Principles of Islamic Government By: Prof. M.S. Tajar

8/7/2019 Principles of Islamic Government By: Prof. M.S. Tajar

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47

And finally, this is how the genuine Islamic

government¶s leadership and officials should act in order to be worthy of their lofty title ± The Islamic Leaders of

an Islamic State!

ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT:

ORGANIZATION AND DMINISTRATION

The organization and administration of the

Islamic Government is highly democratic and itemanates from the people, who have a common belief inthe Divine Monotheist religion of Islam.

Leadership: Both Selective and Elective

The leadership always has been one of the mostcrucial problems for every society, particularly thenewly established ones or the revolutionary governments.

The Islamic Government of Iran that was

founded by Imam Khomeini on February 11, 1979 wasno exception to that rule.

48

To study the ever sensitive issue of leadership,

we would like to find out, and to analyze, what thepeople in the first Islamic Government as well as those

in the recent revival, adopted in selecting or electingtheir leaders.

The question of whether the leadership of Islam± which also includes the Islamic government ± was to

be announced by the Prophet Mohammad (as in the caseof the previous religions i.e. Judaism and Christianity) or it was left to the people to decide, has caused a series of

debates, and often sharp differences among the Muslims,

since the early days of the Islamic era.

Sunni and Shi-ah Schools

Historically speaking, it is agreed by an

overwhelming majority of the Muslim scholars, that

Prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h.) had on several occasions

hinted to Imam Ali, as his own successor: including in alarge meeting that was called by him on his way home

from the last pilgrimage to Mecca.1

(As well as in thefirst day of declaring his own mission as the Prophet of Allah (s.w.t.) starting it from his own relatives as per the

order of Allah ± ³W a Andir Ashira-takal Aqrabeen´ seeHoly Qur¶an, Surah 26/214).

During that big gathering, the Holy ProphetMohammad (p.b.u.h.) announced: ³To whom I was

Mowla (Leader) Imam Ali is now his Mowla.´ (See the

Al-Ghadeer Historic Event).

Although all Muslims agree on thisproclamation by the Prophet Mohammad (p.b.u.h.), yet,

some of them argue about the word ³Mowla´, which hasseveral meanings in Arabic ± almost seventeen. Mowla

means leader, master, friend, neighbors and even servant.

That is why, the majority of Muslims ± the Sunnis ± believe that it was just a declaration by the ProphetMohammad (p.b.u.h.) about Imam Imam Ali¶s

















63

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE ISLAMICGOVERNMENT

The characteristics of any institution, including

the government, is what gives the real meaning to it, and

it should be the basis of our judgment regarding thatparticular body or institution.

In the case of the Islamic Government, as far as

the institution and its true teachers and leaders areconcerned, a well known researcher like Sarojini Naidu,the great poetess of India, would not hesitate to call it:

³The first religion that preached and practiced truedemocracy« when the peasants and the kings kneel sideby side to proclaim, µGod alone is great¶.´1

Human-Oriented

64

The main characteristic of the Islamic

Government is that it always sides with the masses, bydenouncing a.) The rulers who oppress their fellow

beings, b.) The businessmen who suck the blood of thepoor, and c.) The religious leaders who take unlawful

advantage of the people¶s sincere beliefs.In this religion, God Almighty has always

attached Himself to the ordinary and the common man,with no conflict of interest at all between the Creator andHis creatures. The Holy Qur¶an says:

³Say: (O«Mohammad) I seek refuge in

God of the people, the Ruler of the people,and the Lord of the people«.´2

The same is His religion and the government ± The Islamic System. From its origin, this system has

stood fast, to provide justice to the people, and to free

them from their oppressors and exploiters on the basisthat ³God alone is the Master.´

*(And the rest of

mankind, regardless of their color, country or positions

in the society, are equal in their humanity. The onlything that will make them better, is their good character.)

Regarding the people-centered policies of the

Islamic Government, Imam Ali writes to his governor,this way:

³Do not keep yourself secluded from thepeople, because it is a sign of narrowsightedness and it causes ignorance abouttheir affairs.´

3

In another part of that letter of instructions, he

also advises, as follows:

Fix a time for the complainants whereinyou spare yourself for them « feel humbletherein, keep away your army and assistantsso that anyone who likes to speak, may speak without fear; because I heard the Prophet of Allah (Mohammad) saying on many















77

man is the major characteristic of the Islamic Doctrine,

including the Islamic Government.

ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT IN MUSLIM

COUNTRIES AND AWORLDWIDE

ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT

After the Islamic revolution of Iran on February11, 1979, once again the question of the Islamic revival

and its influences across the borders of Iran, and rest of the Muslim world, was raised.

While this idea is giving encouragement andhope to the Muslims who, like many other people of theThird World, have suffered centuries of colonization and

domination by the western, Christian nations, at the

same time, it is a source of great anguish for the worldly

powers, particularly the US and, the west as a whole, as

78

well as Russia and China, who have got a substantial

Muslim population of their own, that are abused andoppressed, and are now inspired by the Islamic

Revolution of Iran, too.Mr. Zbigniew Brzenski, the former U.S.

presidential adviser on foreign policy, placed thisanguish in its political context: ³An arc of crisis

stretches along the shores of the Indian Ocean, with afragile social and political structure in a region of vitalimportance to the U.S., is being threatened by

fragmentation.´1

By this statement the U.S. political leader referred to the Islamic revival in the Muslim world that

began from Iran, and that which ³led to one of thegreatest setbacks ever to American prestige´.2

That Islamic revival was no less dangerous tothe socialist the Russia or China and the Communist

ideology in general, than to the western powers lead bythe United States.

The so-called Russian Federation has an

estimated 50 to 60 million Muslims today,3

while theother communist giant, China, has even more; and thisIslamic revival has inspired those Muslim minorities so

much so that they may rebel against their communistmasters, at any time. The anguish of the two

governments could be seen clearly in Russia¶s painfulinvasion of the Muslim nation of Afghanistan in 1979,

immediately after the success of the Islamic Revolution

in neighboring Iran. That invasion was launched, inorder to prevent the Islamic movement (of Iran) toinfluence Afghanistan, and also to stop it from entering

Russia¶s own Muslim states of Uzbakistan, Tajikistan,

Turkmenistan, Kirgizistan, Kazakhstan, and Azerbaijan(All Muslim ³stans´ or states in Persian language, whoused to be the parts of the Persian Empire since 3,000

years ago, until they were grabbed by the Russian Tsars

















93

It is not satisfied only with liberating the

oppressed people of Iran, but rather, as long as thereremains any oppressor and the oppressed in this world,

the Islamic Movement is committed to continuestruggling for their rights and freedom.

This is the principal goal of the IslamicMovement in bringing the long forgotten justice and

brotherhood back to the society of man, through a non-stop effort and struggle, which gets its guidance fromGod Almighty, and its resources from among the

oppressed masses of the world.

94

APPENDIX

Appendix I

A LETTER OF INSTRUCTIONS

ISSUED BY IMAM ALI

When Imam Ali appointed Officers for

collection of Zakat and charitable money, he wrote for them this letter of instructions. We have recorded a few

portions of it here to show that he always established thepillars of Righteousness and created examples of justice

in all matters, big or small, serious or apparentlyordinary. He wrote, and we quote:

³Move on with the fear of Allah, who is One andhas no Partner. Do not frighten any Muslim. Do not pass





97

Appendix II

Another Letter

(When Imam Ali came to know that the peopleof Basra had invited Usman bin Hunaif, governor, to a

lavish banquet and he joined it, he wrote to him):

O, Ibne Hunaif, I have come to know that ayoung man of Basra invited you to a feast and you leapt

towards it. Foods of different colors were being chosen

for you and big bowls were being given to you. I never thought that you would accept the feast of a people whoturn away the poor and invite the rich. Look at the

morsels you take, leave out that about which you are in

98

doubt and only that about which you are sure that it has

been secured lawfully.Remember that every follower has a leader

whom he follows and from the effulgence of whoseknowledge he takes light. Realize that your Imam has

contented himself with two shabby pieces of cloth out of the (comforts of the) world and two loaves for meal.

Certainly you cannot do so; at least support me in piety,exertion, chastity and uprightness, because, by Allah! Ihave not treasured any gold out of this world, nor have I

amassed plenty of wealth nor have collected any clothes

other than the two shabby sheets. Of course, all that we

had in our possession under this sky was Fadak, but agroup of people (the First Khalifa Abu Bakar, followedby Omar and then Othman) felt greedy for it and the

other party with held themselves from it. Allah, is, after all, the arbiter. What shall I do: Fadak or no Fadak,

while tomorrow this body is to go in the grave! I whose

darkness its traces would be destroyed and (even) itsnews would disappear. It is a pity that even if its scope is

widened or the hands of the digger kept it vast the stonesand clods of clay would narrow it and the falling earthwould close its openings. I am always trying to keep

myself engaged in piety so that on the day of the greatfear (Day of Judgment) it remains peaceful and steadfast

in the slippery places. If I wished I could have taken theway leading towards (the worldly pleasure, like eating)

pure honey, fine wheat and silk clothes but it cannot be

that my passion may lead me and greed may take me to

choosing good meals while in Hedjaz or in Yamamathere may be people who have no hope of getting a loaf

or who do not have full meal. Shall I lie with satiated

belly while around me there may be hungry bellies andthirsty livers? Or shall I be as the poet has said:

³It is also a diseasethat you lie with your belly full



H th Bl d Ib hi d hi H h ld



101

Appendix III

THE ISLAMIC GOVERNMENT:

KHALIFATE OR IMAMATE?

By: Ustad Abdus Samad

Muslims around the world have to pray at least

five times a day; and in every prayer, they have to recite

the Salawat Ibrahimiyya (Tashah-hud), this way:

³Allahom-ma Sal-li Alaa Moham-madin wa Alaa Aaali Moham-madin, KamaSal-laita Alaa Ibrahi-ma wa Alaa AaliIbrahim, fil Aalamina; In-na-ka HamidomMajeed!´

³O, Allah! Bless Thee Mohammad andAali Mohammad (his Household) as Thou

102

Hath Blessed Ibrahim and his Household,amongst the peoples of the world; VerilyThou Art most Praiseworthy, most Gracious.´

But . . .

Surprisingly enough, very few Muslims know,or even they try to know, the Aali Mohammad (A.S.) or

the people for whom they ask Allah¶s blessings, so many

times a day!

The question is:Who are the Aali Mohammad (A.S.)? What is

their role in Islam, and in the Islamic Society? Why dowe have to include them in our daily prayers (Namaz or

Namaste, as the non-Arab Muslims call it)? And why,without including them in the Salat Wajiba, our prayers

are not accepted by Allah (S.W.T.)?*

Historical Background

To understand more about Prophet

Mohammad¶s Household, who are also known as theAhlal Bayt, or Aali Mohammad, we have to go back intothe history; and to reduce the chances of any doubts, we

shall try to get light, straight from the Holy Qur¶an,which is the foundation of the Islamic Faith:

³And when Allah tested (Prophet)Ibrahim by some ³Words´ and he completed(the test), Allah said: Now I appoint thee,

Imam of the people. (Prophet Ibrahim) Said:and how about my descendants? (Allah) Said:My Promise won¶t be for the sinners (among

them).´ Holy Qur¶an: (2:124).

As we can see, here Allah (S.W.T.) granted therequest of the Patriarch Abraham to bestow Imamah

(Imamhood or the Spiritual Leadership) on his righteous































massacred them, in those days, their children today (lead

by the Saudi royal family) are doing the same; as alsodid th J ith th d d t f P h t Ab h



133

did the Jews with the descendants of Prophet Abraham

or Aali Ibrahim A.S many centuries ago! It seems the

history is repeating itself, always! (See the Holy Qur¶an3:112, etc.).

The Saudi-American unholy alliance knows verywell that even the tombs of the Aali Mohammad caninspire the Muslims in uprising against the corrupt

regimes in the Muslim world ± just like what Imam

Hosain did when he and his followers fought against

Yazid (Yazid Zilaka! Yazid ini!), and his anti-Islamicrule, in that tragic battle of Karbala, in 61 A.H. (680A.D.).

If these regimes were allowed to continue their

crimes against Islam and the Ahlal Bayt, maybe one day,

they would even try to destroy the shrine of the HolyProphet (P.B.U.H.) in Madinah, or they will try to

remove even the name of Aali Mohammad from the

Muslim daily prayers or Salat! ³Allahom-ma Salli Ala

Mohammad, wa Ala Aali Mohammad, Kama Sal-laita

Ala Ibrahim, wa Ala Aali Ibrahim.´ *

May Allah forbid it! Insha Allah!

134

Appendix IV

Could There Come Another Imam K homeini?

M.S. Tajar Ph.D.

(Former Lecturer University of the Philippines)

Since the spectacular victory of the Islamic

Revolution of Iran, on Feb. 11, 1979, the most

fascinating question on my mind, and probably yours,

too, has been this: ³Could there come another ImamKhomeini?´

This question, for me, and probably for many

others, became even more profound, immediately after the passing away of Imam Khomeini, on June 3, 1989.

The logical answers to this question may be

many yeses or no¶s, as we shall see after this brief study,

































³teacher´ used to lecture in IstanbulAcademy, in the 1870¶s.

So were the great Turkish reformers like,

influenced by Asad Aabaadi¶s views,even when he himself was in Paris in

1884, publishing his monumentalmagazine ³Al- Orwatul Woth-qa,´ in



167

Saeed Nursi, Mohammad Aakif, etc., etc.

In the Arab world, the greatest Islamicscholar of Egypt in the last 200 years,

Sheikh Mohammad Abdoh (1849 ± 1905)who later on became the Rector of the

Al-Azhar University in Egypt (the oldest

university in the world?) and the GrandMufti of the Sunni Islam, had also thehonor of being one of the students of

Jamalud Din.

So was the great Egyptian author and

scholar, Fareed Wajdi, and several other Egyptian literati.

And last, but not the least, was his great

follower, Dr. Mohammad Iqbal, theIndian born national poet of Pakistan

(November 9, 1877 - April 21, 1938)and the ideologue behind the creation of

the first Islamic Republic, in 1947, whoprobably got that idea from the teachings

of Asad Aabaadi,(=The IslamicRevivalism) although, he never met the

great teacher, personally.

Plus many other great Muslim leaders,who directly or indirectly, were

168

Arabic language, in order to awaken theArab world to the ³Back-to-Islam

movement, and the Islamic Renaissance(O¶ boy! O¶ boy! What an interesting

³Persian dog/cat?´ he was!)

46.) Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini (1904 - 1989

A.D.) ± the greatest spiritual-political leader of the Muslims in the last 1,000 years. He leada successful Islamic Revolution (1979 A.D.)

and he established the Islamic Government (asdid the Holy Prophet in 622 A.D.). There is no

other example of any similar IslamicRevolution/Government in the world history

like it, except the first one that was established

by the Holy Prophet P.B.U.H. himself!

No wonder, Ahmad Bin Bella, the

revolutionary leader of Algeria, called it: ³TheMiracle of our Age!´ (see Time Magazine,

Apr. 1979).

But the most prominent among the Persian Muslim

scholars, was;47.) Imam Mohammad Al-Ghazzali of Khorasan

(=Saracin), who according to some Westernorientalists, and several Muslim Jurists, was:

³The greatest scholar in Islam, after theProphet Mohammad, himself!)**









30 Persians/Khorasanis/Saracins, ruled in thoselands as Governors or Sultans. Still there are some

of their descendants in North Africa. (seeProf.M.Motahhari µ¶Khadamat«´11th ed.p.395).

(the Industrialized) England in 1495 A.D. (see Dr.A.A. Velayati ³Persian and Islamic Civilizations´,

Tehran 2005 p.04.

********The Saracin artists also influenced the



177

****During the ³Inquisitions´ the Spaniards would

recognize the Muslims(Moors) from the ³TrueCatholics´ by checking whether they had taken a

bath recently or not! If they were ³bathed´ then theywere Muslims. (see: Dr.Ali Mazaheri, ³La Vie De

Musulman Au Moyen Age´ Paris -1982 p.28).

*****According to Ibn Batutah in his ³Travels´during the Mughal rule in India, there were so many

Iranians, and so much of the Persian influences, thatevery foreigner was called ³Khorasani´²

Persian/Saracin.(see Mr. Nuri, A. ³The PersianCivilization´ Tehran, Iran 2001 p.631).

******No wonder, the Holy Prophet Mohammadhad already prophesied, that: ³If knowledge be

found in the stars, there will be some Persians toobtain it!´.

*******Making paper, was one of the many gifts of

the Saracins (Persian Muslims) to Spain, fromwhere it also spread to the rest of Europe, that did

not know about ³paper´ before!

The Saracin paper industry (which they alsogot from the Chinese) went from Spain to Italy in

1279 A.D., and from there to France in 1348, thento Germany (of Gutenberg!) in 1390 and finally into

178

********The Saracin artists also influenced theVenetian arts and architecture, as one can clearly

see in the building of the churches, monuments or facilities (Persiana or Venetian Blinds being one of

them). In European paintings during theRenaissance, you could see many guys with Muslim

features, attires, like turbans, and oriental looks;Those were mostly the influences of the

Persians/Saracin artists in Venice in those days, likeMahmoud Al-Kurdi, who lived and painted in

venice,during the early 16th

century A.D.

*********Madinat Zahra, the city built by theMuslim Caliphs of Spain, was the largest city in

European history, that was built from scratch. Its

ruins were discovered in 1911-see BBC. Dec.5/2010.

References:

1. ³The Holy Qur¶an´ (English Translation) by

Prof. Mir Ahmad Ali and Tafseer of H.I.Aqa Puya, with the transliteration of Prof.

M.S. Tajar, Published by the MuslimAcademy of the Philippines, 2009 and by

the National Bookstore in 2010 (ThirdEdition).

2. ³The Holy Qur¶an´ (English Translation) byAbdullah Yusuf Ali, Published by the

Iranian Muslim Students Assn. of thePhilippines, with Transliteration by Prof.

M.S. Tajar, 1985.3. ³Nahjul Balaagha´, Lectures of Imam Ali,

by Sayyid Radhi and Ibne Abil Hadid

13. ³Persian and Islamic Civilizations´ by Dr.A.A. Velayati (former Foreign Minister of

Iran, 1980-1988) Tehran, 200514. ³Khadamaat«´ by Prof. M. Motah-hari,

Tehran Iran 1998



179

by Sayyid Radhi and Ibne Abil Hadid,Ansarian Publications, Qom/Iran, 2003.

4. ³Prophet Mohammad and his Household´(Ahlul Bayt) by Ustad Abdus Samad 10

th

Edition, Islamic Research Center, Manila,Philippines, 2005.

5. ³100 Questions and Answers About: Shi-ah,Sunnah and Wahhabism´ by Ustad Abdus

Samad, Published by the Islamic ResearchCenter, Manila, Philippines, 2007.

6. ³A Brief Study of the Holy Qur¶an´, byAmid al-Qommi, printed by the Iranian

Muslim Students Assn. of the Philippines,1981.

7. ³Principles of Islamic Government´, by Prof.

M.S. Tajar, published by the Iranian MuslimStudents Assn. of the Philippines, 1982.8. ³Islamic Civilization and the Contribution of

Persia´ a Research work by Prof. M.S. Tajar and Dr. Abdi Bakhtiari of the University of

the Philippines, Diliman, 2009.9. ³Echo of Islam´, the Iranian Magazine

(English Ed.), March 2010.

10. ³Mahjubah´, the English Magazine for theMuslim Women, Tehran, Iran, May 2009.

11. ³Gardesh-gari´ Tourism and Culture

Magazine, Iran, September 2000.12. ³Al-Wahdah´, Iranian Cultural Magazine

(Arabic Ed.), March 2010

180

Tehran, Iran²1998.

REFERENCE*A.H. stands for After Hijra meaning the migration

of Prophet Mohammad from Mecca to Medina.4Ali Reza, Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ (Qum Center

of Islamic Studies, 1975) p.125

Qur¶an 26:2146Ali R S d ³N hj l B l h ´ 12



181

CHAPTER I

1Time Magazine, New York, April 16, 1979

2Ettelaat, Tehran, January 30, 1980*See for example:

³The Dagger of Islam´, by John Laffin, (London:Sphere Books, Ltd, 1979).

3

Arthur Higbee, ³What Would Iran¶s IslamicRepublic Be Like?´ Bulletin Today, February 11, 1979,p.6

*This book has been printed many times in Arabic,

Persian, Urdu, etc. A good English translation ispublished by Center of Islamic Studies, P.O. Box 12.

Qom, Iran, in 1975.

182

Qur an 26:2146Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.127Ibid; p.14*The English translation of Nahjul Balagha gives a

list of Muslim as well as non-Muslim Scholars who haveresearched regarding this matter (N.B. Center of Islamic

Studies, Qum, Iran, pp. 9-12).8Hatta, Mohammad, A review on the Character of

Ali (Cairo, Neel Books Ltd., 1970) p.40.9Ali Reza, Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ (Qum Center

of Isalmic Studies, 1975) p.11.10Ibid11S.V. Mir Abmed Ali; ³The Holy Qur¶an Full

Commentary´ Vol.I (Karachi, Pakistan: P.E. TrustPublications, 1979) p.608

12Ibid13Faizol-Islam, Naqi, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.5214

Ali Reza, Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.13415Ibid, p.14816

Shariati, Ali ³The Maktab´ (Houston, Texas: Book Distribution Center, USA 1977) p.10

17Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.13418Ibid, p.14819Ali Reza, Seyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ (Qom Center

of Isalmic Studies, 1975) p.16220

George Zaidan ³History of The Islamic

Civilization´ Vol. I (Cairo, Dar Al-Kotob Publications,1960) p.160

21Ibid, p.165

22Ibid, p.57

23S.M.A. Ja¶fary, ³Nahjul Balagha´ (Introduction)

p.57-60



occasion of the Independence of Pakistan, September 14,

19478Pickthall, Marmaduke The Glorious Qur¶an 62: 29Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.140

10

Pickthall, Marmaduke The Glorious Qur¶an 62:511Ali Reza Seyyed N B p 134

32Ibid. p. 12733Ibid. p. 41934Ibid. p. 19035

Ibid. p. 42536

Ibid.

37Ibid



185

, QAli Reza Seyyed, N.B p.134

12Ibid, p.25813

Pickthall, Marmaduke The Glorious Qur¶an 4:5914Ibid 57:2515Ammid Al Qommi, ³A Brief Study of Qur¶an´,

Iranian Muslim Student Association, Manila, Philippines,

1979, p.1016Rao Ramaksrisna Mohmmad (Manila: Far East

Young Muslims Association, 1980) p.917See The New Testament, Mathew 5:38-4518 The Holy Qur¶an, 2:256.19Ibid 2:19020Rao Ramakrishna ³Mohmmad´ p.1121

Ibid. p. 1222Ibid. p. 1223 The Holy Qur¶an, 49:1324

Ibid. 17:7025Ibid. 28:427

The Holy Qur¶an, 28:5-628Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.17929Ibid. p. 304*The Awaited Imam that shall appear in the future. A

belief, common among almost all peoples and religions

of the world, that one day, at the End Times, their leader shall return as the Messiah; That is the belief of the

Christians, the Jews, the Muslims, and the Parsis(Zoroastrians) and even the Hindus, etc.

30Ministry of National Guidance: The Iranian

Constitution, Tehran, Iran 1979, p.4.31Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.408

186

Ibid.38Ibid. p. 44839

Ibid. p. 53240Faizol Islam, Naqi, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.99341Ibid. p. 99342Ibid. p. 104443Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.158

CHAPTER III

1Amini, Allamah ³Al-Ghadir´ (Najaf, Iraq Al-

Ghadir Publications 1968) p. 1253Faizol-Islam Naqi, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.50

4Ibid., p.1465Ali Shariati, ³Ommat Wa Imamat´ (West Germany,

United Islamic Students Ass. Persian Speaking Group1976) p.95

6 The Holy Qur¶an 62:27The Iranian constitution, Article 107

8Ali Reza, Seyyed ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.2799Abid., p. 88110Motahhari Mortez ³Dastan Rastan´ (Tehran,

Enteshar Publications Inc., 1972) p. 90.11

The Holy Qur¶an 3:15912Abid 42:38

5Abid., p. 116Ali Reza, Seyyed ³Nahjul Balagha´ p. 5397 The Holy Qur¶an, 57:258Abid., 62:2

9

Abid., 26:9010Abid 4:76



187

yAbid., 42:3813The Iranian Constitution (Tehran, Ministry of

National Guidance 1979) p.514A.M. MacDonald, Chambers¶ ³Essential English

Dictionary´ p.13015The Iranian Constitution, Preamble, under

³Methods of Government in Islam.´16Abid17Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.42318Harold J. Salemsoh ³Sayings of the Ayatollah

Khomeini´ (New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1980) p.15.19Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.64820Abid., p. 70221The Iranian Constitution, Preamble, under

³Methods of Government in Islam.´

CHAPTER IV

1Rao Ramakrishna ³Muhammad´ p. 14

2The Holy Qur¶an 114:1-3

*This is the first sentence that every Muslim or

newly-converted to Islam should proclaim, namely: LAILAHA ILAL LAH (There is no god except Allah!)

3Torabi, Rashid ³Hazrat Ali¶s Famous Epistle to

Malik Ashtar, Governor of Eqypt´ (Qom, AnsarianPublications, 1972) p.9

4Abid., p. 10

188

Abid., 4:7611Faizol-Islam, Naqi, ³Nahjul Balagha´ pp. 52 & 11212

Torabi Rashid, ³Hazrat Ali¶s Famous Epistle toMalik Ashtar, Governor of Egypt´ p.20

13 The Holy Qur¶an, 5:3214Ameed Al-Qommi ³A Brief Study of Qur¶an´

(Manila:Iranian Muslim Students Association 1979) p. 23.*Refer to Chapter 2: Under the topic Establishment

of a Just Political Structure.15 The Holy Qur¶an, 79:1716 The Holy Qur¶an, 79:18-26.17Abid., 59:2218Abid., 2:14219Torabi Rashid, ³HAZRAT ALI¶S Famous Epistle

to Malik Ash,tar,´ p.2520Abid., p.1621

The Holy Qur¶an, 4:5922Abid., 59:7.23

Abid., 5:48.24Abid., 1:3.25Abid., 2:18526Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p.20527Rao Ramakrishna, ³Muhammad´ (Manila: Far East

Young Muslims Association, 1980) p. 7

8Laffin John, ³The Dagger of Islam´ (London:

Sphere Books LTD., 1979), p. 5.9Robert Azzi, Saudi Arabia National Geog. Mag.

Sept. 1980), pp.279-29810

Harold J. Salemson, ³Sayings of the AyatollahKhomeini´ (New York: Bantam Books Inc 1980) p 3



189

CHAPTER V

1Laffin John, ³The Dagger of Islam´ (London:

Sphere Books LTD., 1979) p.52Abid., p. 6

3Abid., p. 4.4Muslims of the Soviet East. Official Journal of

Muslim Religious Board of Asia and Kazakhistan, No.3,1980, p. 11.

5Hong Kong Muslim Herald Vol. 3, Nov. 1980, p. 3.

6Islamic Republic (Morning Daily) Tehran, Feb. 4, 19817John Laffin, ³The Dagger of Islam´ p.4.

190

Khomeini (New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1980) p. 3.11Ettelaat (Evening Daily), Tehran, August 12, 1980, p.3.*Muslim countries still under monarchy system or

sheikhdom are: Saudi Arabia, Oman, Morocco, Malaysia,Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain and the United Arab Emirates.

12Harold J. Salemson. ³Sayings of the Ayatollah

Khomeini´ (New York: Bantam Books Inc., 1980) p. 1013A statement by Ayatollah Khomeini, Founder of

the Islamic Republic of Iran, in his speech delivered tothe Muslim Ambassadors in the Holy City of Qom, on

November 3, 1979.14Abid.15The Iranian Constitution, section 1016

The Islamic Republic (Morning Daily, Tehran,February 12, 1980) p.4.

17 The Holy Qur¶an, 34:28.18

The Holy Qur¶an, 48:28; 9:33; and 61:9.19Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p. 17820

Sheikh Abbas Qommi, ³Montahal Aamal´ (Tehran:Elmieh Books Ltd., 1960) p. 95.

21Harold J. Salemson, ³Sayings of the AyatollahKhomeini´ (New York: Bantan Books, 1980) p. 8.

22Bulletin Today, Manila, Nov. 30, 1980 p. 1.23

³Saying of the Ayatollah Khomeini´ p.824

Abid., p. 9.25 The Holy Qur¶an, 4:75.26Ibid., 3:104.27

Selected Messages and Speeches of ImamKhomeini (Tehran: The Hamdami Foundation Books,1980) p. 90.

28 The Holy Qur¶an, 49:10.

29The Iranian Constitution. Section 1, Principle 11.31Abid., Preamble32The Iranian Constitution, Section 10, Article 154.*Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p. 486

*

Ali Reza Seyyed, ³Nahjul Balagha´ p. 520.

Language) has become synonymous with the word ³City´

in the Pahlavi and Arabic languages, e.g. ³Madyan´,

Mada-en, Madinah (all from Mahds or the Medes) as well

as the Ancient City of Ha-Madan = The Maads/TheMedes (³The Mahd¶s or Medes Place / Hamadan´ in Iran).

Hamadan was one of the four capitals of the PersianEmpire the three others being Susa Persepolis and



191

Genuine«

The Islamic Government is the most natural and original

political system in the world, today... Just like the earlyhuman governments in history ± i.e. Susa, Sumeria, Urok

(now Iraq) and Arak (now in Iran)«etc., all of which

started with ³The priest kings´... (As the Plato¶s ³TheRepublic´ is a historical witness).

This came to be, after the first ³City´ (=Government)

in the world was established, some 7000 years ago, in the

Western Iran/Eastern Iraq (Medeo-Persia) by the Mahds(Medes) who were the ancient tribes of the Western

Persia. Actually, the name Mahd (or ³Maad´ in Pahlavi

192

Empire, the three others being Susa, Persepolis andBaghdad (now capital of Iraq).

This ancient Pahlavi word i.e. ³Madyan´ and its

diminutive form i.e. Madina/Medina, entered into the

Arabic and other languages later, and they have been used

in the Holy Qur¶an, too. (See ch.28 v.18). The word

Madyan, and its derivatives are repeated in the Holy

Qur¶an 27 times, and in the Islamic History and Hadith,

on countless occasions.

***

³Democracy (Western Style) is actually the worst form

of government; the problem is that we have nothing

better.´

Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of England

1940 and 1951.

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Principles of Islamic Government By: Prof. M.S. Tajar

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