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Primate Adaptation & Primate Adaptation & EvolutionEvolutionCh. 16, Sec. 1Ch. 16, Sec. 1
For today, 5/30:1. Turn in HW2. Short lecture, posted online3. Opposable Thumb Lab
PrimatesPrimates
PrimatesPrimates = group of animals that includes = group of animals that includes lemurslemurs, , monkeysmonkeys, , apesapes, and , and humanshumans
Common traits among primates:Common traits among primates:Large brains (relative to body size)Large brains (relative to body size)Social interactionsSocial interactionsFlexible shoulder & hip jointsFlexible shoulder & hip joints
Opposable ThumbOpposable Thumb = = thumb that can cross thumb that can cross the palm to meet the the palm to meet the other fingertipsother fingertips
Adaptation for griping Adaptation for griping & climbing& climbing
Binocular VisionBinocular Vision = = both eyes in the frontboth eyes in the front Better depth Better depth
perception, jumping perception, jumping from tree to treefrom tree to tree
Color Vision Color Vision allows allows primates to find food primates to find food that has most nutritionthat has most nutrition Ex: Unripe vs. Ripe Ex: Unripe vs. Ripe
fruitfruit
Primate OriginsPrimate Origins
Primates share evolutionary historyPrimates share evolutionary historyFossilFossil, , anatomicalanatomical, , DNADNA evidence show a evidence show a
close relationshipclose relationshipPrimates classified into 2 groupsPrimates classified into 2 groups
Primate Ancestors
StrepsirrhinesHaplorhines
Anthropoids
HominoidsHominids
Old World monkeys
GibbonsOrangutans
African apes
Humans
New World monkeys
Tarsiers
LemursLorises, Pottos and Galagos
Humanlike Primates EvolveHumanlike Primates Evolve
AnthropoidsAnthropoids = humanlike primates; = humanlike primates; HominoidsHominoidsNew World monkeysNew World monkeysOld World monkeysOld World monkeys
New World monkeysNew World monkeys found in Central & found in Central & South AmericaSouth AmericaArboreal (live in trees)Arboreal (live in trees)Prehensile TailPrehensile Tail = can be used as a 5= can be used as a 5thth limb limb
Old World monkeysOld World monkeys found in Africa & Asiafound in Africa & AsiaNo prehensile tailNo prehensile tailCan live in trees or on the groundCan live in trees or on the ground
HominoidsHominoids = apes & humans = apes & humansApesApes
No tails, walk on 2 legs w/ support from handsNo tails, walk on 2 legs w/ support from handsHumansHumans
Large brains, walk uprightLarge brains, walk upright
Opposable Thumb LabOpposable Thumb Lab
You will be working in groups of 3You will be working in groups of 3 It is extremely important that you manage It is extremely important that you manage
your time well.your time well.All activities should be completed by the All activities should be completed by the
end of the period.end of the period.Turn your work in at the end of the period.Turn your work in at the end of the period.
Human AncestryHuman Ancestry
Ch. 16, Sec. 2Ch. 16, Sec. 2
HominidsHominids
5-8 mya in Africa a common ancestor 5-8 mya in Africa a common ancestor branched off into 2 groups (chimps & branched off into 2 groups (chimps & humans)humans)Supported by DNA evidence, comparison of Supported by DNA evidence, comparison of
similar proteins similar proteins HominoidsHominoids = primates that = primates that cancan walk on 2 walk on 2
legs (gorillas, chimps, bonobos, humans)legs (gorillas, chimps, bonobos, humans)HominidsHominids = bipedal primates, = bipedal primates, onlyonly walk on walk on
2 legs2 legs
Early HominidsEarly Hominids AustralopithecineAustralopithecine = =
early hominids w/ early hominids w/ apelike and apelike and humanlike qualities, humanlike qualities, intermediateintermediate between between chimp and humanchimp and human
““LucyLucy”” Smaller brains, Smaller brains,
bipedalbipedal
Modern HumansModern Humans
Humans are Humans are Homo sapiensHomo sapiensOther hominids are also classified in the Other hominids are also classified in the
genus genus HomoHomo2.5 mya earliest hominids in the genus 2.5 mya earliest hominids in the genus
Homo Homo
Mill
ion
s of
yea
rs a
go
H. sapiens H. neanderthalensis
H. heidelbergensis
H. erectus
H. antecessorH. ergaster
Homo habilis
P. robustu
sP. boisel
A. garhiParanthropusaethiopicus
A. bahrelghazaliA. afarensis
Kenyanthropusplatyops
AustralopithecusanamensisArdipithecus
ramidus
H. rudolfensis
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/tryit/evolution/#
http://dsc.discovery.com/tv/ardipithecus/ardipithecus.html