Media production

NANA NEJAD

ETCHING • is the process of using strong acid or mordant to cut into the insecure parts of a metal

surface to create a design in intaglio in the meta). As an intaglio method of printmaking, it is, along with engraving, the most important technique for old master prints, and remains in wide use today.

LINOCUT TING • Linocut is a printmaking talent, a modified of woodcut in which a sheet of linoleum is used

for the relief surface . A design is cut into the linoleum surface with a sharp knife, V-shaped carve or trench, with the raised (uncarved) areas representing a reversal (mirror image) of the parts to show printed. The linoleum sheet is inked with a roller and then impressed onto paper or fabric. The real printing can be done by hand or with a press.

SCREEN PRINTING • Screen printing is a printing technique that uses a merged network to support an ink-

blocking stencil to receive a desired image. The attached stencil forms open areas of mesh that transfer ink or other printable things which can be pressed through the mesh as a sharp-edged image onto a substrate. A fill blade or squeegee is moved across the screen stencil, forcing or pumping ink into the mesh openings for transfer by capillary action during the squeegee stroke. Basically, it is the process of using a stencil to apply ink on to a substrate, whether it be t-shirts, posters, stickers, vinyl, wood, or other material.

• Screen printing is also a stencil method of print making in which a design is imposed on a screen of polyester or other fine mesh, with complete areas coated with an impermeable substance. Ink is forced into the mesh openings by the fill blade or squeegee and on to the printing surface during the squeegee stroke. It is also known as silkscreen, serigraphy, and serigraph printing. One colour is printed at a time, so several screens can be used to produce a multicoloured image or design.

LITHOGRAPHY• lithography is a method of printing first based on the principle that oil and water do not

mix] Printing is from a stone or a metal plate with a smooth surface.

• Lithography originally used an image drawn with oil, or wax onto the surface of a smooth, level lithographic limestone plate. The stone was treated with a mixture of acid and gum arabic, etching the portions of the stone which were not protected by the grease-based image. When the stone was subsequently moistened, these etched areas retained water; an oil-based ink could then be applied and would be repelled by the water, sticking only to the original drawing. The ink would finally be transferred to a blank paper sheet, producing a printed page. This traditional technique is still used in some fine art printmaking applications.

• In modern lithography, the image is made of a polymer coating applied to a flexible aluminum plate. The image can be printed directly from the plate (the orientation of the image is reversed), or it can be offset, by transferring the image onto a flexible sheet (rubber) for printing and publication.

MECHANICAL PRINTING TECHNIQUES

LETTERPRESS• Letterpress printing is a technique of relief printing using a printing press. A worker

composes and locks movable type into the bed of a press, inks it, and presses paper against it to transfer the ink from the type.

GRAVURE• Rotogravure is a type of intaglio printing process, which involves engraving the image

onto an image mover. In gravure printing, the image is engraved onto a cylinder because, like offset printing, it uses a rotary printing press. Once a primary of newspaper photo features, the rotogravure process is still used for commercial printing of magazines, postcards, and corrugated product packaging.

DIGITAL PRINTING TECHNIQUES

PHOTOCOPYING • A photocopier, also known as a copier or copy machine, is a machine that makes paper

copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply

LASER PRINTING • Laser printing is an electrostatic digital printing process that quickly produces high quality

text and graphics by passing a laser beam over a charged drum to define a differentially charged image. The drum then selectively pull together charged toner and transfers the image to paper, which is then heated to permanently fix the image.

INKJET PRINTING • Inkjet printing is a type of computer printing that creates a digital image by propelling

droplets of ink onto paper, plastic, or other substrates. Inkjet printers are the most commonly used type of printer, and range from small low-cost consumer models to very large professional machines that can thousands of dollars, or more.