PRIP-Trust SNAPSHOTS OF THE STUDY ON Situation of Violence Against Women (VAW) in Six Selected Districts under Dhaka Division CONDUCTED AND PRESENTED BY PRIP Trust
Transcript
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PRIP-Trust SNAPSHOTS OF THE STUDY ON Situation of Violence
Against Women (VAW) in Six Selected Districts under Dhaka Division
CONDUCTED AND PRESENTED BY PRIP Trust
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PRIP-Trust Objectives of the study.. To gain in depth
understanding of the existing status and conditions of VAW in the
project areas To capture the present level of participation of
women in public functions To identify the level of awareness of
community, including other relevant stakeholders regarding womens
rights and the consequences on violation of those rights To
identify the nature of violence and their underlying causes, which
prominently exists in the project areas To get information on the
existing Govt. and Non Govt. Agencies, where the victims of VAW
received support at local level To examine the current level of
womens accessibility in the facilities which contribute in women
empowerment, both at family and societal level To suggest necessary
measures to improve the situation of VAW
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PRIP-Trust
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Study area.. Selected PNGOs, Districts and Upazilas for study:
Name of the OrganizationDistrict Upazila Unions Jagorani Sangastha
(JS)GopalganjKotaliparaRadhaganj & Kandi Bandhan
SocietyKishorganjSadarLatibabad & Rashidabad Gram Bikash
Shohayak Sangstha(GBSS)NorshingdiPolashDanga & Jenardi Manob
Progati Sangho (MPS)TangailSadarEnayetpur & Korotia
SHAREENarayanganjSadarTanbazar & Gonoktuli City-colony Naria
Unnayan Samity (NUSA)ShariatpurNariaBhumkhara & Kederpur
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PRIP-Trust Study target groups.. Community female Community
male Ethnic/Disabled groups Doctors Journalists Police officials
Upzilla level GoB Officials UP Chairmen Women UP members
Non-elected elites Women teachers NGO representatives
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PRIP-Trust Tools and techniques used.. QUALITATIVE FGD-PRA
sessions Perception Scoring Scale In-depth Interview (IDI)
QUANTITATIVE One to one interview Tools Check List Questionnaire
Techniques
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PRIP-Trust Sampling approach Purposive, multistage random
sampling Unit CriteriaNumber District(1 from selected project
area)6 Upazila(1 from each selected Districts)6 Unions(2 from each
selected Upazilas)12 NGO staff(5 from each project )30 Actors on
VAW (Doctors, Advocate, Journalists, Police officials, Upzilla
level GoB Officials, UP Chairman, Representatives of the women
organizations & Women UP members) (5 from each project area)30
Local Elites (Non-elected elites, Women teachers (5 from each
project area)30 Group Member (Community female, male, Ethnic/
Disabled groups) (50 from each project area)300 TOTAL390
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PRIP-Trust STUDY FINDINGS
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PRIP-Trust Effect of the intervention at Organizational
levels
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PRIP-Trust The project at a glance.. Title : Facilitate Women
leadership development process at Grassroots Levels for reducing
Violence against Women (VAW) Specific Objectives: Strengthening the
Capacities of 6 Women headed Civil Society Organizations of Dhaka
Division, for combating Violence against Women (VAW) through womens
empowerment Duration : June 2007 to May 2009 Funding Agency: Womens
World Day of Prayer German Committee Selected Partners: Name of the
OrganizationDistrictArea of Specialization Jagorani Sangastha
GopalganjReligious Minority Bandhan Society KishorganjUltra poor
(for legal support) Gram Bikash Shohayak Sangstha
NorshingdiDisabled people Manob Progati Sangho (MPS) TangailVictim
women SHAREE NarayanganjUntouchables (sweeper/Dalits) Noriya
Unnayan Shamiti (NUSA) ShoriyatpurRiver Basin Vulnerable
Communities
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PRIP-Trust Basic profile of the PNGOs
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PRIP-Trust Organizational capacity to address VAW: 2008-
2009..
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PRIP-Trust Current projects of the PNGOs to combat VAW..
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PRIP-Trust Organizational staff capacity to address VAW:
2008-2009..
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PRIP-Trust Network and liaison capacities to address VAW:
2008-2009..
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Role of 6 PNGOs to combat violence
against women Organizing rural women Arrange Courtyard discussion
and Training Organize Rally or mass gathering Form different
committees to deal VAW related issues in the area Participation in
Salish Legal support Play advocating role with different agencies
on VAW Issues
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PRIP-Trust Situation of VAW in Project Areas
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PRIP-Trust Incidence of top ten violence's.. Type of Violence
Against Women Ranking of VAW by Community Women Ranking of VAW by
Civil Society Ranking of VAW by NGO Staff Physical torture111
Sexual Harassment2115 Dowry332 Early marriage423 Deserted by
husband510 Polygamy644 Divorce756 Illegal Divorce88 Eve teasing9910
Rape1068 Women and Child Trafficking1113 Acid Throwing1277 Extra
marital affairs131211 Hilla marriage14 9
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PRIP-Trust Incidence of top ten violence's by ranking..
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PRIP-Trust Top ten contributors of violence against women
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PRIP-Trust Underlying causes of VAW.. Reluctance of other
people (friends/relative/neighbor) to be involved in family
disputes Lack of Awareness Drug addiction Women are not habituated
to protest Patriarchal mentality of the society Dowry Early
marriage Less compromising attitude of man Drug addiction Economic
dependency of women on men Physical Torture
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PRIP-Trust Girls and women are not habituated to protest male s
evil approaches Patriarchal mentality of the society Lack of proper
actions happen against the criminals in area Being beautiful or
young Getting alone at workplaces or home Love-trap of bad boys
Traditional social system Evil notion of male towards girls and
women Joblessness of youths makes them doing evil activities Less
scope of other entertainment males concentrate to women Underlying
causes of VAW.. Sexual Harassment
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PRIP-Trust Every one takes it as a social culture Bridegroom s
parents consider this event as a money making scope Unemployment
provokes in demanding dowry Parents think that dowry would increase
their draught s acceptance in the husbands family Lack of Education
Bridegroom s father doesn t want to spend money for marriage
purpose Negligence to women or less respect Not knowing the law
against dowry Brides family often consider of giving dowry as an
issue of prestige Number of male (bridegroom) is less compared to
female (brides) Underlying causes of VAW.. Dowry
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PRIP-Trust Dowry breeds manifold sufferings for the
women..
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PRIP-Trust Position of women in family..
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Position of women in society..
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Mobility status of the women in project
area.. mobility status of the women in the project area The
mobility of the women was found limited within NGOs, UP, Govt.
agency, Police station and hospital The fear of violence including
harassment is a permanent constraint on the mobility of women and
limits their access to resources and basic activities Eve-teasing
is a stumbling block to womens mobility Members of Bandhan Society
used to go to local NGO most, then UP, Police station, Govt. agency
and lastly very few goes to hospital Beneficiaries of GBSS move
generally in the all above-mentioned places except police station
Jagorani Sangstha found more access to Union Parishad The members
of MPS and NUSA limited their mobility within NGO and Govt.
agencies Beneficiaries of SHAREE move in to the rest 4 places
except UP
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PRIP-Trust Institutes, which can play important role to combat
VAW.. Community View
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PRIP-Trust Respondents comments about institutions to combat
VAW...
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PRIP-Trust Knowledge of community on existing laws to combat
VAW..
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Knowledge of VAW actors from civil
society on existing laws to combat VAW..
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PRIP-Trust Types of support by civil society actors in project
area.. The demand for assistance is enormous There is no
alternative than coordinated support of GO, NGO and Civil society
The VAW actor from civil society informed that they are also
rendering supports to the community to combat VAW The form of
supports are either preventive (awareness on VAW, rally, camping
etc.) and post incident (legal aid, rehabilitation and moral
support to victim etc) in nature The demand for assistance is
enormous There is no alternative than coordinated support of GO,
NGO and Civil society The VAW actor from civil society informed
that they are also rendering supports to the community to combat
VAW The form of supports are either preventive (awareness on VAW,
rally, camping etc.) and post incident (legal aid, rehabilitation
and moral support to victim etc) in nature
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PRIP-Trust Situation of Violence Against Women with Disability
(GBSS).. There are 4.5 millions women are Disable in Bangladesh,
but both government and private sector has not targeted this group
for promoting their rights Women with Disabilities (WWD) are the
most vulnerable group in the society and they are facing dreadful
situation to protect themselves from all types of violence Due to
complexities of the existing laws and policies disable victims are
discouraged to go for justice Both govt. and private sectors have
limited idea on this particular issue People are not aware and
sensitive towards the issue Very limited fund (Donors are not
interested)
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PRIP-Trust Situation of Violence Against Women in Dalit
community.. Dalit community, being untouchable, are deprived by the
society Dont have access in all profession Discrimination in
getting Govt. services Contractual slavery No scope to participate
in social and national program Floating population/ Refugee
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PRIP-Trust SITUATION OF VAW IN INDIA
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PRIP-Trust The principle of gender equality is enshrined in the
Indian Constitution in its Preamble, Fundamental Rights,
Fundamental Duties and Directive Principles. The Constitution not
only grants equality to women, but also empowers the State to adopt
measures of positive discrimination in favour of women. Within the
framework of a democratic polity, laws, development policies,
plans, programmes have aimed at womens advancement in different
spheres. From Fifth Five Year Plan (1974-78) onwards there has been
a marked shift in the approach to womens issues from welfare to
development. India is one of the few countries around the globe
that recognizes domestic violence as a violation of womens right
Genesis of Woman Development in India..
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Facts & findings regarding VAW
issues.. Around two-third of married women in India were victims of
domestic violence and one incident of violence translates into
women losing seven working days in the country, a United Nations
report said As many as 70 per cent of married women in India
between the age of 15 and 49 are victims of beating, rape or
coerced sex, the United Nation Population Fund report said One in
five women are victims of rape or attempted rape in her lifetime,
one in three would have been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise
abused usually by a family member or an acquaintance The reasons
include neglecting children, going out without telling partner,
arguing with partner, refusing to have sex, not preparing food
properly or on time and talking with other men, it said Kerala, the
most literate state too is high on the graph of women abuse Of the
women reporting violence, 50 percent were kicked, beaten or hit
when pregnant It is estimated that more than 15,000 women suffer
from dowry-related violence ever year Seventy five per cent of
women who are victims of domestic violence do not seek help due to
concern for family honor
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust According to the National Crime Records
Bureaus (NCRB) 2005 Crime Clock, there is:.. 1 crime committed
against women every three minutes 1 molestation case every 15
minutes 1 sexual harassment case every 53 minutes 1 kidnapping and
abduction case every 23 minutes 1 rape case every 29 minutes Four
out of 10 women in India have experienced violence in the home 45%
of women have suffered at least one incident of physical or
psychological violence in their life 26% have experienced at least
one moderate form of physical violence More than 50% of pregnant
women have experienced severe violent physical injuries
Approximately 6,000 women are killed in India every year because of
dowry. Unofficial estimates are as high as 15,000 deaths a year. In
other words, between 16 and 40 women die every day because of dowry
And only the and recorded statistics are
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Status of Gender Violence in West
Bengal.. Literacy levels have improved as has the sex ratio Women
workers as a percentage of total female population have improved
from 11.2% in 1991 to 18.1% in 2001 Most womens work in West Bengal
continues to remain unrecognized, as they are in unpaid housework.
The few women who are in paid work often earn 60- 70% of the mens
wages In India, 87.5% pregnant women suffered from anemia. In West
Bengal the situation is not much better and a study shows that an
average of 85.98% women suffered from malnutrition Crimes against
women have increased from 3947 in 1990 to 7489 in 1998 The bulk of
the crimes reported against women in West Bengal in 1999 are hose
of cruelty by husbands and relatives 55%, followed by molestation
at 17%, and rape and kidnapping and abduction at 12% each. The
highest number of rapes is reported in North and South 24 Parganas.
Around 70% of the crimes against women occur in the south Bengal
districts of North and South 24 Parganas, Medinipur, Barddhaman,
Hugli, Haora and Nadia, along with Kolkata. The northern and
western parts of the state, on the other hand, show smaller
incidence of crimes against women. Trafficking seems highly under
reported compared to the ground situation that emerges from reports
by NGOs Literacy levels have improved as has the sex ratio Women
workers as a percentage of total female population have improved
from 11.2% in 1991 to 18.1% in 2001 Most womens work in West Bengal
continues to remain unrecognized, as they are in unpaid housework.
The few women who are in paid work often earn 60- 70% of the mens
wages In India, 87.5% pregnant women suffered from anemia. In West
Bengal the situation is not much better and a study shows that an
average of 85.98% women suffered from malnutrition Crimes against
women have increased from 3947 in 1990 to 7489 in 1998 The bulk of
the crimes reported against women in West Bengal in 1999 are hose
of cruelty by husbands and relatives 55%, followed by molestation
at 17%, and rape and kidnapping and abduction at 12% each. The
highest number of rapes is reported in North and South 24 Parganas.
Around 70% of the crimes against women occur in the south Bengal
districts of North and South 24 Parganas, Medinipur, Barddhaman,
Hugli, Haora and Nadia, along with Kolkata. The northern and
western parts of the state, on the other hand, show smaller
incidence of crimes against women. Trafficking seems highly under
reported compared to the ground situation that emerges from reports
by NGOs
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Self Help Movement and women
empowerment in West Bengal.. Formation of Self Help Group
Promotional Forum (SHG) for collective learning, a platform for
confidence building, a tool for socio-economic vulnerability
reduction Capacity Building Programmes Advocacy : SHG State
Conference - a flagship programme Promotion of SHG Product Resource
Centre Campaign : o Financial Literacy - A New Friend of SHG o We
Can Campaign Creating a Gender Equitable Society Publication o
Swalpa Birta Barta - The Best Friend of SHG Members in Remote West
Bengal o Swayamsiddha - A radio programme fro SHGs
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Some of special initiatives taken in
India, which are.. National Commission for Women Special womans
cell at the CID Reservation (33%) for Women in Local Self
-Government The National Plan of Action for the Girl Child National
Policy for the Empowerment of Women in 2001 (women focused self
employment scheme like SGSY) The Protection of Women from Domestic
Violence Act, 2005 There are also many entitlements and protections
mechanisms that are legally available for the public in general and
the victims in particular
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PRIP-Trust SITUATION OF VAW IN NEPAL
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PRIP-Trust Nature of VAW in Nepal.. Domestic violence Polygamy
Female infanticide Child marriage Dowry related violence (mental
and physical torture) Customary/ traditional violence like deuki,
badi, chhoupadi etc. Accusation of witchcraft Sexual violence
(rape, marital rape, girls and women trafficking and sexual
harassment)
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PRIP-Trust Situation of women in politics in Nepal.. In Nepal
with its cultural and societal background women are allowed very
little space in politics and decision-making positions In recent CA
election of Nepal, the participation (of women) was extremely
inclusive which was encouraging and had a positive influence to all
the women politicians. The overall representation was nearly 33%
There are many women parliamentarians but they do not have roles to
play None of the women is in the high level position like
President, vice president, prime minister, vice prime minister and
even the speaker of the parliament all are male Violence is one of
the root cause that hindered women's political participation and
chilling women from entering the political arena of Nepal Nature of
Violence Perpetrators of violence against women in politics
TotalFamilyPolitical parties State & security Men in society
Media Physical141823 Psychological132623 Threats and
coercion21116131 Total100%8%63%10%19%2%
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PRIP-Trust Women participating in politics in Nepal suffer from
different natures and types of violence.. Types of violence Places
of its occurrenceTypes of victimsTypes of perpetrators
PhysicalGrassroots level- community Local politics, Family
Influential women, leaders, women activists, candidate for election
Family oppositions and own parties SexualPolitical and Law
enforcement level-Armed conflict Activist women, candidates for
election Security forces, male politicians and bureaucracy
PsychologicalPolitical level-Electoral process /parliament, Family
level-controlling from entering politics Young women aspiring a
political career, active women leaders and family, established
women politician Opposition parties, or members of own parties,
male superior Threats and coercion Political level-
parliament/party organizations/committee, state level- police
station Established female politicians, male relatives, women
exercising political authority, members of local bodies, leaders at
grassroots level Party men, policemen, subordinate staff, male
colleagues, family members Source: Unfolding the reality: Silenced
voices of women in Politics, 2007, SAP
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PRIP-Trust Challenges to address the VAWIP in Nepal.. Minimal
representation of women in decision-making levels which cause and
consequences of VAWIP Reluctance of political parties to nominated
women candidates is crucial factor, denying women's participation
in governance There is lots of violence occurring but women
politicians cannot openly share but silently suffer violence
accepting it as a part of the unchangeable culture Media is also
not giving attention on VAWIP and the media coverage on the cases
is very low Women and girls are afraid to report violence not only
because of hostility and stigma from their community, but also due
to state inaction in ensuring the investigation, prosecution and
punishment of perpetrators through the justice system State has
failed in the formulation and implementation of laws related with
VAWIP. Thus women are subjected to violence when they protest their
rights and no provisions for safe house for these affected women
has been ensured by State
Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Recommendations from the community
women... Ensuring access to Education for girls Educating people on
moral ethics Increase public awareness on VAW related issues by NGO
and govt. Ensure rights to property of women by ensuring laws
Review the law on protection of Violence Against Women, and ensure
proper implementation Ensuring access to legal aid for the victims
on emergency basis Create sensitization against domestic violence
against women among village people through meeting, gathering,
drama, folk songs, poster and campaign Giving priority to the
opinions of women in family Setting up a legal aid center in the
locality by GO & NGO Formation of Violence Against Women
committee in each ward and Take initiative to reduce VAW socially
Create opportunity for women to earn money Ensure 100 % marriage
registration Social movement against dowry and early marriage
Ensure participation of both male and female in Salish and
encourage young groups to stop VAW
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PRIP-Trust Recommendations by the Civil Society
representatives.. Ensure education for all (specially women)
without any restriction and age bar Increase empowerment of women
by creating new opportunities/ avenues/ scopes of work Make women
aware of their rights & ensure access to social activities
Reform law regarding gender issues and ensure proper implementation
Change of mindset of the society through campaign (specially
through electronic media) Elimination of all types of
discrimination towards women at state level Govt. and NGOs should
take women- friendly programs Take initiative to address
inappropriateness of state laws Smooth and comfortable system to
file case on VAW issues Ensure equal access to property for women
by constitution Formation of VAW committee in each wards Ensure
fare wage for women by Govt. and NGO Increase awareness program for
men on VAW issues Promote positive mentality towards women in home,
community and workplace Adequate budget to work on establishing
women rights Take multiple comprehensive and coordinated steps to
increase public awareness on VAW issues by Govt through involving
religious leader, Imam, Kazi and Principals of Madrasa Promote
positive mentality towards women in home, community and workplace
Adequate budget to work on establishing women rights
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Company LOGO PRIP-Trust Issues requiring to addressed on a
priority basis.. Ensure secondary education for girls Comprehensive
awareness raising program on Womens Rights, Formulate appropriate
Laws on Domestic Violence, and ensure effective implementation A
comprehensive action plan to reduce VAW, and incorporate in
national budget for effective implementation Formulate Laws to stop
Eve-teasing by keeping provision for strict punishment. Ensure
prompt justice and settlement of cases related to VAW, 6 Initiate a
social Safety Net Program for women by the Govt. Punishment the
violator of women Comprehensive initiative to reduce poverty of
women, at large