400
300
800
800
300
No reprint,old books,
carried over
400
1300
300
300
700
700
400
No reprintold books
. ca rried over.
I
1200
200
1000
600
••
:1981
Number o f Textbook
n in
700
200
1000
1200
..
400
700
400
300
600
600
500
200
100
(In thousand)
f ade
IV
200
500
300
200
400
400
400
100
100
• 1
V
300
300
300
300
600
350
350
300
50
'l 1 Buddhist Rel. Edn.
12 Christian Rel. Edn.
25
25
No reprint 2500 No reprintold books - old bookscarried over carried over.
No reprintold books
carried over.
25
Lh,
SI.XTr t
JNO,
1
2
345
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Name of Books
Bengali , . .
Beng. Suppl. Edn.
ArithmeticArith. WorkbookEnglish
Eng. Workbook
Socia 1 Science . .
GeD. Science . .
Muslim Rel. Edh.
Hindu Rel. Edn.
Buddhist Rel. Edn.
Chrtsti. an Rel. Edn.
I
2000
3200
38003100
..
1982
Number of Text books for grad e
n m1200 400
1200 500
1100 1001000
500
200
No reprirtold bookscarried over
100
400
50
IV
200
200
100
300
100
225
225
300
V I
100 3700
300
100 24002900
200No reprirtold bookscarried over.
200
200
200
100
25
19i3
(In thousand)
Number of Text books for grade
n1800
16001400
m1000
300
800
900
400
800
700
700
150
50
59'
IV V
400 300No reprirt
. 200 old books
300 100
600 200No reprint
400 old bookscarried over.
400 300
400 400
100 200
100 No reprintold books
carried over.
No reprint „old bookscarried over
25 25
oo
[In thousand]
SI.No.
Name of Books.
1984
n in rv
1985
Number of text books for grade. Number of text books for grade.A. ,
II III IV
1. Bengali
2. Beng. Suppl. Rd.
3. Arithmetic
4. Arith. Workbook
5. English
6. Eng. Workbook..
7. Social Science
8. General Science ..
9. Muslim Rel. Edn.
10. Hindu Rel. Education
11. Buddhist Rel. Edn.
12. Christian Rel. Edn.
2800 2000
3900 2400
1100
Not Abvailable
1400
Not
1200
1250
1200
1300
1000
Not
100
Available.
..
50 50
50 50
200
100
Available.
3400 2400
3500 2300
1800
1800
1300
1300
1800
1600
1100
200
1200
1400
1000
350
1150
1150
900
300
600
200
400
400
100
en
100
SOURCE : Returns from National Curriculum School Textbook Board, pp. 1-2.
TABLE 4.5 : Distribation of Primary Textbooks by Grade and subject for the year, 1983-84.
[In thousand]
SI.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Name of Books.
Bengali
Beng. Supply. Rd.
Arithmetic
Atith, Workbook
English
Eng. Workbook . . .
Social Science
Gen. Science
Muslim Rel. Edn
Hindu. Rfcl. End.
Buddhist Rel. Edn.
Christian Rel. Edn.
Number of
I '
2943
122
2936
2915
• •
n1573
104
1567
1564
1983
Text books
III
387
221
360
. .
363
191
359
353
111
50
3
3
for grade.
IV
260
209
251
252
639
548
107
202
39
1
2
iV
287
169
195
185
550
169
157
159
32
1
1
Numbei of
I
3701
144
3240
••
II
1943
142
1934
1984
Text books
in
1329
69
131
. .
1320
1296
1342
1285
1126
162
27
30
i
for grade.
IV
462
280
428
. .
458
138
394
340
375
64
3
2
t
V
174
73
165
. .
174
52
264
270
167
32
2
1
o
SOURCE : Returns from National Curriculum School Textbooks Board, pp. 3-4.
61
TABLE 4.6 : Obtained Literacy Percentages for Different. Census Years.
Peicentage on the Percentage on thebasis of population basis of total
Year. aged 5 years and population.above.
19511961 ..1974 ..1981 ..
SOURCE: FREPD, Bangladesh, A study of Literacy Situation (Policy andPlan of Bangladesh) 1983. pp. 79.
TABLE 4.7 : Number of Literates and Literacy Rates for Char, Haor and HilJTracts areas for 1961 and 1974 and Schooling facilities forthe year 1981.
18.920.824.2726.2
16.417.620.222.1
I.II.
III.
III.
* Areas.
All Bangladesh
Char Areas 1
Haor areas 2
a. Sylhet
b. Mymensingb
Total .
a. Sylhet :
Haor areas
Non-Haor areas
b. Mymensingh :
Haor areas
Non-Haor areas
Chittagong Hill Tracts
1961
Literacy rate(In percent)
17.6
13.2
16.6
14.5
15.5
16.5
17.1
12.5
15.1
11,6
1974
i Literacy rate(In percent)
20.2
14.7
16.9
13.6
15.1
17.7
14.4
12.1
14.0
15.3
1981
No. ofstudents forPrimarySchools.
201
187
134
171
150
135
132
155
176
81
NOTES : (1) Slectected (Chan Inlands) have been studied here.(2) Selected (Haor Swampy) areas have been studied here.
SOURCE : FREPD, Bangladesh, A study of literacy situation (Policyand Plan of Bangladesh) 1983.
62
TABLE
Sex
4. 8 : Age Group Literacy in Bangladesh (In
Age
5—14
per cent)
Groups.
15—24
by Sex
25 andabove.
TotalTotal
Male
Female
19.9
23.4
16.1
31.9
40.3
20.6
20.2
30.4
8.7
Urban :Total
Male
Female
33.00
34.87
32.03
51.90
58.23
43.25
39.95
50.03
23.52
Rural :
Total
Male
Female
18.74
22.41
14.76
29.23
37.86
18.20
18.25
28.09
7.56
SOURCE : Census 1974. quoted from Shamima Islam, Women's Educationin Bangladesh Needs, and Issues. 1982, pp. 22.
TABLE 4.9 : Literacy Rates by Sex and Residence. 1961—81.
Areas
Rural . .
Urban
All areas
Male
29.0
59.1
30.8
1961
Female
9.1
32.1
10.1
BothSexes.
19.4
48.1
20.9
Male
30.
54
32,
,6
.0
.9
1974
Female
13.2
33.8
14.8
BothSexes.
22.2
45.4
24.3
Male
33.7
49.2
35.
1981
Female
14.7
26.8
4 16.4
BothSexes.
24 A
39.0
26.2
SOURCE : a. Country Monograph Series No. 8, New York. 1981.b. Statistical Year Book of Bangladesh 1981, pp. 622.c. 1974 Census of Bangladesh, pp. 27.d. Selected finding from the National Sample and Vital Regis-
tration System of Bangladesh, Bangladesh Bureau of Educa-tional Info mation and Statistics, 1983.
63
TABLE 5.1 : Percentage of Literates in 1961 and 1974 by District and Sex.
Dinajpur
Rangpur
Bogra
Rajshahi
Pabna
Rajshahi Division
Kushtia
Jessore
Khulna
Patuakhali
Barisal
Khulna Division
Faridpur
Dhaka
Tangail
Mymensingh
Dhaka Division
Sylhet
Comilla
Noakhali
Chittagong
Chittagong Hill Tracts . .
Chittagong Division
Bangladesh . .
Literacy
BothSex.
24.2
17.1
21.4
18.8
16.3
19.0
15.3
19.5
26.3
19.8
25.5
22.6
17.4
23.0
17.5
16.1
18.8
20.5
25.3
24.4
25.8
14.6
23.7
20.9
rate in
Male
38.1
26.8
37.3
28.3
23.1
28.9
22.3
29.5
38.1
30.1
35.8
32.8
26.5
32.5
26.4
23.1
27.2
29.9
27.1
36.4
37.7
23.2
34.8
30.8
1961
Female
8.3
26.4
9.9
8.7'
8.9
8.1
7.5
8.3
12.8
19.7
14.5
11.2
7.9
12.4
8.1
8.2
9.5
10.2
1.7
12.2
12.1
3.7
11.6
10.1
Literacy
BothSex.
23.5
17.7
24.2
21.2
17.7
20.3
18.5
24.6
31.2
30.3
33.5
28.4
22.4
28.9
19.6
16.9
22.4
22.0
26.0
28.8
32.5
19.9
26.8
24.3
rate in
Male
34.5
26.2
33.9
29.7
24.5
28.9
25.0
34.1
41.8
4.03
41.3
37.5
31.0
37.2
27.3
22.8
30.0
30.5
35.4
36.2
42.4
28.9
36.2
32.9
1974
Female
11.5
8.8
14.0
22.3
10.6
11.0
11.5
13.9
13.6
19-9
24.1
18.4
12.9
18.9
11.3
10.4
13.9
13.2
15.8
17.5
21.2
9.3
16.4
14-8
SOURCE : Bangladesh Population Census, 1974. pp. 21.
64
TABLE 5.2: Number of Illiterates, Absolute and Relative Growth of IlliteratesDuring 1960—81.
Number of illiterates Absolute growth of illiteratesSex . (000's) (000's)
1961 1974 1981 1961-74 1974-81 1961-81
Both 35,380 48,084 55,920 12,704 7,836 20,540Sexes (2-7) (2-3) (2.9)Male 16,491 22,264 25,807 5,773 3,543 9,316
(2-6) (2-2) (2-8)Female 18,889 25,820 30,113 6,931 4,293 11,224
(2-8) (2-6) (2-9)
NOTE (a) UNESCO definition of (b) Iiteraeyused for Comp rability,(b) Figures within parentheses indiacate annual growth rate in pcreent).
SOURCC : 1. Statistira 1 pocket Book of Be nglt dtsh, 19S1.2. Population Census Reports of Bangladesh, 1961 and 1973.
TABLE 5 -3 : Number and Growth of Iliterates by Area.
Number of illiterates Absolute growth of illiterates
(000's) (000's) (growth rate)
1961 1974 1981"" 1961-74 1974-81 1961-8P
All 35,380 48,084 55,920areasRural . . 33,991 44,866 50,491Urban .. 1,389 3,218 4,429
SOURCE :(1) Statistical pocket book of Bangladesh 1981.(2) Population Census of Bangladesh 1961 & 1974.
TABLE 5-4 Number of Adult Illiterates by sex, Age Groups and Location (RuralArban) 1981.
{In thousand)
No. of Adult illiterates in Urban No of Adult Iljiterates in RuralAge-groups locations Locations.
Total Male Female Total M?le Female
15-54 1,858 917 941 24,900 10,723 14,177
12,704(2-4)
10,875(2-1)1,829(6-5)
13,150(2-6)
9,695(2-1)3,464(7-6)
25,854(2-3)
20,570(2-0)5,293(6-8)
15—19
20-24
25-34
24-44
45—54
55—64
65 +
315
292
352
425
275
160
122
154
139
167
216
138
79
55
160
153
185
209
137
81
67
4,022
3553
7,160
5,944
4,221
2,714
2,158
1,786
1,363
2,896
2,702
1,976
1,306
1,096
2,236
2,190
4,264
3,242
2,245
1,498
1,062
SOURCE : FREPD, Bangladesh, A study of Literacy Situation (Policy and plan of Bang-ladesh) 1983.
65
TABLB : 5.5 Number of Adult Illiterates in Special 'Haor' Areas for- -=the Years 4961, 1974 and 1981.
-
Sltem
!Total ^population ...
'Total -iiumbef of Illiterates
'Number of adult Illeterates
f Percent Illiterate . . . .
1961
7,573
• 6,403
2,478
32-72
{In
1974
10,266
8,710
3,315
32-29
thousand)
1981
12,193
9,498
3,748
30-74
'SOURCE : District Census Report 1961, Village population Statistics (District-wise)1974 and Statistical year-book of Bangladesh, 1981.
'NOTE : Figures qouted above are those of syampy areas (Haor) spread in the districtof Mymensingh and Sylhet only.
TABLE-; 5.6 Number of Adult Illiterates in Special "Char" Areas for theYears 1961, 1974 and 1981.
{In \thousend)
. Jtem 1961 _ ;1974 1981
Total population
Total number of Illiterates
Number of adult Illiterate
(Percentage Illiterates ... ... 31-75 32-27 30-73
SOURCE: District Census Report 1961, Village populftion Statistics (District-wise) 1974and Statistical year book, of Bangladesh 1981.
Nora s 'Figures quoted above are those of major islands (Chars).
TABLB: 5.7 Number of Adult Illiterates-in Special Hill Tracts Areasfor The Years 1961, 1974 and 1981.
1,426
1,238
467
1,857
1,584
599
.2,190
1,706
673
£. Item
Total .population
Total number of Illiterates
Number of adult Illiterates
Percent Illiterate
1961
385
340
126
32-72
1974
508
430
-164
32-28
1981
746
581
229
'30-69
SOURCE: District Census ^Report 1961, Village population statistics (District-wise) 1974,and Statistical years book of Bangladesh 1981.
NOTE I Figures quoted above are those of the district of China gong Hill Tracts.
9-D
TABLE 5.8 : Number of Adult male literates in Yean by Organizations other than Government'
SI.No.
Name of the Organizations.1980-81
Male. Female. Total.
1981-82
Male. Female. Total.
Ouasi-Government Organizations:
1. BRDP.2. Imam Tiaining org. .„3. Swanirvar „.
Sub-Total
Non-Government Organization:1. Bangladesh Masjid Mission2. B.L.S.3. Jatio Tarun Shangha4. BRAG5. CARITAS ...6. RDRS.7. FIVDS.8. Jatio Church paiishad,9. VERC.
10. BACE.11. DANIDA. ...12. HEED
13. CONCERN
Total
GRAND TOTAL
1,800
1,800
42,007
43,807
4,00014,539
.22,000 16,000 4,000
4,000 36,539 16,000 4,000
7,890 69,897 50,525 10,642
11,890 1,06,436 66,525
15,0002,561
20,000
36,561
19,500
12,000NA5,0002,675
310299
8001,269
154
, 3,000NA3,000
300• 234
126
300792138
19,50020,00015,000NA8,0002,975
544425
1,1002,061
292
22,500
13,600NA6,0003,425
416266
NA2,9761,342
R.• i .
.3,400NA3,500
350419107
NA1,2331,633
22,50020,00017,000NA9,5003,770
835373
NA4,2092,975
81,162
14,642 1,17,723
Si
•si.No.
Name of the Organizations.1982-83.
Male. Female. Total.
1983-84.
Male. Female. Total.
"Quasi-Govemment Organizations:1. BRDP.2. Imam Training Org.3. Swanirvar
Sub-Total
Non-Government Organization :1. Bangladesh Masjid Mission2. B.L.S.3. Jatio Tarun Sangha (JTS)4. BRAC.5. CARITAS6. RDRS.7. FIVDS.8. Jatio Church parishad9. VARC.
10. BACE.11. DANIDA. ..12. HEED.
13. CONCERN.
Total
GRAND TOTAL
44,000
44,000
72,640
1,16,640
12,000
15,000
56,000 78,000
12,000 71,000 78,000
19,906 1,02,546 1,65,172
20,000
SOURCE : Information Collected through F R E P D Questionnaire.
30,00016,00098,000
20,000 1,44,100
25,000•14,40015,8054,0006,700295649465NA4,554547225
3,6009,4543,000500211124348NA2,248421
.-.
25,00010,00018,00025,2597,0007,200506773813
Discontinued6,862968225
67,000
40,00015,80515,00012,8001,0211,214465800
8,7992,045225
10,0009,4549,5001,150864357348300
4,2732,192
67,00050,00050,00025,25924,50013 9501,8851,571813
1,10023,0724,235225
34,488 2,53,610
31,906 1,73,546 2,43,172 5,84,338 3,97,710
TABLE 5.9 : Literacy and Follow up Books their Production and Distribution.
Name of Primers/Follow up books/Teachei's Guide.
Author's Name.
Copies Printed. Copies Distributed. Copies in Stock.
1980-81. 1981-82. 1980-81. 1981-82. 1980-81. 1981-82.
1. Lekhapara(Primer).
2. LekhaparaNirdeshika(Teacher's Guide).
M. Ferdouse Khan
M. Ferdouse Khan
3. Baiader Boi .. K. A. Khaleque(Primer).
4. Barader Boi, K. A. Khtleque(Nirdeshika)(Teacher's Ghide).
40,75,000 . 59,20,000 48,59,905 54,10,000 96,315 5,10,000
2,00,000 3,50,000 1,56,611 31,73,000 43,301 32,700
46,47,100 25,26,000 46,16,000 25,26,000 30,490 Nil.
2,00,000
5.
6.
7.
Borna porichaya(Primer).
Kajer Katha(Follow-up).
Poster
Shamsul Alam
Shamsul Alam
EducationDirectorate.
1,45,000
4,00,000
7,47,000
1,56,611
1,45,000 20,00,000 1,38,154 16,25,729
4,59,820
55,921
43,381
6,646 3,74,271
40,181
18,779
CO
Source : The Stock register of the Officer in-Charge, Education Directorate, Government of Bangladesh.
TABLE-'6.1 : Estimated1 Number of Trained Literacy Teachers' in Districts/1980—82.
SI. Districts. Literacytraining -received;
Literacytraining-
not received.
Total numberof-teacherSi-
1 Dhaka .. .
2 Faridpui
3 Jamatpur
4 Tengail
5 Mymensingh .. I
6 Chittagong
7 Noakhali
8 Comilla
9 Sylhet
10 Rajshahi .. .
11 Pabna'.
12 Bogra- ..
13 Rangpur
14" Dinajpur
15 Khulna
16 Patuakhali'
17 Barisal
18 Jessore
19 Kushtia
Total
Sample-size
Sample as peicent of total
2561
• •
344 '
313 .
661
345 <
160 f
2,755
1,741
605
4,672
478
742
346
323
1,906
870-
6,534
, 1,992
2,104
: • 4,821
4,997
1,672
1,445
9,023
14,736
16,591
3,452
4,536
4,401
7,758
13,324
3,094
7,918
7,193
3,242
16,117'
(160)
12
1,13,833
(1,195)'
88-
6,790
*. l',992
2,448
5,134
5;658
2,017
1,605
11,778
16,477
1-7,196
3;452
9,208
4,879
8,100
13,670
3,417
9,824
8,063
3,242
1,34,950
(1,355)>
100.
Source: Ministry of Education, Government of- Bangladesh Rerort of the Mass-••Education Programme Evaluation Committee Dhaka. August 19sl, Page No 178.
Note : Chittagong HilhTracts not covered 'in t..e Study.*
70
TABLE 6.2 : Cost Incurred per student during 1964—1978 on Adult Education.
Year. Expenditure Number of Cost perIncurred (Taka). - Students. Student (Taka).
1964-65
1965-66
1966-67
1967-68
1968-69
1969r70
1970-71
1971-72
1972-73
1973-74
1974-75
1975-76
1976-77
1977-78
1,68,688
2,93,555
3,98,303 .
5,78,537
6,70,823
6,55,279
5,13,488
4,37,590
6,24,824
5,98,055
6,55,267
6,77,189
7,31,536
8,01,585
8,822
32,512 .
28,900
33,793
41,321
37,375
32,951
27,933
35,605
33,310 ..
31,441
33,525
37,463
41,975 •
19
9
10
17
16
17
17
16
1718
23
20
19
19
SOURCB : A Research Study on Audit Education in Bangladesh IER, DhakaUniversity, 1969—1978, P P 20-
TABLE 6.3 : National Revenued, Educational Expenses and Expenditure onLiteracy Programme During the period 1976-77 to 1981-82.
(Taka in million)
Total Revenue Annual Expendi- 3 as %Revenue Expendi- Develop- ture on of 2
Year. Expendi- ture on ment adultture. Education Budget on Education,
adultEducation.
of 3
1976-771977-781978-791979-801980-81 (RE)1981-82 (RE)
7,0809,6309,740
12,50014,80019,336
9901,3601,3901,7772,1002,240
. .8057
•00•81
7380NANA69-8056 00
14.014.114.314.211.211.6
32
0706
• -•..•32•50
NOTB : Literacy Programmes Suspended Since 1981-82R E : Revised EstimateSOURCB i A Hand Book of [Educational Statistics, BANBEIS, P.83.
(ANNEXURE)^
73
I
^t?
?rai y'*
VM I ^ t ? ^ ^ c*Ni Trff CT,rc*rr glir >t3:'^i do
f^St? (^rf t^ ^ ^ ^ f ^ s ^ (ungraded) cjft fg^f^ <terr
crates <t5f«sti stolen ?rrtc:%
o i
cspft c^^jrts sptt ^ fWrt erfhr CTOB
10
74
75 Ann«mt H
*ti: /
f?i(1 Ungraded Systom-4
76
fa,? (o^Tfl) Sift*}
Sfcli* BFiT «tfjf*,fa Iff*? *31
(8) csrii «ff«if̂ ^ H n
(a)
fcf*
77
ANNEXURE HI
THE BANGLADESH GAZETTE
EXTRAORDINARY
PUBLISHED BY AUTHORITY.
TUESDAY, FEBRUARY 5, 1974.
PART V—Acts, Bills, etc., of the Bangladesh Parliament.
BANGLADESH PARLIAMENT
Dacca, the 5th February, 1974
Th^ following Acts of P^.rlfanrnt r^cMvd the assent of President on the "5th F-toruiry, 1974, and aro h?nby published for g^n^ral information :—
ACT NO. Vm OF 1974
As Act to make provisions for the taking over by the Government of certainprimary schools in Bangladesh.
WHEREAS it is expedient to nr.k? provision for taking over by the Govern-ment of certain Primary schools in Bingl.dish and for matters ancillary there to
It is hereby enacted as follows—:
1. Short title and commencement.—(1) This act may be called the PrimarySchools (Taking Over) Act, 1974.
2. Definition.—In this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in the subjector context; Primary school imans a school or department of a school givinginstruction in primary education.
3. Taking over of Primary school.-(1) Notwithstanding anything con-tained in any oth'r hw, rub, r-suHtion or bye-Uw for the timi b;ing infore; or in any contract or agr^mmt or in any d"d or oth^r instrument, theGjv'rnmmt nr.y, by notification in the official G^.znte, take over any primaryschool on such date as ouy bs sp^cifisd in the notification.
(2) On the dite sp^cifi»d in th<5 notiflcition und^r sub-sxtion (l)-—(a) *tePrim-ry School and all it ?ms assets and propyty, including lmdJ, buildings andfunds and all oth'r rights and intsr.'sts in, or arising out of such property,and all records and oth?r djcummts of wh?it;v3r nature relating thereto,shall stand transferred to, and vested in the Government;
(b) all teachers of th° primary school shall tocam- employees of th ' Govern-ment and shall hold th-ir s^rvic^ uad^r th" Gov3rnm:nt on such terms andconditions as the Government nny dnermiao; and
(c) all committees or authorities managing and administering th.3 affairs ofth3 primary school shall c^ise to function.
78
4. Management of the Primary school taken over.—After a primary schoolis taken over und^r section 3 (1) the Government shall nv.n^ge and administerthe affairs of that school in such manner as it may deem fit.
5. Removal of difficulty.—The Government may, for the purpose of remo-ving any difficulty arising out of or in connection with or, in relation to thetaking over of any primary school under section 3, make such order as it•onsiders expedient.
6. Power to make rules.—The Government may, after provision pub-lication, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.
T. Repeal and savings.—(1) The Primary Schools (Taking Over) Ordinary,1973 (P.O. No. XXII of 1973), is hereby repealed.
(2) Notwithstanding such repsal, anything done or any action taken, including*ny ord^r ma.d% notification issued or direction given und^r the said OrdinanceMr.ll be d^nvd to have b?en done, taken, nnd% issued or given as the casemay be, under the corresponding provision of this Act.
79
ANNEXURB IV
PRIMARY EDUCATION
ACT NO. IV OF 1981.
An act to provide for the better organization of primary education and efficientadministration and management of the affairs of primary schools.
WHEREAS it is expedient to provids for better organization of primaryeducation and efficient administration and management of the affairs of primaryschools;
It is hereby enacted as follows :—
1. Short title and commencement.—(1) This Act may be called the PrimaryEducation Act, 1981.
(2) It shall come into force on such date as the Government may, bynotification in the official Gazette, appoint.
2. Definitions.—la this Act, unless there is anything repugnant in thesubject or context,—
(a) "Authority" means a Local Education Authority constituted underthis Act.
(b) "local area" means a subdivision and includes the municipalities ofDacca, Chittagong, Khulna ^nd Rajshahi.
(c) "managing committee" means a primary school managing committeeconstituted und^r this Act.
(d) "prescribed" means prescribed by rules made under this Act.
(e) "primary school" means a primary school established or maintainedby the Government.
3. Local Education Authorities.—(1) There shall be a Local Authority foreach local area.
(2) Each Authority shall consist of the following members, namely—
(a) The Subdivisional Officer having jurisdiction in the local ex-officio*who shall also be its Chairman;
(b) The Chairman of the Thana Davelopment Committees in the localarea ex-officio.
(c) The Chairman of the Paurashavas in the local area, ex-officio.
(d) The Assistant Engineer of Primary Education Development havingjurisdiction in the local area, ex-officio',
80
(e) The Primary Educaitqn Officer having jurisdiction In the local area;ex-officio, who shall also be its Secretary;
(f) One Thana Education Officer of the local area to be nominatedby the Government.
(g) One person interested in education to be nominated by the govern-ment from each thana in the local area;
(h) One teacher of a primary school to to elected in the prescribedmanner by the teachers of primary schools in each thana in thelocal area;
(i) One Gram Prodhan of Swanirvar Gram Shirker to be elected in theprescrib-d manner by the Gram Prodhans of oach Thana in thelocal area;
(j) One woman member from each Thana to be nominated by theGovernment;
Provided that in the case of the Authority for the municipality of Dacca,Chittagong, Khulna or Rajshahi—
(i) The Chairman of the Authority shell be appointed by the Government;
(ii) There shall bs no memb-r under clauses (a), (b) and (i);
(iii) Such number of commissioners of the Corporation or Paurasfrwanot exco^ding one-third of iheir total numb'r to be il.'Cted in theprescrib-d m nner by the Corporation or P.-un'.shava, as miy b3fixed by the Government shall also be members of the Authority.
(3) Each Authority shall el ct from among its membeis a Vice-Chairmanin such manner as may be prtscribed.
(4) The Secretary of an Authority shall bs its chief executive officei.
(5) A member of an Authority, Other than an ex-officio member, shallhold officer for a term of four years.
4. Executive Committee.—(1) There shall be an Executive Committee foreach Authority.
(2) An Executive Committee shall consist of the following members namely:—
(a) The Chairman of the Authority, who shall also be its Chairman;
(b) the Secretary of the Authority, who shall also be its Chairman;
(c) the member of the Authority mentioned in section 3(2) (d) ;
(d) one member to be elected by the Authority from among the membersmentioned in section 3(2) (b);
(e) one member to be elected by the Authority from among the membersmentioned in section 3(2) (g);
81
(f) one member to be elected by the Authority from among the membersmentioned in section 3(2)(h) ;
(g) one member to be elected by the Authority from among the membersmentioned in section 3(2)(i) ;
Provided that in the case of the Executive Committee for the Authorityof the municipality of Dacca, Chittagong, Khulna or Rajshahi—
(i) there shall be no members under clauses (d) and (g) ;
(ii) two members shall be elected by the Authority from among themembers mentioned in clause (iii) of the proviso to section 3(2).
(3) The election of the members under clauses (d), (e), (f) and (g) of, andclause (ii) of the proviso to, sub-section (2) shall be held in such manneras may be prescribed.
(4) The minutes of every meeting of the Executive Committee shall be laidbefore the Authority for information at its meeting next following the meetingof the Committee.
(5) Subject to the general or special directions of Authority, the ExecutiveCommittee may deal with any matter within the competence of the Authority.
5. Meetings.—(1) No business of Authority or of an ExecutiveCommittee shall be transacted except at a meeting at which a quorum of fifteenmembers in the case of the Authority and three members in the case of theExecutive Committee is present.
(2) The meeting of the Authority or of the Executive Committee shall beheld at such times and places as may be determined by its Secretary ir consul-tation with its Chairman.
(3) All meetings of the Authority or of the Executive Committee presided
over by its Chairman or, in the absence of the Chairman,—
(a) by its Vice-Chairman or, in the case of the Authority ; and
(b) by a member authorised by the Chairman, in the case of the personCommittee.
(4) At the meetings of Ihe Authority oi of the Executive Committee eachmember shall have one vote and, in the event of equality of votes, the personpresiding shall have a second or casting vote.
(5) No act or proceeding of the Authority or of the Executive Committeeshall be invalid merely on the ground of existence of any vacancy in, orany defect in the constitution of, the Authority or of the Committee, ?s theoase may be.
6. Functions of Authorities.—Subject to rules made, and directions issuedby the Government in this behalf each Authority shall—
(a) appoint teacheis and othei employees for primary schools, post,promote and transfer teachers and other employees of primaryschools, and take disciplinary action against them in accordancewith the Government Servants (Discipline and Appeal) Rules, 1976 ;
11—D
82
(b) prepare development schemes and submit them to the Governmentapproval and execute them after sucb approval ;
(c) supervise the functioning of primaty schools ;
(d) Prepare annual budget and submit it to the Government for ap-proval ;
(e) establish primary schools with the prior approval of the Govern-ment ;
(f) maintain piimary school premises and provide them with all neces-sary facilities ;
(g) regulate the work of piirnary school teachers ;
(h) conduct primary school final examination and award schoolscholarships;
(i) award scholarships.
7. Powers of Government.—(1) The Government shall—
(a) formulate overall policy lelating to primary education ;
(b) piescribe cuiriculum and syllabi for primary education and standerdof education and examination for primary school students ;
(c) approve text books for primary .education ;
(d) determine by rule; the methods of recruitment of piimaiy schoolteacheis and the terms and conditions of their service ;
(e) make all payments in respect of pay, allowance, pension, giatuityand oiher benefits payable to a primaiy school teacher or employee ;
(f) sanction primary schools and posts of primary school teachers;
(g) provide funds for establishmert, maintenance and development ofprimary schools;
(2) The Government may transf«r a primary school teachei from one localarea to another local area.
8. Funds of Authorities.—(1) Each Authority shall have its own Fundwhich shall comprise—
(a) Funds provided by the Government under section 7 (g);
(b) donations and endowments ;
(c) receipts from such other sources as may be appioved by the Govern-ment.
(2) The Fund of an Authority shall be administered in such manner asthe Government may direct.
83
9. Audit and Accounts.—(1) Each Authority shall maintain its accounts insuch manner as the Government may direct.
(2) The accounts of the Authority shall be audited by the Comptrollerand Auditor-General in such manner as he deems fit.
(3) The Comptroller and Auditor-General shall, as soon as possible afterthe completion of the audit, send to the Authority his audit report and theAuthority shall forward it, with its comments thereon, to the Government.
10. Delegation of powers.—Each Authority may, by general or specialorder, delegate to its Chairman or Secretary any of its functions subject tosuch conditions as it may think fit to impose.
11. Supersession of Authorities.—(1) If at any time it appears to the Govern-ment that an Authority has failed to exercise the power or perform the func-tions conferred upon it by or under this Act, the Government may, by notifi-cation in the official Gazette, supersede the Authority for such period, notexceeding four years, as may be specified in the notification.
(2) On the publication of a notification under sub-section (1)™
(a) the persons holding office as Chairman, Secretary and members ofthe Authority shall cease to hold office ; and
(b) all powers and functions of the Authority shall, during the periodof supersession, be exercised and performed by such person in theservice of the Republic as the Government may appoint in thisbehalf, as if such person were the Authority.
(3) The Authority shall be reconstituted in accordance with the provisionsof this Act for the exercise of its powers and performance of its functions onthe expiry of the period specified in the notification under sub-section (1).
12. Primary School teachers and employees to the Government Servants.—For the removal of doubts, it is hereby declared that all persons serving ina primary school as teachers or other employees shall be Government servants.
13. Primary School Managing Committee.—(1) There shall be a managingCommittee for each primary School.
(2) A managing committee shall consist of—
(a) the Gram prodhan of Swanirvar Gram Sarkar of the area wherethe school is situated, ex-officio ;
(b) the head teacher of the school, ex-officio, who shall also be itssecretary ;
(c) Two persons interested in education to be nominated by the ThanaEducation Officer ;
(d) one donor to be nominated by the Thana Education Officer ;
(e) One benefactor to be nominated by the Thana Education Officer ;
84
( (f) One woman member of the Gram Sarkar to be nominated by theThana Education Officer ;
(g) One representative of the teachers of the school to be elected fromamong themselves ;
(h) four representatives of the parents and guardians of the studentsof the school to be elected from among themselves ;
Provided that in the case of the managing committee of a primary schoolstudent in the municipality of Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna or Rajshahi—
(i) There shall be no members under clauses (a) and (f)
(ii) the commissioner of the Corporation or Paurashava from the wardwhere the school is situated shall be a member, ex-qfficio, of theCommittee.
(iii) one woman Commissioner of the Corporation or Paurashava to benominated by the Thana Education Officer shall also be a memberof the committee.
(3) The members mentioned in clauses (g) and (h) of sub-section (2) shallbe elected in such manner as the Thana Education Officer may direct.
(4) A managing committee shall elect from among its members a Chairmanin such manner as the Thana Education Officer may direct.
(5) A member of a managing committee, other than an ex officio membershall hold office for a term of four years.
14. Functions of managing committee.—Subject to the directions issued bythe Authority concerned , a managing committee shall—
(a) manage the affairs of the school ;
(b) supervise the functioning of the school ;
(c) execute the development schemes in respect of the school, if sorequired by the Authority concerned.
(d) ensure regular attendance of students and teachers.
15. Power to make rules.—The Government may, by notification in theofficial Gazette, make rules for carrying out the purposes of this Act.
16. Transfer of Primary Schools in Dhaka Municipality to Government.—(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in any other law for the time being inforce, on the commencement of this Act—
(a) all primary schools in the Dhaka Municipality and all their assetsand property, including, lands, buildings and funds and all otherrights and interests in, or arising out of, such property, and allrecords and other documents of whatever nature relating thereto,shall stand transferred to, and vested in, the Government ;
85
(b) all persons serving in the said primary schools immediately beforesuch commencement shall stand transferred to the Government andconditions as were applicable to them immediately before the com-mencement of the Primary Schools (Transfer to Dhaka MunicipalCorporation) Act, 1980 (XLIII of 1980).
(2) The Government may for the purpose of removing any difficulty arisingout of, or in connection with, or in relation to, the primary schools undersub-section (1), make such order as it considers expedient.
17. Repeals.—The Primary Schools (Transfer to Dhaka, Municipal Corpo-ration) Act, 1980 (XLIII of 1980), and the Primary Education Ordinance,1981 (II of 1981), are hereby repealed.
86
A REVISED PRIMARY EDUCATION ACT, 1983
Upazila Primary Education Committee.—To assist the Upazila Parishad inthe matter of performance of its powers and functions with regard to themanagement of primary education, there shall be constituted a Primary Educa-tion Committee for each Upazila consisting of the following members—
(a) Chairman of the Upazila Parishad, ex-officio
(b) Upazila Nirbahi Officer, ex-officio
(c) Upazila Education Officer, ex-officio
(d) Upazila Engineer, ex-offlcio
(e) Chairman of the Pourashava, if any in the .Upazila, ex-officio
(f) One person interested in education to benominated by the Upazila Parishad.
(g) One headmaster and one headmistress ofsecondary schools in the Upazila to be nomi-nated by the Upazila Parishad.
(h) One head teacher of primary schools in the .Upazila to be elected from among themselves.
(i) One Chairman of the managing committee of .primary Schools to be elected by the Chairmanof the managing committees.
. Chairman.
Vice-Chairman
Member-Secretary
Member.
Member.
Member.
Member.
Member.
Member.
Similarly, the Primary Education Committee in respect of the Municipal areaof Dhaka, Chittagong, Khulna and Rajshahi shall consist of the followingmembers :—
(a) Mayor, Administrator or Chairman, as the case ..may be, of the Municipal Corporation orPaurashava, ex-officio
(b) One Commissioner of Municipal Corporation .,or Pourashava to be nominated by the Muni-cipal Corporation or Pourashava as Vice-Chair-man and two other Commissioners as Members.
(c) Primary Education Officer, ex-officio
(d) One Thana Education Officer posted in the ..area to be nominated by the Government.
Chairman.
Vice-Chairman andMember
Member-Secretary.
Member.
(e) One headmaster and one headmistress of secondary .. Member.Schools in the area to be nominated by theMunicipal Corporation or Pourashava.
87
(f) Two headteachers of primary schools in the ,, Members,area to be elected from among themselves.
(g) Two Chairman of the managing Committees .. Members,of Primary Schools to be elected by the Chair-men of the managing committees.
A member of a Committee other than an ex-officio member, shall holdoffice for a term of three years from the day on which the first meeting ofthe Committee is held after his election or nomination, as the case may be,where a person is elected or nominated to' be a member by-virtue of hisholding an office or appointment, he shall cease to be such member whenhe ceases to hold that office or appointment.' A person elected or nominatedto be a member may, at any time, resign] his office by letter addressedto the Chairman. A vacancy caused by resignation or any other reason shallbe filled by election or nomination, as the cases may be, of a person qualifiedto fill such vacancy.
The Committee will exercise such powers and perform such functions in thematter of primary education as may be assigned to it by the Upazila parishad,Municipal Corporation or Pourashava, as the case may be.
Government has already placed the services of every Upazila Education Officerin each Upazila under the Upazila Parishad. He will be the Member-Secretaryof the Upazila Primary Education Committee. He will provide the secretarialservice to the Committee and the Upazila Parishad in respect of all issues relat-ing to primary eudcation. He will execute all decisions of the Parishad andthe Upazila Education Committee. All funds both recurring and developmentwill be placed at the disposal of the Upazila Parishad which will be operatedjointly by the Chairman of the Paishad and the Upazila Education Officer.The Upazila Education Officer/Thana Education officer will be the Drawingand Disbursing Officer in respect of pay and allowances of primary schoolteachers and employees and maintain accounts of the funds provided by theGovernment. He will submit the statement of accounts to the Government andthe Parishad.
Similar functions will be performed by the Primary Education Offictr inrespect of the Municipal Corporations of Dhaka and Chittagong and Paura-shavas of Khulna and Rajshahi.
Primary School managing committees.—There shall be a managing commit-tee for each primary school. A managing committee shall consist of—
(a) the ward members of the Union Parishad or the Commissioner of aMunicipal Corporation or Pourashava, as the case may be, residingwithin the area where the primary school is situated, ex-officio;
(b) the headteacher of the primary school, ex-officio, who shall be itsSecretary ;
(c) One person interested in education residing within the area where theprimary school is situated ;
(d) One woman of the area where the primary school is situated ;
(e) One donar or philanthropist of the area where the primary schcclis situated ;
(f) One teacher of the nearest secondary school to be nominated by theconcerned school authority ;
(g) One representative of the teachers of the primary schools to beelected from among themselves ;
The members mentioned in(c), (d) and (e) above shall be nominated—
(i) in the case of primary school situated in the rural area, by theUpazila Parishad ; and
(ii) in the case of a primary school situated in a municipality, by theMunicipal Corporation or Pourashava, as the case may be.
A managing committee shall elect from among its members a Chairman.
BQP-86/87--5017D-2,500—3.5-87.
