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Types of Organisms: REVIEW!• Autotrophs (Producers)
– Photoautotrophs
– Chemoautotrophs
• Heterotrophs (Consumers)– Herbivores
– Carnivores
– Omnivores
– Scavengers
– Decomposers
Types of Organisms: Autotrophs
• Autotrophs –Also called Producers
–Organisms that produce their own food from the sun or from chemicals
Types of Organisms: Autotrophs
• Photoautotrophs –Use photosynthesis to make food
–Ex. plants, algae, certain bacteria
• Heterotrophs–Also called consumers–Organisms that make energy from the food they eat
Types of Organisms: Heterotrophs
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems• All the energy of life
ultimately comes from the SUN!
• Energy flows through an ecosystem in one direction: SUN
Producers Consumers
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems
• Producers (autotrophs) capture the sun’s energy to make food
• This energy is passed to consumers (heterotrophs) when they eat the producers
• Energy flow is represented by food chains and food webs
Food chain: a series or steps in which organisms transfer energy by eating and being eaten
Reminder:
Energy moves from autotrophs to heterotrophs to decomposers (eventually)
Food Web • Food web: shows complex relationships between organisms
• Food webs are more realistic than food chains…
• Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level
Ecological Pyramids and Trophic Levels
• Each trophic level depends on the one before it for energy.
• Organisms use much of the energy they produce/consume for
life processes such as reproduction, movement, and respiration
• Therefore, only 10% of the energy is transferred between levels
The 10% rule…
PRODUCER PRIMARY SECONDARY
CONSUMER CONSUMER
AMOUNT OF ENERGY FROM ONE TROPHIC LEVEL TO THE NEXT…
• The amount of energy available in an ecosystem can be represented by an ecological pyramid
• Higher trophic levels are on top of one another in the pyramid