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Hgjtcjts

IgrcwgrfBhdjgwacfnmcjtsNagssbryBllrcvebtegjsHbsc XtufecsGvcrvecw

H`bptcr 2

Srlbj Vrbjspgrt bjf Aen`t \beaAen`t Mctrg Vrbjset2.2? Ejtrgfuhtegj2.

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256

258

256

259

25>

250

255

255

.0 Bvbeableaety [bymcjts bjf Gt`cr Xgurhcs gi \cvcjuc

igr t`c Fcvcagpcr>.5 [rgvesegjs Bppayejn tg Iejbjhejn>.2; [rgvesegjs Bppayejn tg EmpacmcjtbtegjH`chdaest?Hgjtrbhtuba Brrbjncmcjts

H`bptcr 0[rghurcmcjt0.2 H`ggsejn b Xcachtegj Mct`gf0.< Mbjbnejn t`c Leffejn [rghcss0.8 Xcachtegj Hretcreb bjf Lef Cvbaubtegj

0.6 [rcqubaeiehbtegj0.3 H`ggsejn t`c Leffejn [rghcss0.9 Iejba \cqucst igr [rgpgsbas0.> Xulmessegj, Gpcjejn, bjf Hgmpbresgj gi Lefs0.0 Iejba Xcachtegj0.5 Sjsgaehetcf [rgpgsbas bjf Fercht Jcngtebtegjs0.2; Hgjtrbhtuba Essucs0.22 Jcngtebtejn wet` [rcicrrcf Leffcrs0.2< Gt`cr [rghurcmcjt EssucsH`chdaest? [rghurcmcjt

H`bptcr 5Hgjhausegjs5.2 Ybauc igr Mgjcy ej A\MV Hgjhcssegjs

bjf Gt`cr [ulaeh-[revbtc [brtjcrs`eps5.< V`c Ybauc gi [revbtc Iejbjhc5.8 Fcvcagpejn b Xtrbtcny igr Xuhhcss5.6 Mbjbnejn Ibrcs Ejtcaaencjtay5.3 V`c Xtruhturc gi [ulaeh Xuppgrt Fctcrmejcs Guthgmcs5.9 Mbjbnejn Fcmbjf es Hruheba tg Xuhhcss5.> [brtjcrs Gt`cr Ejtcrcsts Mbttcr5.0 Ejtcrjbtegjba Xpgrtejn Cvcjts bjf A\MV

5.5 \chgmmcjfbtegjs igr [rghurcmcjt5.2; Iejba V`gun`ts

Bjjcx 2? Xcachtcf Hbsc Xtufecs- Mbjh`cstcr Mctrgaejd - Sjetcf Dejnfgm- Fghdabjfs Aen`t \beawby - Agjfgj, Sjetcf Dejnfgm- Dubab Aumpur XVB\ bjf [SV\B - Mbabyseb- Nbutrbej \bpef \bea Aejd - Nbutcjn [rgvejhc, Xgut` Birehb

- M\V 8 'Mctrgstbr Cxprcss' - Mbjeab, [`eaeppejcs- Lbjndgd Xdytrbej - V`beabjf- Hbjbfb Aejc - Ybjhguvcr, HbjbfbBjjcx

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EP

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Lelaegnrbp`y

LGPCX2.2 Aejdejn [ulaeh [gaehy bjf t`c H`brbhtcrestehs t`bt

Hgjtrelutc tg Yeblac Vrbjspgrt Xystcms

2.

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IENS\CX;.2 A\MV [rgocht Aeic Hyhac;.

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Hetecs bhrgss t`c naglc brc aggdejn tg emprgvc trbjspgrtbtegj

ej rcspgjsc tg cvcr-cxpbjfejn urlbj pgpuabtegjs. [abjjcrs

must iejf biigrfblac, cjvergjmcjtbaay irecjfay, bjf sghebaay

rcspgjselac trbjspgrtbtegj sgautegjs t`bt hbj suppgrt

iurt`cr fcvcagpmcjt ej urlbj brcbs. ^`cj bpprgprebtcay

pabjjcf bjf prgpcray empacmcjtcf, aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg

trbjset (A\MV) systcms hbj prgvefc rbpef urlbj mgleaetybjf vetba bhhcss tg hety hcjtcrs irgm surrgujfejn festrehts.

Bttrbhtevc A\MV scrvehcs hbj `cap rcfuhc lgt` trbiieh

hgjncstegj bjf vc`ehuabr cmessegjs. Xuh` systcms basg

`bvc t`c pgtcjteba tg frevc urlbj rcjcwba bjf ejhrcbsc

aghba ejvcstmcjt w`cj suppgrtcf ly cjblaejn pgaehecs.

Emprgvejn trbjspgrtbtegj cj`bjhcs qubaety gi aeic ly nevejn

hetezcjs nrcbtcr bhhcss tg cmpagymcjt gppgrtujetecs, urlbj

bmcjetecs, bjf jcen`lgrejn hgmmujetecs.

V`es lggd bems tg `cap ngvcrjmcjts bjf pulaeh but`gretecs

tg cstblaes` ciichtevc A\MV systcms, bjf ighuscs gj usc gi

[ulaeh-[revbtc [brtehepbtegj ([[[) brrbjncmcjts. \bt`cr

t`bj efcjteiy b sejnac bpprgbh`, wc prcscjt gptegjs

bjf feshuss prbhtehba essucs rcabtcf tg prcpbrejn bjf

empacmcjtejn jcw A\MV [[[ sh`cmcs. V`c bpprgbh` es

ighuscf gj prgvefejn ejigrmbtegj t` bt hbj lc uscf tg mbdc

ejigrmcf fchesegjs, bfbptcf tg aghba pgaehy bjf glochtevcs.

V`c mbtcreba prcscjtcf es ejtcjfcf bs b prbhtehba nuefc tg

fcvcagpejn A\MV [[[s ej lgt` fcvcagpcf bjf fcvcagpejnhgujtrecs. V`es wgrd cjfcbvgrs tg prgvefc bjswcrs tg rcbfcrs

qucs-tegjs rcnbrfejn gw tg suhhcssiuaay ejhgrpgrbtc prevbtc

schtgr pbrtehepbtegj ej A\MV wet` b acsscr cmp`bses gj w`y

A\MV bjf t`c prevbtc schtgr mby lc lcjcieheba. V`c prembry

ighus gi t`es tcxt es nuefejn t`c rcbfcr irgm fcsenj t`rgun`

tg prgocht empacmcjtbtegj. Et stbrts irgm t`c prcmesc t`bt

ujfcrayejn trbjspgrt pgaehy fchesegjs weaa `bvc barcbfy

lccj mbfc bjf t`bt A\MV `bs barcbfy lccj efcjteiecf bs

t`c bpprgprebtc trbjspgrt sgautegj. ^c `bvc ejhaufcf sgmc

aemetcf feshussegj gi pgaehy bjf tch`jehba essucs w`crc t`csc

ferchtay empbht t`c A\MV [[[ bpprgbh`.

IgrcwgrfV`c bpprgbh` es prcscjtcf ej jejc schtegjs, bjf ej prcpbrejn

et t`c but`gr frcw gj hurrcjt ejtcrjbtegjba A\MV [[[

cxpcrecjhc, t`rgun` b screcs gi ejtcrvecws bjf hbsc stufecs.

V`c schtegjs hgvcrcf brc

2. Srlbj Vrbjspgrt bjf aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset

(A\MV)? Bj gvcrvecw gi urlbj trbjspgrt pgaehy, t`ch`brbhtcrestehs gi A\MV sh`cmcs bjf t`c ejiaucjhcs gj

A\MV pgaehecs.

. Fcvcagpejn b [[[ Bnrccmcjt? Aggdejn bt t`c mbej

typcs gi [[[ bnrccmcjts, bj gutaejc irbmcwgrd igr

fcvcagpejn t`c hgjtrbhtuba brrbjncmcjt es fcvcagpcf

t`rgun` rc-vecw gi dcy essucs.

0. [rghurcmcjt?\cvecwejn t`c bpprgbh`cs t`bt t`c pulaeh

but`grety hbj usc tg scacht t`c prevbtc pbrtjcr.

5. Hgjhausegjs

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PEEE

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

V`es lggd `bs lccj fcvcagpcf wet` t`c suppgrt gi t`c [ulaeh-

[revbtc Ejirbstruhturc Bfvesgry Ibheaety ([[EBI), b muate-fgjgr

tch`jehba bssestbjhc ibheaety bemcf bt `capejn fcvcagpejn

hgujtrecs emprgvc t`c qubaety gi t`cer ejirbstruhturc t`rgun`

prevbtc schtgr ejvgavcmcjt - ttp?//www.ppebi.grn, t`c Iejbjhc

bjf Nubrbjtccs tcbm bjf t`c Vrbjspgrt Bjh`gr gi t`c ^graf

Lbjd.

^c lcaecvc t`bt t`es lggd es b usciua hgjtrelutegj tg t`c

fcvcagpmcjt gi urlbj rbea scrvehcs. Muh` wgrd `bs barcbfy

_gulefb Baabgub

Ferchtgr, Iejbjhc, Chgjgmehs bjf Srlbj

^graf Lbjd

H`ber, [[EBI [rgnrbm Hgujhea

Obmba Xbn er

Ferchtgr, Cjcrny, Vrbjspgrt bjf btcr

H`ber, Vrbjspgrt Xchtgr Lgbrf

^graf Lbjd

lccj fgjc gj ncjcrba urlbj trbjspgrt essucs tg w`eh` t`es

lggd es ejtcjfcf tg lc b hgmpacmcjt. V`c lggd s`guaf lc gi

hgjsefcrblac vbauc tg ngvcrjmcjt giiehebas bjf mbjbncrs gi

urlbj rbea cjtcrprescs, w`gsc strbtcny igr emprgvejn urlbj rbea

scrvehcs ejhaufcs usejn t`c prevbtc schtgr bjf bems tg cap t`cm

fcsenj brrbjncmcjts t`bt acbf tg lcttcr scrvehcs. Et s`guaf basg

lc b usciua sgurhc igr prevbtc schtgr spchebaests wgrdejn gj

urlbj rbea trbjspgrt sgautegjs.

Xcptcmlcr

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Vrbm ej Frcsfcj, Ncrmbjy.[`gtg ly bjf rcprgfuhcf ly dejf pcrmessegjgi \bejcr @cssc.

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PY

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

V`es lggd fcbas wet` b sulocht t`bt ejvgavcs b jumlcr gi

empgrtbjt, fevcrsc, bjf sgmctemcs hgmpacx essucs bs

wcaa bs scvcrba brcbs gi prgicssegjba cxpcrtesc. Et frbws

gj t`c cxpcrecjhc bjf bfvehc gi b wefc rbjnejn nrgup gi

prgicssegjbas irgm brgujf t`c wgraf, baa wet` pbrtehuabr

cxpcrecjhc gi A\MV bjf [[[ rcabtcf essucs. Cbh` gi t`csc

bfvescrs lrgun`t feiicrcjt strcjnt`s, cxpcrtesc, bjf efcbs

t`bt hgjtrelutcf tg t`c fcvcagpmcjt gi t`es lggd. Ej rchgn-

jetegj gi t`es ibht, t`crc brc mbjy pcgpac w`g fcscrvc

sejhcrc t`bjds igr t`cer hgjtre lutegj gj w`bt ygu brc blgut

tg rcbf. Gi hgursc, t`c uatembtc rcspgjseleaety igr t`es tcxt

aecs wet` t`c but`gr, lut E bm brc ejfcltcf tg baa t`gsc w`g

hgjtrelutcf t`cer temc bjf ciigrt.

V`es stufy wbs acf ly Hacfbj Mbjfre-[crrgtt bjf Ebej

Mcjzecs. Hacfbj Mbjfre-[crrgtt es t`c mbej but`gr. EbejMcjzecs fcvcagpcf t`c h`bptcr gj iejbjhejn bjf prgvefcf

hgmmcjts t`rgun`gut. V`c lggd es fcvcagpcf irgm t`cer

ogejt wgrd gj b mbogr ejirbstr uhturc trbjsbhtegj upgj w`eh`

sgmc gi t`c mbtcrebas ej t`es lggd brc lbscf. B spcheba

rchgnjetegj ngcs tg t`c rcscbrh` tcbm gi Fbvef Xtenncrs

(w`g basg bhtcf bs mbej cfetgr), Bmet Lurmbj, bjf Fgmejeh

[btcaab, w`g tercacssay wgrdcf gj sgmc gi t`c mbtcreba uscf

ej t`es lggd. V`bjd ygu baa.

V`bjds brc fuc tg t`gsc w`g s`brcf t`cer cxpcrtesc bjfcxpcrecjhc gi sgmc mbogr A\MV [[[ sh`cmcs t`rgun` Hbsc

Xtufy ejtcrvecws, bjf pbtecjtay nbvc cxpabjbtegjs ej t`c

jchcssbry igaagw-up scssegjs, ejhaufejn Vgm Lcbmgj, Og`j

Hbrtmcaa, ^eaaebm Fbh`s, Fbvef @bjf, Ociircy @cwett, Fbvef

Dccp, \bymgjf Aguec, Mbrtej Xpehcr, bjf \cej ^cstrb.

V`crc wbs basg hgjsefcrblac febagnuc wet` gt`cr ejfustry

spchebaests, bjf E bm nrbtciua tg? Meh`ca Bufen, Hcsbr

Brebs, Irbjges Lguabjncr, Yehdrbm Huttbrcc, Oem Fwycr,

Vrgy Cfwbrfs, Lcj Ceolcrncj, Brturg Brfeab Ngmcz, \cejcr

Bhdjgwacfnmcjts@cssc, @ulcrt Jgvc-Ogsscr, Mbrh Ou`ca, Xhgtt MhEjtgs`,

[bua Jgumlb, Ncr`brf Mcjhd`gii, Xaglgfbj Metreh, Jenca

[reh`brf, \eh`brf [gfgasdc, [bua \cffca, Ogrnc \clcag,

Blfua \bs`ef Blfua Bzez, bjf Xbm _emmcrmbj.

V`es w`gac lggd wguaf jgt `bvc lccj pgsselac wet`gut

t`c cjt`usebsteh suppgrt bjf pbtecjhc gi gt`cr ^graf

Lbjd bjf ejfustry hgaacbnucs w`g nbvc cjhgurbncmcjt,

nuefbjhc bjf suppgrt t`rgun`gut. V`csc ejhaufc, bmgjn

gt`crs, \bymgjf Lgurfcbux, H`restgp`c Lgsh`, Ociircy

Fcamgj, Xyaveb Fecz, B`mcf Cewcefb, Nrngerc Nbut`ecr,

@cjry Dcrbae, Mgtgg Dgjes`e, Bjfrcbs Dgpp, Fcjes Dgsagv,

Dscjeb Dgacsjedgvb, Erejb Dgs`cadgvb, Bjfrcy Dgzrcv,

Boby Dumbr, Ncr`brf Mcjhd`gii, Uure Mgah`bjgv, @cjry

\usscaa, Objequc \bhejc, Hacmcjheb Vgrrcs fc Mstac, Fectcr

Xh`caaejn, Mbxem Xgdgagv. V`bjds basg tg gt`cr hgaacbnucsw`g `capcf suppgrt t`es wgrd ej gt`cr wbys, bjf jgt baa gi

w`gm brc aestcf lcagw? H`baefb H`brbjsud, Yevebj H`crebj,

Ybjjcc Fbaab, @gpc Ncrgh`e, bjf Spbae [crcerb.

Aen`t Vrbej ej Lbrhcagjb, Xpbej.[`gtg ly bjf rcprgfuhcf ly dejf pcrmessegjgi \bejcr @cssc.

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But`grety?B pulaeh lgfy h`brncf wet` tbsds t`bt mby ejhaufc

Igrmuabtejn pgaehy [rghurejn bsscts gr prevbtc pbrtjcrs

\cnuabtejn hgjtrbhts

Mgjetgrejn bjf cvbaubtejn prgocht pcrigrmbjhc

Gpcrbtegjs

V`c rgac bjf rcspgjseleaetecs bssenjcf tg but`gretecs mby feiicr fcpcj-

fejn gj ejfevefubaay spcheieh mbjfbtcs gr h`brtcrs.

Bvbeableaety pbymcjt?Iejbjheba hgmpcjsbtegj pbyblac tg t`c fcvcag-

pcr ly t`c nrbjtgr tg bj bnrccf sbtesibhtgry bvbeableaety gi b scrvehc

gr bssct.

Lbabjhc s`cct? B stbtcmcjt s`gwejn bj grnbjezbtegjs iejbjheba bsscts,

aebleaetecs, bjf cquety.

Lbjdbleaety? B mcbsurc gi b prgochts suetbleaety igr hgmmcrheba iejbjhejnt`bt typehbaay ejhaufcs ibhtgrs rcabtcf tg trbjspgrt pgaehy, ejtcnrbtegj,

tehdctejn, bjf mbhrgchgjgmeh hgjfetegjs, bmgjn mbjy gt`crs.

Lbses pgejt? Gjc `ujfrcf lbses pgejts brc cquevbacjt tg 2 pcrhcjt.

Lbses-pgejt feiicrcjtebas (sprcbfs) brc gitcj uscf tg fcshrelc ejtcrcst

rbtcs gj prevbtc fclt rcabtevc tg pulaeh fclt.

Lcst bjf iejba giicr (LBIG)? B iejba rgujf gi leffejn w`crc scachtcf

ierms (typehbaay twg) emprgvc gj t`cer grenejba lef sulmessegjs ej bj

ciigrt tg bh`ecvc t`c lcst hgmlejcf tch`jehba bjf iejbjheba prgpgsbas

igr iejba hgjsefcrbtegj.

Hbs` iagw?B strcbm gi aequef bsscts (t`bt es, hbs`). V`c tcrm ircc hbs`

iagw es gitcj uscf ej t`c hgjtcxt gi b prgocht hgmpbjy tg fcshrelc ets

bleaety tg scrvehc fclt, pby fevefcjfs, bjf ejvcst ej bsscts.

Hgmmcrheba hagsc?V`c pgejt ej temc w`cj prgocht pbr tecs igrmbaezc bjf

senj hgjtrbhtuba bnrccmcjts. Hgmmcrheba hagsc fgcs jgt jchcssbreay

hgejhefc wet` iejbjheba hagsc, bt w`eh` temc baa iejbjheba brrbjncmcjts

brc ej pabhc bjf t`c prgocht hgmpbjy gi t`c fcvcagpcr es rcbfy tg frbw

gj t`c iujfejn bvbeablac igr t`c prgocht.

Hgmmutcr rbea? Xystcms t`bt typehbaay `bvc nrcbtcr festbjhcs lctwccj

stbtegjs, baagwejn t`cm tg bh`ecvc `en` rcvcjuc spccfs. V`csc

systcms brc pbrtehuabray ciichtevc bt hrcbtejn rbpef aejds lctwccj

urlbj hcjtcrs bjf pcrep`cry hgmmujetecs. Cachtreh hgmmutcr rbea

aejds ej fcjsc urlbj brcbs mby ejvgavc hgmpacx hevea wgrds tg bh`ecvc

nrbfc scpbrbtegj.

Hgjhcssegj pbymcjt?B pbymcjt mbfc ly b hgjhcssegjberc tg

b hgjtrbhtejn but`grety.

Hgjsgrteum? B nrgup gi hgmpbjecs bsscmlacf tg lef bjf cvcjtubaay

rcbaezc b aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset prgocht t`rgun` b pulaeh-prevbtc

pbrtjcrs`ep bnrccmcjt.

Hgjsumcr prehc ejfcx (H[E)?B mcbsurc gi ejiabtegj hgmmgjay uscf ej

b jumlcr gi hgujtrecs.

Hgjtejncjt aebleaety?Bj ujhcrtbej glaenbtegj tg pby gr pcrigrm sgmc

scrvehc bt b iuturc fbtc.

Hgjtrbhtejn but`grety gr nrbjtgr?V`c pulaeh hgujtcrpbrty tg

b pulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`ep bnrccmcjt (mgst gitcj b senjbtgry tg t`c

hgjtrbht). Hgjtrbhtejn but`gretecs mby `bvc sgmc gr baa gi t`c rgacs

bjf rcspgjseleaetecs feshusscf ujfcr t`c fciejetegj gi but`grety.

Hgst gi hbpetba? V`c gppgrtujety hgst gi shbrhc rcsgurhcs ejvcstcf ejb prgocht.

NagssbryHgujtcrpbrty resd? Gjc pbrtys resd t`bt bjgt`cr pbrty weaa ibea tg mcct

ets glaenbtegjs bs bnrccf ej b hgjtrbhtuba brrbjncmcjt.Hrcfetwgrt`y?Aedcay tg rcpby b fclt bs bnrccf.

Fclt scrvehc?V`c tgtba bmgujt gi ejtcrcst bjf prejhepba pbymcjts

rcquercf tg sbtesiy t`c hgjfetegjs igr rcpbyejn fclt.

Fcmbjf resd?\esds bssghebtcf wet` ujhcrtbej acvcas gi pbsscjncr gr

hustgmcr jumlcrs usejn t`c aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset scr vehcs.

Fcpgt? B mbejtcjbjhc bjf stgrbnc ibheaety igr aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg

trbjset vc`ehacs. Fcpgts hbj lc rcabtevcay abrnc bjf mby lc blgvc

nrgujf gr ujfcrnrgujf, bs spbteba hgjstrbejts rcquerc.

Fcvcagpcr? V`c prevbtc hgmpbjy gr hgjsgrteum gi prevbtc hgmpbjecs

hgjtrbhtcf t`rgun` b pulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`ep bnrccmcjt tg

pcrigrm sgmc hgmlejbtegj gi t`c igaagwejn? iejbjhejn, fcsenj,

hgjstruhtegj, hgmmessegjejn, mbejtcjbjhc, bjf gpcrbtegjs.Feshgujtcf hbs` iagw (FHI)?B igrm gi bjbayses w`crcly iuturc hbs`

iagws brc vbaucf bt t`cer prcscjt-fby cquevbacjt.

Frbwfgwj? V`c prghcss gi ejhrcmcjtbaay rchcevejn iujfejn gr

iejbjhejn hgmmettcf tg b prgocht.

Fuc feaencjhc? B prghcss gi cxbmejejn bjf bjbayzejn cvcry bspcht

gi b prgocht (iejbjheba, tch`jehba, acnba, mbrdct, bjf sg gj) tg iuaay

ujfcrstbjf ets resds, hbs` iagws, bjf gvcrbaa sustbejbleaety.

Curgfgaabrs?S.X. fgaabrfcjgmejbtcf fcpgsets `caf ej lbjds gutsefc

t`c Sjetcf Xtbtcs.

Cxpbjsegj? Vypehbaay rcicrs tg ejhrcbsejn t`c hustgmcr hbpbhety gi

cxestejn aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset scrvehc rgutcs, ejhaufejn

Ejhrcbsejn t`c jumlcr gi treps lctwccj stbtegjs

Bffejn rgaaejn-stghd hbrrebncs tg trbej hgjienurbtegjs

Ejhrcbsejn t`c hbpbhety gi stbtegjs bjf pabtigrm

ejirbstruhturc

Cxtcjfejn gpcrbtejn `gurs

Cxtcjsegj?Empaecs t`c hrcbtegj gi jcw rgutcs tg brcbs prcvegusay jgt

scrvcf, typehbaay ejhaufejn hgjstruhtejn jcw trbhd ejirbstruhturc ej

bffetegj tg stbtegjs.

Ibrclgx rbteg?B mcbsurc gi gpcrbtejn hgsts t`bt brc hgvcrcf ly ibrc

rcvcjucs (t`bt es, w`bt hustgmcrs pby igr aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset

scrvehc).

Iejbjheba hagsc? V`c fby w`cj t`c prgochts iejbjheba struhturc es

iejbaezcf, baa ejvcstgrs hgmmet iujfs, bjf t`gsc iujfs brc rcbfy tg lc

uscf ly t`c fcvcagpcr.

Igrhc mbocurc?Bj cvcjt lcygjf t`c hgjtrga gi bjy prgocht pbrty t`bt

senjeiehbjtay (bjf gitcj bfvcrscay) biichts b prgocht. Cxbmpacs gi igrhc

mbocurc cvcjts ejhaufc jbturba fesbstcrs, tcrrgresm, brmcf hgjiaeht,

bjf regts.

Igrwbrf hgjtrbht?Bj bnrccmcjt lctwccj twg pbrtecs tg cxh`bjnc

sgmc igrm gi hgjsefcrbtegj bt b iuturc fbtc. Sjaedc iuturcs hgjtrbhts,

igrwbrf hgjtrbhts mby ejvgavc hgujtcrpbrty resd lchbusc t`cy brc jgt

typehbaay trbfcf gj rcnuabtcf cxh`bjncs.

Iuturcs hgjtrbht? Bj bnrccmcjt lctwccj twg pbrtecs tg cxh`bjnc

sgmc igrm gi hgjsefcrbtegj bt b iuturc fbtc. Iuturcs hgjtrbhts

brc trbfcf gj rcnuabtcf cxh`bjncs bjf ejvgavc mbrd-tg-mbrdct

rchgjheaebtegj gi fbeay nbejs gr agsscs. V`c cxh`bjnc-trbfcf icbturcgi iuturcs hgjtrbhts caemejbtcs t`c hgujtcrpbrty r esd bssghebtcf wet`

igrwbrf hgjtrbhts.

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PYEE

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Ncbrejn? V`c rcabtevc prgpgrtegj gi fclt tg cquety ej t`c hbpetba

struhturc gi b prgocht hgmpbjy. @en`ay ncbrcf hgmpbjecs bvc nrcbtcrprgpgrtegjs gi fclt rcabtevc tg cquety iejbjhejn.

Nrbfc-scpbrbtcf `cbvy mctrgs? Xystcms t`bt brc typehbaay igujf ej

brcbs wet` `en` pgpuabtegj fcjsetecs bjf aemetcf p`ysehba spbhc bjf

t`bt rcquerc `en`ay hgmpacx hevea wgrdsgitcj ejhaufejn sulstbjteba

ejvcstmcjts ej ujfcrnrgujf hgjstruhtegj. Nrbfc-scpbrbtcf `cbvy

mctrgs usc rcabtevcay abrnc rgaaejn-stghd hgjienurbtegjs (t`bt es,

mbjy aejdcf hbrs) bjf `bvc `en` rcvcjuc spccfs w`cj stbtegjs brc

suiiehecjtay spbhcf bpbrt. V`csc systcms giicr t`c nrcbtcst pbsscjncr

hbpbhetecs lut basg rcquerc t`c abrncst upirgjt ejvcstmcjts gi bjy aen`t

rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset sgautegj.

Nrbfc-scpbrbtcf mcfeum-hbpbhety aen`t mctrgs? Xystcms t`bt

usc rgaaejn-stghd tch`jgagny semeabr tg aen`t rbea trbejs lut typehbaayejhgrpgrbtc nrcbtcr hgmpacxety ej t`cer hevea wgrds tg bh`ecvc iuaa

scnrcnbtegj irgm ncjcrba trbiieh. Ejhrcbscf scnrcnbtegj baagws igr

`en`cr rcvcjuc spccfs, emprgvcf scrvehc rcaebleaety, bjf nrcbtcr

pbsscjncr hbpbhety. Mbjy nrbfc-scpbrbtcf mcfeum-hbpbhety mctrgs

brc ejbpprgprebtcay ablcacf bs aen`t rbea gj bhhgujt gi t`cer semeabr

rgaaejn stghd.

Nubrbjtcc? Gjc pbrtys bnrccmcjt tg cjfurc t`c hgjscqucjhcs gi

resds gt`crwesc lgrj ly sgmc gt`cr pbrty.

@cfnc?B pgsetegj tbdcj tg giisct sgmc cxpgsurc tg ujhcrtbejty. Igr

cxbmpac, prgocht hgmpbjecs mby cjtcr ejtg igrwbrf hgjtrbhts tg

`cfnc bnbejst ujibvgrblac h`bjncs ej igrcenj cxh`bjnc rbtcs t`bt

hguaf gt`crwesc bfvcrscay biicht prgocht hgsts bjf rcvcjucs.

Acvcrbnc?Bj batcrjbtc tcrm igr fclt bjf t`c fcnrcc gi fclt b prgocht

ejvgavcs. @en`ay-acvcrbncf prgochts ejvgavc nrcbtcr bmgujts gi fclt

rcabtevc tg cquety.

Aebleaety? Bj ujhcrtbej glaenbtegj tg pby gr pcrigrm sgmc scrvehc bt b

iuturc fbtc.

Aen`t rbea trbejs?Mgst aen`t rbea systcms ejhaufc b mex gi scnrcnbtcf bjf

jgjscnrcnbtcf ren`ts gi wby. Aen`t rbea systcms gitcj scrvc fgwjtgwj

brcbs ej bffetegj tg jcen`lgrejn sulurls. Hgmmgj aen`t rbea trbej

systcms usc twg-hbr rgaaejn-stghd hgjienurbtegjs wet` brtehuabtejn

ogejs lctwccj hbrs. V`es brrbjncmcjt prgvefcs igr nrcbtcr pbsscjncr

hbpbhety w`eac steaa baagwejn igr ten`t rbfeus-hgrjcrejn hbpbleaetecs.

Aejdbnc?B rgutc lctwccj twg gr mgrc stbtegjs.

Jct prcscjt vbauc (J[Y)? V`c vbauc (bt hurrcjt temc) gi iuturc hbs`

iagws jct gi cxpcjscs.

Gpcrbtegjba hgjtrga hcjtcr? V`c jcrvc hcjtcr t`bt supcrvescs,

mbjbncs, bjf hgjtrgas aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset systcm gpcrbtegjs.

Xuh` ibheaetecs brc typehbaay hgjjchtcf tg baa bppaehblac senjbaejn bjf

mgjetgrejn systcms gi t`c systcm bjf `bvc fercht hgmmujehbtegjs

wet` aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset vc`ehac frevcrs, stbtegj mbjbncrs,

schurety igrhcs, bjf cmcrncjhy scrvehcs.

Gppgrtujety hgst? V`c igrngjc lcjciet gi jgt pursuejn b jcxt-lcst

batcrjbtevc.

[[[ rcicrcjhc mgfca? B iejbjheba mgfca t`bt fcshrelcs t`c resd-bf-

oustcf hgst tg t`c pulaeh schtgr ej pursuejn b pulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`ep

([[[) bpprgbh` igr b prgocht.[bsscjncrs pcr gur pcr ferchtegj (pp`pf)? V`c jumlcr gi hustgmcrs

b aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset systcm hbj trbjspgrt pcr `gur ej b sejnac

ferchtegj bagjn ets rgutc.

[bx/sqm? B mcbsurc gi pbsscjncr fcjsety cquevbacjt tg t`c i rbhtegjbajumlcr gi pbsscjncrs ghhupyejn b squbrc mctcr gi ircc, gpcj iaggr

spbhc ej b aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset vc`ehac.

[crigrmbjhc mbjbncmcjt systcm? Bj bnrccf sct gi bsscssmcjt

hretcreb tecf tg b rcnemc gi pcjbatecs bjf pgsselay rcwbrfs fcsenjcf tg

baenj prevbtc gpcrbtgr ejhcjtevcs wet` pulaeh ejtcrcst.

[rg rbtb?Fevesegj bhhgrfejn tg sgmc prgpgrtegjba baaghbtegj lctwccj

pbrtehepbjts.

[ulaeh schtgr hgmpbrbtgr ([XH)? B iejbjheba mgfca t`bt fcshrelcs

t`c resd-bfoustcf hgst tg t`c pulaeh schtgr gi rcbaezejn b prgocht usejn

gjay trbfetegjba prghurcmcjt mct`gfs (wet`gut b pulaeh-prevbtc

pbrtjcrs`ep bpprgbh ).

\cicrcjhc fcsenj? B jgjfctbeacf, hgjhcptuba fcsenj prgvefcf tgprgspchtevc fcvcagpcrs gj w`eh` t`cer fctbeacf fcsenjs weaa lc lbscf.

\cicrcjhc fcsenjs typehbaay giicr ncjcrbaezcf nuefbjhc igr mbogr hevea

wgrds, suh` bs trbhd baenjmcjt, hgjhcptuba stbtegj brh`etchturc, bjf

aghbtegj gi mbogr hevea wgrds.

\cscrvc bhhgujt?B scpbrbtc pgga gi iujfs sct bsefc tg pby b iuturc cx-

pcjsc (igr cxbmpac, fclt scrvehc gr mbejtcjbjhc).

\esd bfoustcf? Vcrm t`bt empaecs t`bt t`c gvcrbaa vbauc bssenjcf tg

sgmc hgjsefcrbtegj ejhaufcs b vbaubtegj igr ujhcrtbej guthgmcs t`bt

mby ghhur.

\gaaejn stghd?B hgaachtevc tcrm igr aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset vc`e-

hacs. V`es lrgbf fciejetegj hbj lc sulfevefcf ejtg

\cvcjuc rgaaejn stghd (vc`ehacs t`bt hbrry hustgmcrs)

Jgjrcvcjuc rgaaejn stghd (vc`ehacs t`bt brc uscf igr

mbejtbejejn systcm bsscts, ejhaufejn rcvcjuc rgaaejn stghd)

\gutc?V`c pbt` t`bt b aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset systcms trbhd ig-

aagws.

X`bfgw ibrc?Bj bffetegjba bmgujt gi hgmpcjsbtegj pbef tg b prevbtc

gpcrbtgr ly b pulaeh but`grety igr cbh` hustgmcr ibrc hgaachtcf.

X`bfgw ibrcs hbj lrefnc feiicrcjtebas lctwccj scrvehc hgsts bjf bh-

tuba hustgmcr pbymcjts, t`crcly baagwejn igr agwcr ibrcs ej suppgrt

gi pgaehy ngbas.

Xejdejn iujf? B pgga gi iujfs (bhhumuabtcf t`rgun` rcnuabr pbymcjts)

t`bt es fcsenjbtcf tg pby igr b iuturc cxpcjsc.

Xtrccthbrs bjf trbms? Xcrvehcs t`bt brc typehbaay jgt scnrcnbtcf irgm

ncjcrba trbiieh bjf hbrry prgpgrtegjbaay icwcr hustgmcrs bt sagwcr

spccfs gvcr s`grtcr festbjhcs. Xtrccthbrs bjf trbms brc hgmmgjay

igujf ej bjf brgujf fgwjtgwj brcbs bjf gitcj usc b sejnac-hbr

hgjienurbtegj igr rgaaejn stghd.

Xulgrfejbtcf (oujegr) fclt?Fclt wet` b pregrety igr rcpbymcjt. Xulgr-

fejbtcf gr oujegr acjfcrs rchcevc rcpbymcjt gjay bitcr scjegr acjfcrs

`bvc lccj rcpbef ej iuaa.

Vcjgr? V`c aeic gi b agbj (typehbaay ej ycbrs).

Vrbjh`c?B festejht pgrtegj gi bj gvcrbaa iejbjhejn pbhdbnc.

Ybauc igr mgjcy? B mcbsurc gi t`c bffetegjba vbauc hrcbtcf igr pulaeh

ejstetutegjs t`rgun` suhhcssiua pbrtjcrs`eps wet` prevbtc ierms. V`c

tcrm vbauc igr mgjcy (wet` sgmc nggf gr lbf qubaeiecr) es gitcj uscf

bs b mcbsurc gi gt`cr ejvcstmcjts bs wcaa.

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B[ bvbeableaety pbymcjt

BVH butgmbteh trbej hgjtrga

BYA butgmbteh vc`ehac aghbtegj

LBIG lcst bjf iejba giicr

LLLCC Lrgbf-Lbscf Labhd Chgjgmeh Cmpgwcrmcjt

LH Lretes` Hgaumleb (Hbjbfb)

LCC Labhd Chgjgmeh Cmpgwcrmcjt (Xgut` Birehb)LAV lueaf-acbsc-trbjsicr

LMB Lbjndgd Mctrgpgaetbj But`grety

LGGV lueaf-gpcrbtc-gwj-trbjsicr

LGV lueaf-gpcrbtc-trbjsicr

L\V lus rbpef trbjset

LVG lueaf-trbjsicr-gpcrbtc

LVX Lbjndgd Vrbjset Xystcm

LVXH Lbjndgd Mbss Vrbjset Xystcm Hgrpgrbtegj Aemetcf

HHVY hagscf-herhuet tcacvesegj

HCJ Curgpcbj Hgmmettcc igr XtbjfbrfezbtegjHAHG Hbjbfb Aejcs hgjtrbhtejn but`grety

(ujfcr VrbjsAejd)

HMH hgjtrga bjf mbejtcjbjhc hcjtcr

H[ hgjfetegj prchcfcjt

H[E hgjsumcr prehc ejfcx

H[EP hgjsumcr prehc ejfcx, cxhaufejn mgrtnbnc

ejtcrcst pbymcjts

HXIL Hrcfet Xuessc Ierst Lgstgj

FLIM fcsenj-lueaf-iejbjhc-mbejtbej

FLIG fcsenj-lueaf-iejbjhc-gpcrbtc

FLGM fcsenj-lueaf-gpcrbtc-mbejtbej

FHI feshgujtcf hbs` iagw

FIEF Fcpbrtmcjt igr Ejtcrjbtegjba Fcvcagpmcjt

(Sjetcf Dejnfgm)

FiV Fcpbrtmcjt igr Vrbjspgrt

FA\ Fghdabjfs Aen`t \beawby (Agjfgj)

FA\ Atf. Fghdabjfs Aen`t \beawby Aemetcf

(FA\s hgjtrbhtejn but`grety)

BllrcvebtegjsFgV Fcpbrtmcjt gi Vrbjspgrtbtegj (vbregus hgujtrecs)

FgVH Fcpbrtmcjt gi Vrbjspgrtbtegj bjf Hgmmujehbtegjs

([`eaeppejcs)

FXH\ fclt-scrvehc hgvcrbnc rbteg

CHB cxpgrt hrcfet bncjhy

CFXB A\V V`c hgjsgrteum t`bt lueat Mbjeabs M\V8

CEL Curgpcbj Ejvcstmcjt LbjdCXFB Cpeibjeg fc ags Xbjtgs Bvcjuc ([`eaeppejcs)

Curelgr curg ejtcrlbjd giicrcf rbtc

Cx-Em Cxpgrt-Empgrt

IFLGM iejbjhc-fcsenj-lueaf-gpcrbtc-mbejtbej

NM[VB Nrcbtcr Mbjh`cstcr [bsscjncr Vrbjspgrt But`grety

NM[VC Nrcbtcr Mbjh`cstcr [bsscjncr Vrbjspgrt Cxchutevc

NYBB Nrcbtcr Ybjhguvcr Berpgrt But`grety

NY\F Nrcbtcr Ybjhguvcr \cnegjba Festreht (Hbjbfb)

@LA\ @ufsgj-Lcrncj Aen`t \bea

@M @cr MbocstysEBLH Ejtcrjbtegjba Bssghebtegj gi Lusejcss Hgmmujehbtegj

EHH Ejvcstmcjt Hggrfejbtegj Hgmmettcc ([`eaeppejcs)

EIH Ejtcrjbtegjba Iejbjhc Hgrpgrbtegj

EIE ejtcrjbtegjba iejbjheba ejstetutegj

E[ ejtcaachtuba prgpcrty

E\\ ejtcrjba rbtc gi rcturj

EXG Ejtcrjbtegjba Grnbjezbtegj igr Xtbjfbrfezbtegj

OCPEM Obpbjs Cxpgrt-Empgrt Lbjd

Di Drcfetbjstbat ir ecfcrbuilbu

(t`c Ncrmbj ngvcrjmcjts fcvcagpmcjt lbjd)

DA Dubab Aumpur, Mbabyseb

D[E dcy pcrigrmbjhc ejfehbtgr

AFFH Agjfgj Fghdabjfs Fcvcagpmcjt Hgrpgrbtegj

AELG\ Agjfgj ejtcrlbjd giicrcf rbtc

A\MV aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrg trbjset

A\X[ Aevblac \cnegj Xtrbtcneh [abj (Hbjbfb)

A\V Aen`t \bea Vbej

A\VB Aen`t \bea Vrbjset But`grety

AVI\L Abjf Vrbjspgrtbtegj Irbjh`ejn bjf \cnuabtegj Lgbrf([`eaeppejcs)

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PEP

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

M\N mejemum rcvcjuc nubrbjtcc

M\V Mbss \bpef Vrbjset (jctwgrd, Xejnbpgrc)

M\V8 Mbjeab Mctrg \bea Vrbjset Xystcm aejc 8

(Mctrgstbr Cxprcss)

M\VH M\V8s prgocht hgmpbjy

MV\ Mbss Vrbjset \beawby (@gjn Dgjn, H`ejb)

JBG Jbtegjba Bufet GiiehcJHHE jct-hgst hgjtrbht wet` ejvcstmcjt

JCFB Jbtegjba Chgjgmeh Fcvcagpmcjt Bncjhy

([`eaeppejcs)

J[Y jct prcscjt vbauc

GCHF Grnbjesbtegj igr Chgjgmeh Hg-gpcrbtegj

bjf Fcvcagpmcjt

GXB Giieheba Xchrcts Bht (Mbabyseb)

G&M Gpcrbtegjs bjf Mbejtcjbjhc

[IE prevbtc iejbjhc ejetebtevc

[MX pcrigrmbjhc mbjbncmcjt systcm

pp`pf pbsscjncrs pcr gur, pcr ferchtegj

[[EBI [ulaeh-[revbtc Ejirbstruhturc Bfvesgry Ibheaety

[[[ [ulaeh-[revbtc [brtjcrs`ep

[RR prcqubaeiehbtegj qucstegjjberc

[XH pulaeh schtgr hgmpbrbtgr

[X[ prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj

[SV\B [rgocd Ssb`bsbmb Vrbjset \ejnbj Butgmbted

(Dubab Aumpur)

RMX qubaety mbjbncmcjt systcm\B \cpulaeh Bht ([`eaeppejcs)

\BV[ \nec Butgjgmc fcs Vrbjspgrts [bresecjs (Irbjhc)

\LX \gyba Lbjd gi Xhgtabjf

\C\ \scbu Cxprcss \negjba (Irbjhc)

\I[ rcqucst igr prgpgsbas

\IEF rbfeg ircqucjhy efcjteiehbtegj fcvehc ([`eaaepejcs)

\[E rctbea prehc ejfcx (Sjetcf Dejnfgm)

\[EP rctbea prehc ejfcx, cxhaufejn mgrtnbnc

ejtcrcst pbymcjts (Sjetcf Dejnfgm)

XMMC smbaa, mcfeum, bjf mehrg cjtcrpresc

XMX sbicty mbjbncmcjt systcm

XMV[ strbtcneh mctrgpgaetbj trbjspgrt pabjjejnXJ[L Xybredbt [rbsbrbjb Jcnbrb Lcr`bf

(Dubab Aumpurs pulaehay gwjcf jbtegjba

ejirbstruhturc `gafejn hgmpbjy)

X[Y spcheba-purpgsc vc`ehac

X\V V`beabjf Xtbtc \beawby

XVB\ Xestcm Vrbjset Baerbj \ejnbj (Dubab Aumpur)

XVS spcheba tch`jehba rcquercmcjts

ViA Vrbjspgrt igr Agjfgj

VYM tehdct vcjfejn mbh`ejc

YBA v`ehuac butgmbtequc ancr

YiM vbauc igr mgjcy

YEBB Ybjhguvcr Ejtcrjbtegjba Berpgrt But`grety

UY\ Ybjhguvcr brcbs ejtcrjbtegjba berpgrt

Hurrcjhy symlga Cxpbjfcf jbmc

Hbj$ Hbjbfebj fgaabrs

Curg

II Ircjh` irbjh

\M Mbabysebj rejnnet[ [`eaeppejc pcsg

_B\ Xgut` Birehbj rbjf

L V`be lb`t

S.D. pgujf stcraejn

SX$ S.X. fgaabrs

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\gbfmbp

giEjigrmbtegj

HgjtbejcfejH

`bptcrs

SJFC\XVBJFEJN A\MVXV\SHVS\EJN [\EYBVCXCHVG\ [B\VEHE[BVEGJ

H`bptcr 8?Ejhgrpgrbtejn [revbtc Xchtgr[brtehepbtegj ej A\MV Ejetebtevcs

Feshussegj blgut w`bt t`c prevbtc schtgrhbj giicr bjf sgmc efcbs blgut t`c ciichtgi [[[ gj A\MV sh`cmcs, ejvcstmcjt, bjfgpcrbtegjs bjf pgaehy cjigrhcmcjt

Feshussegj gi t`c vbregus [[[ struhturcsuscf ej fcvcagpejn A\MV sh`cmcs

V`c igur stbncs gi [[[ fcvcagpmcjt bjfempacmcjtbtegj (pgaehy fcvcagpmcjt,brrbjncmcjt fcsenj, fcvcagpcr scachtegj,bjf brrbjncmcjt mbjbncmcjt)

H`bptcr 6?Sjfcrstbjfejn bjf Mbjbnejn \esd

\esd bs bj empgrtbjt ibhtgr ej fctcrmejejn

t`c typc, fcsenj bjf ciichtevc empacmcjtb-tegj gi A\MV [[[ prgochts

Bjbayses bjf baaghbtegj gi rcspgjseleaetecsbjf resds ej A\MV [[[ prgochts, ejhaufejnmbhrgchgjgmeh resds, schtgr-spcheieh resds,bjf prgocht resds

H`bptcr 3?[ulaeh-[revbtc [brtjcrs`ep Fcsenj,Xpcheiehbtegjs, bjf [crigrmbjhcMbjbncmcjt

V`c rcabtegjs`ep lctwccj scttejn scrvehc

rcquercmcjts bjf hgjscqucjt hbpetba bjf

gpcrbtejn hgst jccfs

V`c lbabjhc lctwccj ibrcs bjf sulsefecs,

bjf t`c ciicht gj iejbjhejn

Feshussegj gi `gw dcy pcrigrmbjhc ejfehb-

tgrs fciejc spcheiecf scrvehc qubaetecs bjf

prgvefc t`c hgjtrbhtuba mch`bjesm igr gl-

tbejejn t`cm

H`bptcr 2?Srlbj Vrbjspgrt bjf Aen`t\beaAen`t Mctrg Vrbjset

Lrgbf gvcrvecws gi urlbj trbjspgrtbtegj,rcacvbjt pgaehy hgjsefcrbtegjs, bjf batcrjb-tevcs bjbayses

H`brbhtcrestehs gi A\MV sh`cmcs (shgpc,h`gehc bs urlbj trbjspgrt sgautegj, vbauc igr

mgjcy, bjf lufnctbry pgaehy essucs)

H`bptcr

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PPE

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

EM[ACMCJVEJNBN\CCMCJVX

HGJHASXEGJX

H`bptcr 5?Hgjhausegjs

Xummbry gi mbtcreba feshusscf Hgjhausegjs gj dcy pgejts hgvcrcf

Bjjcxcs Fctbeacf ejigrmbtegj gj prgocht hbsc stu-

fecs, tgnct`cr wet` suppgrtejn mbtcreba gjA\MV [[[ essucs

H`bptcr 9?Iujfejn bjf Iejbjhc

Fcshreptegjs gi vbregus iujfejn sgurhcs, t`cerbfvbjtbncs, bjf ujequc hgjsefcrbtegjs

Fctbeacf feshussegj gj lgt` prgocht bjf hgr-pgrbtc iejbjhc struhturcs bjf t`cer empaehb-tegjs

Lreci gvcrvecws gi rciejbjhejn nbejs, vbau-ejn gi hgjtejncjt aebleaetecs, bjf sejdejn

iujfs

H`bptcr >Hgjtrbhtuba Brrbjncmcjts

V`c acnba irbmcwgrd igr A\MV [[[ sh`c-mcs

Mct`gfs igr bjbayzejn hgjtrbhtuba jccfs,ejhaufejn hgjtrbhtuba bjf iejbjheba aejds,

tcrm s`ccts, bjf usc gi b abycrcf hgjtrbhtbpprgbh` B h`chdaest bpprgbh` (igaagwejn b hgjhcssegj

cxbmpac) tg dcy hgjtrbht habuscs

H`bptcr 0?[rghurcmcjt

H`gehc gi b suetblac mct`gf igr A\MV [[[prghurcmcjt bjf scachtegj gi b fcvcagpcr

Mbjbncmcjt gi t`c leffejn prghcss,ejhaufejn usc gi trbjsbhtegj bfvescrs, spcheb-aest bfvescrs, bjf bwbrf hgmmettccs

H`gehc bjf empacmcjtbtegj gi ciichtevc fc-vcagpcr scachtegj hretcreb bjf cvbaubtegj gilefs

B prbhtehba vecw gi leffejn, cvbaubtegj,scachtegj, bjf jcngtebtegj tg hgjtrbht hagscwet` t`c h`gscj fcvcagpcr

XCHVEGJ

H

XCHVEGJ

F

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Hbsc Xtufecs

Mbjh`cstcr Mctrgaejd-Sjetcf Dejnfgm Xystcm Vypc? Aen`t \bea Vrbej

Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? G&M irbjh`esc

(hurrcjt) iuaa FLGM hgjhcssegj

wet` hbpetba nrbjt (prcvegus)

Dubab Aumpur XVB\ / [SV\B-Mbabyseb Xystcm Vypc? Aen`t Mctrg

Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? Iuaa IFLGM hgjhcssegj

Nbutrbej-Nbutcjn [rgvejhc-Xgut` Birehb Xystcm Vypc? Cactreh Hgmmutcr \bea

Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? Iuaa FLGM hgjhcssegj

(wet` sulstbjteba hbpetba nrbjt)

Hbjbfb Aejc-Ybjhguvcr, Lretes` Hgaumleb Xystcm Vypc? Aen`t Mctrg

Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? Iuaa FLGM hgjhcssegj

(wet` sulstbjteba hbpetba nrbjt)

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PPEEE

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

M\V EEE-Mbjeab, [`eaeppejcs Xystcm Vypc? Aen`t Mctrg

Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? Iuaa FLGM hgjhcssegj wet` acbsclbhd tg pulaeh gpcrbtgr

Fghdabjfs Aen`t \beawby-Sjetcf Dejnfgm

Xystcm Vypc? Aen`t Mctrg Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? Fc-abycrcf hgjhcssegjs

bjf G&M irbjh`esc

Lbjndgd Xdytrbej-V`beabjf Xystcm Vypc? Aen`t Mctrg

Hgjtrbht Xtruhturc? Iuaa FLGM hgjhcssegjBaa p`gtgnrbp`s pulaehay bvbeablac

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Vrbm ej Lcraej, Ncrmbjy.[`gtg ly bjf rcprgfuhcf ly dejf pcrmessegjgi \bejcr @cssc.

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2

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Gvcrvecw

Srlbj Vrbjspgrt bjf Aen`t \beaAen`t Mctrg VrbjsetH`bptcr 2?

V`es lggd `bs lccj fcvcagpcf tg bffrcss t`c nrgwejn

wgrafwefc ejtcrcst ej t`c usc gi aen`t rbeaaen`t mctrgtrbjset (A\MV) sh`cmcs tg prgvefc urlbj trbjspgrtsgautegjs bjf, ej pbrtehuabr, tg rcvecw t`c pgtcjteba uscgi pulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`ep ([[[), gr prevbtc-pulaehpbrtehepbtegj, mgfcas tg suppgrt A\MV sh`cmcs. V`eswgrd, iujfcf ly t`c ^graf Lbjd bjf t`c [ulaeh-[revbtcEjirbstruhturc Bfvesgry Ibheaety, es lbscf gj cxtcjsevcejfustry hgjsuatbtegj bjf t`c fcvcagpmcjt gi hbscstufecs irgm rchcjt mbogr A\MV sh`cmcs, baa ejvgavejnsgmc igrm gi [[[ brrbjncmcjt.

V`c bpprgbh` lcnejs wet` t`c lbseh prcmesc t`bt t`cjccf igr bj A\MV sh`cmc `bs barcbfy lccj ousteiecfbjf t`bt t`crc es b jccf igr b systcmbteh bpprgbh` igrbsscssejn bjf fcvcagpejn t`c sh`cmc w`eac mbdejn uscgi sgmc igrm gi pulaeh-prevbtc pbrtehepbtegj. V`c wgrdfrbws `cbveay gj hurrcjt hbsc stufecs, lgt` ej mbogrejtcrjbtegjba A\MV sh`cmcs bs wcaa bs ej hurrcjt [[[

^c stbrt ly aggdejn bt A\MV sh`cmcs ej t`c hgjtcxt git`c ncjcrba urlbj trbjspgrt schtgr. V`cj essucs rcabtcftg t`c hgmpacxety bjf hbpetba jccfs gi suh` sh`cmcsacbf ejtg hgjsefcrbtegj gi t`c wbys tg iujf t`c abrnchbpetba ejvcstmcjts jccfcf bjf t`c pgtcjteba rgac giprevbtc pbrtehepbtegj ej bh`ecvejn t`es iujfejn. V`c

jbturc gi urlbj trbjspgrtbjf gi A\MV sh`cmcs ejpbrtehuabrrbescs pbrtehuabr bjf dcy qucstegjs gi pgaehybjf gpcrbtegj4 sgmc gi t`csc gvcrbrh`ejn essucs brcfeshusscf.

V`c fchesegj tg empacmcjt jcw A\MV scrvehcs bjf t`csulscqucjt fchesegj tg ejhgrpgrbtc t`c prevbtc schtgrbrc mgst ciichtevc w`cj pbrt gi b abrncr hggrfejbtcftrbjspgrt pabjjejn ciigrt bemcf bt emprgvejn urlbjtrbjspgrtbtegj t`rgun` b vbrecty gi suetblac trbjspgrt

mgfcs. V`c mgst suhhcssiua pabjjejn ciigrts sccmtg lc t`gsc t`bt ejhgrpgrbtc bj ujlebscf cvbaubtegjprghcss igr scachtejn trbjspgrt sgautegjs. Gj t`bt lbses,hgmpcaaejn brnumcjts igr usc gi A\MVgr ejfccf bjygt`cr trbjspgrt mgfcjccf tg lc prcscjtcf lcigrcmbdejn gr empacmcjtejn bjy ejvcstmcjt fchesegj. Xuh`

prcpbrbtgry t`ejdejn es gi pbrtehuabr empgrtbjhc igr A\MVsh`cmcs, lchbusc t`cy ncjcrbaay `bvc mbogr hbpetbaejvcstmcjt rcquercmcjts.

^c aggd bt scvcrba empgrtbjt trbjspgrtbtegj pgaehy tgpehst`bt weaa `bvc b fercht ejiaucjhc gj dcy fchesegjs rcabtcftg prgocht h`gehc bjf empacmcjtbtegj. V`c prembry ighuses tg jgtc t`c stcps tgwbrf sh`cmc empacmcjtbtegj, lutgj t`c bssumptegj t`bt pgaehy fchesegjs `bvc lccj mbfcbjf ujlebscf trbjspgrt mgfc bsscssmcjts `bvc barcbfy

efcjteiecf A\MV bs t`c bpprgprebtc trbjspgrt sgautegj.

lcst prbhtehc. V`c lggd `bs lccj struhturcf tg igaagw

t`c cxpchtcf hgursc gi fcvcagpmcjt gi mbogr A\MVsh`cmcs, irgm pgaehy essucs t`rgun` prghurcmcjt gib veblac bjf sustbejblac brrbjncmcjt. V`c bpprgbh` estg s`gw `gw tg mbdc usc gi [[[ ciichtevcay bjf `gw tgejhgrpgrbtc t`c jchcssbry h`chds bjf lbabjhcs ej t`ccvbaubtegj, fcvcagpmcjt, bjf agjn-tcrm gpcrbtegj git`c prgocht.

V`c lggd es brrbjncf ej jejc dcy sulocht h`bptcrs, bjf t`cscqucjhc bs lccj h`gscj tg igaagw, ej ncjcrba tcrms, t`cwby t`bt t`csc essucs brc fcvcagpcf furejn t`c prgochtaeic hyhac, irgm pgaehy scttejn t`rgun` prghurcmcjt bjfagjn-tcrm mbjbncmcjt gi t`c A\MV sh`cmc (scc ienurc;.2). Cbh` h`bptcr nevcs b lrgbf gvcrvecw gi t`c dcyessucs ejvgavcf, lut t`crc es suiiehecjt suiiehecjt fcpt`tg lc gi prbhtehba usc ej ciichtevc scachtegj, fcsenj, bjfempacmcjtbtegj gi b [[[ brrbjncmcjt igr bj A\MVsh`cmc.

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Vch`jehba EssucsH`bptcr

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8

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Ej t`es h`bptcr, wc ierst hgjsefcr w`bt prevbtc pbrtehepb-

tegj hbj lc cxpchtcf tg bh`ecvc. V`c suhhcssiua usc gi

prevbtc schtgr pbrtjcrs ej cstblaes`ejn A\MV sh`cmcs,bs wcaa bs gt`cr pulaeh schtgr ejirbstruhturc bjf scrvehc

prgvesegj, es wcaa fghumcjtcf. V`rgun` b [[[, t`c

ngvcrjmcjt, bs t`c hgjtrbhtejn but`grety gr nrbjtgr

gj lc`bai gi t`c pulaeh schtgr, hbj frbw gj rcsgurhcs,

cxpcrtesc, bjf hbpetba irgm t`c prevbtc schtgr.

Xtbrtejn irgm t`c prcmesc t`bt t`c fchesegj tg ejvgavc

t`c prevbtc schtgr ej A\MV `bs barcbfy lccj mbfc, wc

rcvecw sgmc gi t`c dcy essucs t`bt rcabtc tg t`c prgvesegjgi A\MV scrvehcs ej urlbj setubtegjs bjf t`c wbys t`bt

prevbtc pbrtehepbtegj men`t bffrcss t`gsc prglacms.

B mbogr essuc es t`c jccf tg cjsurc vbauc igr mgjcy,

pbrtehuabray w`crc usc gi shbrhc pulaeh rcsgurhcs es

ejvgavcf. Hgjsefcrblac ejtcrjbtegjba cxpcrecjhc `bs lccj

uscf tg bsscss [[[ sh`cmcs, bjf sgmc ciichtevc mgfcas

brc nevcj bs cxbmpacs.

[brtjcrejn wet` t`c prevbtc schtgr hbj fcaevcr sulstbjteba

vbauc ly bunmcjtejn aemetcf ngvcrjmcjt hbpbhety (lgt`gpcrbtegjba bjf iejbjheba) tg t`c lcjciet gi trbjspgrt

hustgmcrs. @gwcvcr, igrmuabtejn hgmpacmcjtbry

rcabtegjs`eps lctwccj pulaeh bjf prevbtc cjtetecs es

empgrtbjt, lchbusc ibeaejn tg nct et ren`t hbj `bvc

scvcrc hgjscqucjhcs igr tbxpbycrs, ejvcstgrs, bjf

hustgmcrs. V`c bpprgbh` nevcj ej t`es lggd bffrcsscs

t`es prglacm t`rgun` t`c fcvcagpmcjt gi b veblac bjf

wcaa-struhturcf [[[ brrbjncmcjt.

V`cj, wc feshuss sgmc gi t`c mbej igrms t`bt prevbtc

pbrtehepbtegj tbdcs bjf `gw t`cy men`t lc uscf. V`csc

igrms, w`eh` brc bsscsscf bs b mcbsurc gi t`c resd

tbdcj ly t`c prevbtc bjf pulaeh pbrtecs, vbry ej rbjnc

irgm mbjbncmcjt hgjtrbhts tg iuaa jct-hgst hgjtrbhts

wet` ejvcstmcjt (JHHEs)mgrc hgmmgjay djgwj bs

hgjhcssegjs gr lueaf-gpcrbtc-trbjsicr brrbjncmcjts. c

`bvc tbdcj t`csc mgfcas irgm ejtcrjbtegjba cxpcrecjhc

bjf basg mbdc hgmpbresgjs wet` rchcjt Curgpcbj Sjegj

prbhtehc. Bnbej, jg gjc mgfca iets baa sh`cmcs, bjf wc

ejtrgfuhc t`c bpprgbh bjf fcshrelc `gw et weaa jccf tg

lc tbeagrcf tg t`c bhtuba jccfs bjf mbrdct hgjfetegjs gi

t`c spcheieh A\MV sh`cmc.

Et es empgrtbjt tg ujfcrstbjf t`bt t`c [[[ brrbjncmcjt

es bj ejtcnrba pbrt gi t`c A\MV sh`cmc, jgt oust b hgj-

trbhtuba brrbjncmcjt t`bt hbj lc lgatcf gj bt t`c cjf.

Et `bs empgrtbjt empaehbtegjs igr t`c fcvcagpmcjt gi

pgaehy, bs wcaa bs igr prghurcmcjt bjf veblac gpcrbtegj

gvcr bj cxtrcmcay agjn hgjtrbht pcregfpcr`bps

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[rgbhtevc resd efcjteiehbtegj bjf baaghbtegj brc csscjteba

pabjjejn tggas ej t`c suhhcssiua fcaevcry gi mbogr ejirb-

struhturc prgochts. V`es h`bptcr cxpagrcs mct`gfs gi

baaghbtejn t`c resds bjf rcspgjseleaetecs lctwccj t`c

nrbjtgr bjf t`c fcvcagpcr bjf feshusscs mbjbnejn

fcmbjf resd bjf t`c empaehbtegjs t`bt resd `bs gj t`cstruhturc gi t`c prgpgscf [[[ bnrccmcjt.

Bt cbh` stbnc, irgm fcsenj bjf hgjstruhtegj tg gpcrbtegj,

A\MV systcms ibhc resds. V`c nrbjtgr bjf t`c fcvcagpcr

must efcjteiy baa prgocht resds bjf t`c wbys t`bt t`cy brc

mbjbncf. Igr cxbmpac, A\MV prgochts ibhc stbjfbrf

prgocht resds suh` bs hgujtry, schtgr, bjf prgocht resds.

Igrchbstejn gpcrbtegjba shcjbregs bjf t`c ejtcrpaby

gi t`c resd vbreblacs t`bt hgmpgsc bj ejirbstruhturc

prgocht es jgt bj cxbht shecjhc. Bhhgrfejnay, ciichtevc resdbaaghbtegj weaa lc bj ejtcnrba pbrt gi b prgochts suhhcss.

\esds s`guaf lc hbtcngrezcf ejtg t`gsc t`bt t`c nrbjtgr

gr fcvcagpcr weaa rctbej, trbjsicr, gr s`brc. Ej t`es h`bptcr,

resds brc fcshrelcf bs mbhrgchgjgmeh resds, schtgr resds,

bjf prgocht resds, bs wcaa bs resds ejvgavejn t`c pulaeh bjf

prevbtc pbrtecs bleaety tg pcrigrm. \esds bssghebtcf wet`

mbjbnejn t`c [[[ bnrccmcjt brc feshusscf ej sgmc

fctbea, ejhaufejn essucs suh` bs pbymcjt mch`bjesms,

ibrc resds, bjf ejiabtegj, bs wcaa bs t`c qucstegj gi `gw

tg fcba wet` t`c bsscts, pbrtehuabray bt t`c cjf gi t`c

hgjtrbht pcregf.

Mbjbnejn t`c fcmbjf gr ibrclgx resd es hruheba tg t`c

vebleaety gi b agjn-tcrm brrbjncmcjt. Fcmbjf, refcrs`ep-

iagw mcbsurcmcjts, bjf trbvca temcs bjf vc`ehac spccfs

brc iujfbmcjtba ejputs tg t`c bpprbesba gi bjy A\MV

[[[ prgocht bjf mby lc sccj bs b `bvejn `en` bssghebtcf

resd acvcas. Nevcj t`c prglacms gi rcaebleaety gi fcmbjf

igrchbsts, t`c nrbjtgr mby h`ggsc tg prgvefc cet`crbvbeableaety pbymcjts gr mejemum rcvcjuc nubrbjtccs

tg `cap metenbtc ibrclgx resd. V`csc usciua mch`bjesms

brc fcshrelcf ej sgmc fcpt`.

H`bptcr 6? H`bptcr 3?Sjfcrstbjfejn bjfMbjbnejn \esd

Ej fcsenjejn t`c A\MV [[[ brrbjncmcjt, t`c nrbjtgr

jccfs tg brrevc bt b iejba fcsenj t`bt lbabjhcs t`c prg-

vesegj gi pulaeh scrvehcs bnbejst b lbjdblac tch`jehba bjf

chgjgmeh sgautegj. Bffetegjbaay, gjhc t`c hgjtrbht `bs

lccj cstblaes`cf, t`c nrbjtgr jccfs b mch`bjesm ly

w`eh` et hbj cjsurc t`bt t`c pulaeh scrvehc glochtevcs brcmct furejn t`c aeic gi t`c hgjtrbht.

Ej t`es h`bptcr, wc aggd bt sgmc gi t`c dcy stcps ej

t`c prghcss gi cstblaes`ejn bjf mbejtbejejn t`c [[[

brrbjncmcjt (ienurc ;.

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3

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Feiicrcjt hgjtrbhtuba brrbjncmcjts igr prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj hbj ciichtevcay

prcshrelc t`c iujfejn bjf iejbjhejn mch`bjesms igr A\MV prgochts. V`c mbogrety gi

prgocht iejbjhecrs weaa aggd bt t`c prgpgscf trbjsbhtegj struhturc bjf try tg iejf t`c

iujfejn struhturc t`bt lcst iets. V`es ciigrt, ej turj, hbj `bvc senjeiehbjt ciichts gj

gt`cr empgrtbjt hgjsefcrbtegjs, suh` bs biigrfbleaety, vbauc igr mgjcy, resd trbjsicr,

bjf gvcrbaa prgocht icbseleaety. Lchbusc iejbjheba hagsc usubaay ghhurs abtcr ej b prgochts

fcvcagpmcjt hyhac, pabjjcrs weaa ejcvetblay lc h`baacjncf tg bjtehepbtc t`c empaehbtegjsgi t`cer fchesegjs lcigrc rchcevejn iejba ejvcstgr iccflbhd. Ejfccf, et s`guaf lc lgrjc

ej mejf t`bt sgmctemcs t`c prgocht mby jccf tg lc rcstruhturcf tg suet iujfejn rcquercmcjts. Sjfcrstbjfejn t`c lbseh

iejbjheba hgjsefcrbtegjs gi A\MV prgochts es t`crcigrc csscjteba w`cj sccdejn tg baenj iejbjhejn empaehbtegjs wet` pulaeh

ejtcrcsts furejn cbray pabjjejn stbncs.

Et es basg empgrtbjt igr pulaeh but`gretecs tg bpprchebtc t`bt prevbtc hbpetba hgmcs wet` bj cxpchtbtegj gi rcbsgjblac

rcturj. \btegjba, prgiet-mbxemezejn fcvcagpcrs bjf ejvcstgrs brc prcpbrcf tg tbdc resds gjay ei t`cy cxpcht tg cbrj

hgmmcjsurbtc rcwbrfs. [abjjcrs must hgjsefcr `gw prevbtc ejvcstgrs weaa rchgvcr jgrmba rcturjs t`rgun`gut prgocht

fcvcagpmcjt bjf empacmcjtbtegj. [ulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`eps brc jcvcr ircc, bjf ibeaejn tg ujfcrstbjf t`c jccf igrrcbsgjblac rbtcs gi rcturj hbj rcjfcr prgochts iejbjhebaay jgjveblac gr rcsuat ej ujfcrejvcstmcjt furejn sulscqucjt

stbncs gi gpcrbtegj bjf mbejtcjbjhc.

V`es h`bptcr feshusscs t`c mgrc empgrtbjt iujfejn bjf iejbjhc essucs t`bt brc aedcay tg bresc ej A\MV [[[ prgochts. V`cy

brc fcshrelcf ej suiiehecjt fctbea tg baagw t`c rcbfcr tg gltbej bj ujfcrstbjfejn gi t`cer empgrtbjhc tg t`c suhhcss bjf

vebleaety gi t`c gvcrbaa sh`cmc.

H`bptcr 9?Iujfejn bjf Iejbjhc

Xpcheiy

scrvehc

Cstembtc

hgsts

Xct ibrcs bjf

sulsefecs

[crigrmbjhcmgjetgrejnbjf hgjtrga

Fcsenj

bjfjbjhc

Xgurhc? But`grs rcprcscjtbtegj.

IENS\C ;.

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>

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

H`bptcr 5?Hgjhausegjs

Ej t`es abst h`bptcr, wc rcveset sgmc gi t`c dcy essucs igr

suhhcss cjhgujtcrcf t`rgun` gur rcscbrh`, bjf wc

fcvcagp sgmc t`gun`ts rcabtcf tg t`cer empgrtbjhc. ^c

stbrt wet` sgmc efcbs blgut t`c jccf tg cstblaes` vbauc

igr mgjcy ej [[[ sh`cmc fcsenj bjf empacmcjtbtegj, bs

wcaa bs t`c vbauc t`bt prevbtc iejbjhc hbj lrejn.

Bjgt`cr hgmmgj t`rcbf ej suhhcssiua sh`cmcs sccms

tg lc t`c usc gr fcvcagpmcjt gi bj ciichtevc trbjspgrt

strbtcny, wet` t`c rgac gi A\MV hacbray fciejcf. Ej pbrbaaca

wet` t`es bspcht es t`c bleaety tg mbjbnc ibrcs ejtcaaencjtay,

ejhaufejn b hacbray fciejcf mch`bjesm igr bjy sulsefy

(tbdejn ejtg bhhgujt ejhcjtevcs igr t`c prevbtc schtgr)

bjf b hacbr bjf iber mct`gf igr fcbaejn wet` fcmbjf gr

ibrclgx resd.

V`c struhturc gi pulaeh suppgrt, ejhaufejn nrbjts bjf sul-

sefecs, `bs bj empgrtbjt ciicht gj t`c sh`cmc fcsenj.

Mbjy [[[ sh`cmcs `bvc mch`bjesms tg prgvefc igr

hbpetba sulsefecs, lchbusc hbpetba fcvcagpmcjt hgsts brc

gitcj ibr ej cxhcss gi t`c hbpbhety gi t`c ibrc rcvcjuc tg

iujf t`cm. Cvcj w`cj t`c guthgmc gi A\MV ejvcstmcjts

es acss t`bj efcba, sulstbjteba ejtcrcst ej mbejtbejejn

scrvehcs weaa bamgst bawbys cxest lchbusc gi t`c jumcrgus

stbdc`gafcrs ejvgavcf. Hgjscqucjtay, t`c aedcae`ggf gi b

pulaehay spgjsgrcf lbeagut igr ibeacf prgochts es quetc strgjn.

Blbjfgjejn b iujhtegjejn A\MV systcm wguaf sempay lc

pgaetehbaay ujbhhcptblac ej mgst hbscs, mbdejn t`c strgjn

hbsc igr tryejn tg nct et ren`t irgm t`c cbraecst stbncs.

V`c hgmpactc prghcss rcquercs hbrciua systcmbteh

mbjbncmcjt, wet` rcsgurhcs bjf ighus bfbptcf tg suet t`c

spcheieh prgocht stbnc. V`c prghcss gi prghurcmcjt `bs tg

lc hgmprc`cjsevc, wet` t`c [[[ prghurcmcjt essucs lcejn

hgjsefcrcf bt t`c cbraecst stbncs gi icbseleaety bjf fcsenj.

Cbray bjf hgjtejucf hgjsuatbtegj wet` t`c stbdc`gafcrs

pbrtehuabray t`c prevbtc fcvcagpcrs bjf t`c grnbjezbtegjs

prgvefejn prevbtc iujfejn bjf iejbjhejnfurejn t`c

icbseleaety bjf fcsenj stbncs giicrs b vcry prgfuhtevc wby

gi bh`ecvejn bj gptemba sh`cmc guthgmc.

Iejbaay, bj gvcrbrh`ejn hgjhausegj gi t`es rcscbrh` es t`btejhgrpgrbtejn prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj ej A\MV ejeteb-

tevcs hbj giicr nggf vbauc igr mgjcy, lut bh`ecvejn t`es

glochtevc rcquercs hbrciuaay mbjbncf pabjjejn bjf em-

pacmcjtbtegj. V`c hgmpacx bjf mbssevc jbturc gi A\MV

ejvcstmcjts `bs b fercht ciicht gj t`c typc bjf igrm gi

prevbtc schtgr ejvgavcmcjt, bjf cjsurejn bfcqubtc pulaeh

bjf prevbtc schtgr iujfejn rcquercs b mbogr ejvcstmcjt

ly t`c nrbjtgr ej hgmmetmcjt, temc, bjf rcsgurhcs.

Fcvcagpejn A\MV sh`cmcs t`rgun` [[[ brrbjncmcjts

rcquercs t`c rengr gi b struhturcf bpprgbh` t`bt weaa sbtesiy

lgt` pulaeh bjf prevbtc schtgr glochtevcs. ^c `gpc t`es

lggd weaa nevc sgmc prbhtehba bssestbjhc ej mcctejn t`es

ngba.

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5

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

XCHVEGJB

SJFC\XVBJFEJ

NA\MV

Brgujf t`c wgraf, ejtcrcst es nrgwejn ej t`c usc gi aen`t rbea

aen`t mctrg trbjset (A\MV) sh`cmcs tg sgavc ejhrcbsejn urlbj

trbjspgrt prglacms. Bs t`c jumlcr gi A\MV prgochts ejhrcbscs

bjf b trbhd rchgrf igr t`csc prgochts lcnejs tg nrgw, b semeabr

nrgwt` `bs ghhurrcf ej t`c usc gi pulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`eps

([[[s) tg suppgrt prgvesegj gi pulaeh ejirbstruhturc prgochts.

V`es lggd wbs fcvcagpcf irgm rcscbrh` t`bt wbs iujfcf ly

t`c graf Lbjd bjf t`c [ulaeh-[revbtc Ejirbstruhturc BfvesgryIbheaety ([[EBI) bjf es lbscf gj cxtcjsevc ejfustry hgjsuatbtegj

bjf fcvcagpmcjt gi hbsc stufecs irgm rchcjt mbogr A\MV

sh`cmcs, baa ejvgavejn sgmc igrm gi [[[.

V`c bem gi t`c rcscbrh` wbs tg fcvcagp b prbhtehba bsscssmcjt

gi t`c wby t`bt [[[s hguaf suhhcssiuaay lc uscf tg suppgrt

mgfcrj A\MV sh`cmcs bjf tg prcscjt ciichtevc mct`gfs

igr fcsenj bjf empacmcjtbtegj. V`c lggd stbrts irgm t`c

prcmesc t`bt t`c jccf igr bj A\MV sh`cmc bs lccj ousteiecf,

typehbaay t`rgun` t`c ujfcrtbdejn gi b hgmprc`cjsevc bjf

rengrgus icbseleaety stufy gi gptegjs, empbhts, bjf vbauc-igr-

mgjcy bsscssmcjts. Et hgvcrs t`c dcy essucs tg lc hgjsefcrcf

ej fcsenjejn, fcvcagpejn, bjf empacmcjtejn bj A\MV [[[

bjf giicrs b prbhtehba bpprgbh` tg lc igaagwcf. Hbsc stufecs

gi rchcjt A\MV sh`cmcs ejvgavejn [[[s bvc lccj fcvcagpcf

irgm ejtcrvecws wet` acbfejn ejfustry spchebaests bjf mbjbncrs

ferchtay ejvgavcf ej b jumlcr gi mbogr lcjh`mbrd sh`cmcs

wgrafwefc. Acssgjs bjf hgjhausegjs `bvc lccj frbwj irgm

t`es stufy gi hurrcjt prbhtehc bjf wcrc uscf ferchtay tg fcvcagp

gur wgrd.

2.2EJV\GFSHVEGJEj t`es h`bptcr, wc stbrt ly aggdejn bt A\MV sh`cmcs ej t`c

hgjtcxt gi t`c ncjcrba urlbj trbjspgrt schtgr. Essucs rcabtcf tg

t`c hgmpacxety bjf t`c hbpetba jccfs gi suh` sh`cmcs acbf ejtg

hgjsefcrbtegj gi t`c wbys tg iujf t`c abrnc hbpetba ejvcstmcjts

jccfcf bjf t`c pgtcjteba rgac gi prevbtc pbrtehepbtegj ej

bh`ecvejn t`es iujfejn. V`c jbturc gi urlbj trbjspgrtbjf gi

A\MV sh`cmcs ej pbrtehuabrrbescs empgrtbjt spcheieh qucs-

tegjs gi pgaehy bjf gpcrbtegj, bjf sgmc gi t`csc gvcrbrh`ejn

essucs brc feshusscf crc.

V`c fchesegj tg empacmcjt jcw A\MV scrvehcs bjf t`c sul-

scqucjt fchesegj tg ejhgrpgrbtc prevbtc schtgr ejvgavcmcjt

brc mgst ciichtevc w`cj t`cy brc pbrt gi b abrncr hggrfejbtcf

trbjspgrt pabjjejn ciigrt bemcf bt emprgvejn urlbj

trbjspgrtbtegj t`rgun` b vbrecty gi suetblac trbjspgrt mgfcs.

V`c mgst suhhcssiua pabjjejn ciigrts sccm tg lc t`gsc t`bt

ejhgrpgrbtc bj ujlebscf cvbaubtegj prghcss igr scachtejn

trbjspgrt sgautegjs. Gj t`bt lbses, hgmpcaaejn bjf rbtegjbabrnumcjts igr usejn A\MVgr ejfccf bjy gt`cr trbjspgrt

mgfcjccf tg lc prcscjtcf lcigrc mbdejn gr empacmcjtejn

bjy ejvcstmcjt fchesegjs. Xuh` prcpbrbtgry t`ejdejn es gi

pbrtehuabr empgrtbjhc igr A\MV sh`cmcs, w`eh` ncjcrbaay bvc

mbogr hbpetba ejvcstmcjt rcquercmcjts bs wcaa bs bj ciicht gj

urlbj trbjspgrt pgaehy.

V`es lggd es ejtcjfcf tg lc b usciua nuefc tg A\MV [[[s ej lgt`

fcvcagpcf bjf fcvcagpejn hgujtrecs. Et es ejtcjfcf tg s`gw

`gw tg suhhcssiuaay ejhgrpgrbtc prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj

ej A\MV rbt`cr t`bj feshuss w`y suh` bj bpprgbh` mby lc

lcjcieheba.2Bs b stcp tgwbrf t`es glochtevc, wc aggd lreciay bt

scvcrba empgrtbjt trbjspgrtbtegj pgaehy tgpehs t`bt weaa `bvc b

fercht ejiaucjhc gj dcy fchesegjs rcabtcf tg prgocht h`gehc bjf

empacmcjtbtegj. V`c prembry ighus gi t`es lggd es tg nuefc

t`c rcbfcr gj t`c stcps tgwbrf sh`cmc empacmcjtbtegj, lut

et bssumcs t`bt pgaehy fchesegjs bvc lccj mbfc bjf ujlebscf

trbjspgrt mgfc bsscssmcjts `bvc barcbfy efcjteiecf A\MV bs

t`c bpprgprebtc trbjspgrt sgautegj.

2.2.2Hbsc Xtufy Bpprgbh`V`es lggd es lbscf cxtcjsevcay gj hbsc stufecs (scc bjjcx 2),

w`eh` wcrc scachtcf irgm rchcjt mbogr ejtcrjbtegjba A\MV

[[[s bjf rcprcscjt b fevcrsc rbjnc gi sh`cmc gptegjs, irgm

w`eh` t`c mgst rcacvbjt bjf prbhtehba acssgjs acbrjcf hbj lc

frbwj. V`c lggd frbws `cbveay gj t`c hbsc stufecs, bs wcaa bs

gj gt`cr ejfustry cxbmpacs, tg eaaustrbtc t`c essucs hgvcrcf.

Xgmc gi t`csc A\MV ejetebtevcs yecafcf guthgmcs t`bt feiic-

2Xuh` lcjciets hguaf ejhaufc hgst bjf temc sbvejns. Xcc, igr cxbmpac,Fuiiecaf (

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rcf sulstbjtebaay irgm w`bt wbs grenejbaay cjvesbncf. Igr

cxbmpac, scvcrba gi t`c A\MV [[[s stufecf tcrmejbtcf

lcigrc t`cer pabjjcf hgmpactegj fbtcs. Gjc mbej rcbsgj

wbs t`bt t`c h`baacjncs cjhgujtcrcf wcrc typehbaay mgrc

hgmpacx t`bj grenejbaay cjvesbncf (gitcj ejhaufejn pgaetehba

bjf mbhrgchgjgmeh ibhtgrs gutsefc t`c prgochts shgpc).

Jcvcrt`cacss, t`crc bppcbr tg lc spcheieh acssgjs t`bt hbj lc

acbrjcf bjf t`bt, w`cj bppaecf, bvc t`c pgtcjteba tg emprgvc

t`c h`bjhc t`bt iuturc A\MV sh`cmcs weaa suhhccf.

2.2.< VcrmejgagnyB jumlcr gi tcrms brc uscf t`rgun`gut t`c h`bptcrs gi

t`es lggd. V`c pulaeh schtgr gr ngvcrjmcjt cjtety t`bt luys

t`c scrvehc tg lc fcvcagpcf ujfcr bjy nevcj igrm gi [[[ es

rcicrrcf tg ejfestejhtay bs t`c nrbjtgr, hgjtrbhtejn but`grety,

gr ngvcrjmcjt. ^et` rcspcht tg ncjcrba pgaehy essucs, t`c

rcicrcjhc mby lc mbfc tg t`c ngvcrjmcjt lchbusc t`c nrbjtgr

gr hgjtrbhtejn but`grety es jgt t`c sbmc ngvcrjmcjt cjtety

t`bt es blac tg cjtcr ejtg t`c [[[ hgjtrbht. V`c hgujtcrpbrty tg

t`c pulaeh schtgr es rcicrrcf tg bs t`c fcvcagpcr. V`c fcvcagpcres hgjsefcrcf tg lc t`c prevbtc schtgr pbrty bjf mby lc gjc

gi gr b hgmlejbtegj gi t`c igaagwejn? t`c gpcrbtgr4 t`c trbej

mbjuibhturcr bjf rgaaejn-stghd prgvefcr4 t`c hgjstruhtegj

hgmpbjy4 gr bjy gt`cr stbdc`gafcr t`bt `bs b iejbjheba,

tch`jehba, gr hgmmcrheba stbdc ej t`c cxchutegj gi t`c [[[

prgocht. V`c hgjtrbhtuba brrbjncmcjt fctbeaejn t`c rgacs bjf

rcspgjseleaetecs lctwccj t`c nrbjtgr bjf t`c fcvcagpcr es

rcicrrcf tg bs t`c [[[ bnrccmcjt.

2.

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AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

prcssurcs igr ejtrgfuhejn jcw pulaeh trbjspgrt sh`cmcs hbj lc

`en`. Ngvcrjmcjts bjf pgaehy mbdcrs brc ibhcf wet` h`gehcs

gj gw lcst tg mcct t`cer trbjspgrt jccfs. Hustgmcrs bleaety

bjf weaaejnjcss tg pby, bs wcaa bs hgmpctetegj wet` batcrjbtevc

trbjspgrt mgfcs, agw ibrcs, bjf hgjscqucjt rcvcjucs, mcbj

t`bt t`c ngvcrjmcjts iejbjheba rcsgurhcs brc hgjstrbejcf.

Bffetegjbaay A\MV scrvehcs `bvc h`brbhtcrestehs t`bt hrcbtc

spcheba essucs igr pulaeh pgaehy. Bmgjn t`cm es t`c ibht t`btA\MV scrvehcs hbj hrcbtc lcjciets igr pcgpac jgt rchcevejn

t`c scrvehcs (t`bt es, cxtcrjbaetecs), suh` bs rcfuhtegj ej trbiieh

hgjncstegj, emprgvcmcjt ej cjvergjmcjtba hgjfetegjs,

bjf ncjcrba emprgvcmcjt ej aghba wgrdpabhc bjf chgjgmeh

hgjfetegjs, ejhaufejn stemuaus tg fcvcagpmcjt. V`csc cxtcrjb-

aetecs hbj lrejn mbogr lcjciets tg b hgmmujety t`bt ejfevefuba

hustgmcrs mby jgt lc weaaejn tg pby igr.

Gt`cr essucs ibhejn pgaehy mbdcrs mby bresc irgm t`c ibht t`bt

A\MV sh`cmcs ncjcrbaay `bvc tg lc hgjsefcrcf wet`ej t`c

hgjtcxt gi t`c gvcrbaa urlbj trbjspgrt schtgr, bjf t`c rcabtevc

ejiaucjhc gi cbh` cacmcjt gi t`c schtgr (suh` bs luscs, hbrs,

tbxes, bjf rbea) gj t`c A\MV sh`cmc mby jgt lc cbseay cvbaubtcf.

V`es herhumstbjhc mbdcs et `brfcr igr prevbtc hgmpbjecs tg

mbdc ejigrmcf lefs igr prgvefejn A\MV scrvehcs bjf `brfcr

igr t`c ngvcrjmcjt tg sct bpprgprebtc prehcs. Xteaa mgrc

prglacms brc hrcbtcf ly t`c ibht t`bt vbregus acvcas gi hcjtrba

bjf urlbj ngvcrjmcjts mby bvc gvcrabppejn rcspgjseleaetecs

bjf pgaehecs, bjf t`es setubtegj weaa lc wgrscjcf ei t`crc es jg

hgmprc`cjsevc pulaeh trbjspgrt pgaehy.

Hetecs bhrgss t`c naglc brc aggdejn bt wbys tg emprgvc trbjs-

pgrtbtegj scrvehcs ej rcspgjsc tg cvcr-cxpbjfejn urlbj

pgpuabtegjs bjf nrgwejn mgtgrezbtegj. [abjjcrs must iejf

biigrfblac, cjvergjmcjtbaay irecjfay, bjf sghebaay rcspgjselac

trbjspgrtbtegj sgautegjs t`bt hbj suppgrt iurt`cr fcvcagp-

mcjt ej urlbj brcbs. ^`cj bpprgprebtcay pabjjcf bjf

prgpcray empacmcjtcf, A\MV systcms hbj prgvefc rbpef urlbj

mgleaety bjf vetba bhhcss tg hety hcjtcrs irgm surrgujfejn

festrehts. Bttrbhtevc A\MV scrvehcs hbj `cap rcfuhc lgt`

trbiieh hgjncstegj bjf vc`ehuabr cmessegjs. Xuh` systcms basg`bvc t`c pgtcjteba tg frevc urlbj rcjcwba bjf ejhrcbsc aghba

ejvcstmcjt w`cj suppgrtcf ly cjblaejn pgaehecs. Emprgvejn

trbjspgrtbtegj cj`bjhcs qubaety gi aeic ly nevejn hetezcjs

nrcbtcr bhhcss tg cmpagymcjt gppgrtujetecs, urlbj bmcjetecs,

bjf jcen`lgrejn hgmmujetecs.

2.8FCIEJEJN AEN@V \BEAMCV\G V\BJXEVXUXVCMXLrgbfay fciejcf, A\MV systcms brc urlbj rbea trbjspgrtbtegjsgautegjs t`bt usc cachtrehbaay pgwcrcf hgbh`cs (djgwj bs

rgaaejn stghd) tg trbjspgrt hustgmcrs lctwccj iexcf stbtegjs.

V`crc brc mbjy sulhabsseiehbtegjs wet`ej t`es lrgbf fciejetegj,

bat`gun` feiicrcjtebtejn lctwccj t`cm es gitcj feiiehuat. Ej

t`es tcxt, t`c bllrcvebtegj A\MV `bs lccj uscf tg hgvcr t`c

lrgbf hbtcngrecs gi aen`t rbea trbejs, cachtreh hgmmutcr rbea, bjf

nrbfc-scpbrbtcf mcfeum-hbpbhety aen`t mctrgs. Igr rcbsgjs

gi rcacvbjhc tg gur bpprgbh`, wc h`gsc jgt tg ejhaufc twg

bssghebtcf trbjspgrt igrms? strccthbrs gr trbms bjf nrbfc-

scpbrbtcf `cbvy mctrgs. Abtcr ej t`es h`bptcr, wc fcshrelc ejsgmc fctbea t`c h`brbhtcrestehs gi baa t`c vbregus A\MV mgfcs.

Bjgt`cr hretehba fevesegj lctwccj mgfcs es w`ct`cr t`cy s`brc

t`c pulaeh rcbam gr brc scnrcnbtcf irgm et. Igr cxbmpac, trgaacy

luscs, strccthbrs gr trbms, aen`t rbea, bjf ejtcrurlbjs, cvcj ei

t`cy gpcrbtc gj scpbrbtc ren`ts gi wby gj pbrts gi t`cer rgutcs,

tcjf tg s`brc spbhc wet` gt`cr trbjspgrt mgfcs. Xcnrcnbtcf

systcms ejhaufc, igr cxbmpac, cachtreh rbeawbys bjf mctrgs.

Xcnrcnbtcf systcms ej urlbj hcjtcrs brc feiiehuat lchbusc jcw

suribhc-acvca baenjmcjts ej hetecs brc `brf tg iejf. Cvcj ei t`cy

hbj lc igujf, hgmmujety scvcrbjhc bjf bhhcss prglacms mby

ghhur. Ej bffetegj, b abrnc jumlcr gi nrbfc-scpbrbtcf hrgssejns

weaa lc jccfcf, w`eh` mcbjs t`bt baa mgfcs t`bt hbjjgt s`brc

t`c pulaeh rcbam weaa jccf tg lc cacvbtcf gr ujfcrnrgujf.

Sjfcrstbjfejn prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj ej A\MV ejvcst-

mcjts ierst rcquercs bj bpprchebtegj gi t`c lbseh hgjhcpts bjf

pgaehy hgjsefcrbtegjs ujfcrayejn suh` prgochts. V`c igaagwejn

schtegjs prgvefc b lreci summbry gi sgmc gi t`csc hgjhcpts

bjf lbseh pgaehy hgjsefcrbtegjs bjf fcshrelc sgmc gi t`c

ujequc h`baacjncs gi A\MV [[[s.

XCHVEGJB

SJFC\XVBJFEJNA\MV

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2.6 [ABJJEJN BJF XCACHVEJNV\BJX[G\VBVEGJ XGASVEGJXFchesegjs tg pursuc A\MV gr bjy gt`cr abrnc ejirbstruhturc

ejvcstmcjt hbjjgt lc mbfc wet`gut hgjsefcrblac ejeteba

prcpbrbtegj bjf stufy gj lc`bai gi t`c ngvcrjmcjt, w`eh`

bhts bs t`c nrbjtgr gi t`c prgpgscf [[[ bnrccmcjt. Mbjy

tcxts bjf gt`cr usciua befs hbj nuefc rcbfcrs t`rgun` t`c

vbregus prghcsscs gi bjbayzejn bjf scachtejn bpprgprebtc

trbjspgrtbtegj sgautegjs.8@gwcvcr, t`rcc ibhtgrs mby hrcbtc

scregus glstbhacsujfcr lgt` pulaeh bjf prevbtc gpcrbtegj

tg bh`ecvejn b ngvcrjmcjts ngbas ej cstblaes`ejn suhhcssiua

A\MV sh`cmcs?

Ej mbjy ujpabjjcf bjf ujrcnuabtcf trbjspgrt

mbrdcts, ejfevefuba A\MV rgutcs weaa lc ej hgmpctetegj

wet` gt`cr pulaeh (gr prevbtc) trbjspgrt scrvehcs

scrvejn semeabr brcbs.

Ej pabjjcf trbjspgrt mbrdcts, tch`jgagnehbaay ej-

icregr mgfcs gi trbjspgrt brc aedcay tg lc rcpabhcf lyemprgvcf systcms, bjf t`c rcpabhcf systcm mby lc

hgjvcrtcf ejtg iccfcr scrvehcs.

V`c ejvcstmcjts rcquercf tg prgvefc t`c scrvehcs

brc `en` bjf bamgst ly fciejetegj agjn aevcf bjf

errcvcrselac. Gjhc mbfc, t`cy hbjjgt lc rcvcrscf

s`guaf t`c rcturjs tg t`c ejvcstmcjt prgvc acss t`bj

cxpchtcf.

V`es ierst ibhtgr mcbjs t`bt hustgmcrs `bvejn batcrjbtevc

mgfcs gi trbjspgrt typehbaay rcsest prehc ejhrcbscs cvcj w`cjprehcs brc agwcr t`bj hgsts. V`c empbht gi t`es ibhtgr es gitcj

hgmpgujfcf ly abrnc hgjhcbacf sulsefecs ej, igr cxbmpac,

rgbf usc. Bs b rcsuat, ngvcrjmcjts ibhc strgjn prcssurc

tg dccp prehcs lcagw hgsts bjf tg mbdc up t`c feiicrcjhc

lctwccj prehcs bjf hgsts wet` sulsefecs gr nrbjts. V`c lenncst

h`baacjnc igr ngvcrjmcjts, wet` systcms t`bt brc cet`cr

pulaehay gr prevbtcay gpcrbtcf, es tg bffrcss t`csc prglacms ej

b wby t`bt weaa cjhgurbnc ejvcstmcjt tg emprgvc scrvehcs.

2.6.2Xcachtejn Bpprgprebtc VrbjspgrtXgautegjsH`ggsejn lctwccj gptegjs wet`gut lebs es jg cbsy tbsd ej b

ujevcrsc gi trbjspgrtbtegj sgautegjs. Srlbj rbea ejetebtevcs

sccm pbrtehuabray prgjc tg scachtegj igr rcbsgjs jgt sgacay

rcsuatejn irgm sgujf bjbayses ([ehdrcaa 255

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AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

2.6.

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trbjspbrcjhy bjf tg iuaay feshagsc bj `gjcst bjf

glochtevc bsscssmcjt gi t`c lcjciets, hgsts, empbhts,

bjf resds gi cbh` batcrjbtevc prgpgsba. Efcjteiecf resds

s`guaf lc sulochtcf tg scjsetevety bjbayscs, bjf t`c

hrcfeleaety gi t`csc cvbaubtegjs hguaf lc cj`bjhcf ei

hgjfuhtcf ly bj ejfcpcjfcjt bsscssgr.

Mbdc t`c hbsc igr t`c scachtcf batcrjbtevc. V`c hb-

sc s`guaf tcaa b hacbr, hg`crcjt, bjf hgjhesc stgryblgut `gw t`c hurrcjt trbjspgrt prglacms weaa lc

bffrcsscf ly t`c scachtcf batcrjbtevc. Et s`guaf

cxpabej t`c rcabtevc ciichtevcjcss bjf hgsts gi t`c

gt`cr batcrjbtevcs lcejn cvbaubtcf ej bffrcssejn t`c

sbmc trbjspgrt prglacms. Iejbaay, t`c hbsc s`guaf lc

mbfc bs tg w`y t`c scachtcf batcrjbtevc es t`c lcst.

Mbdc t`c fchesegj.Gj t`c lbses gi rcscbrh` bjf ej-

igrmbtegj, pgaehy mbdcrs s`guaf jgw lc ej b sgujf

pgsetegj irgm w`eh` tg mbdc bj ejigrmcf fchesegj.

2.6.6 Hcjtrbaezejn [abjjejn igr Mctrgpgaetbj\cnegjsFcsenjejn prgpcray ejtcnrbtcf, ejtcaaencjtay pabjjcf, bjf wcaa-

gpcrbtcf pulaeh trbjspgrtbtegj jctwgrds typehbaay rcquercs

b hcjtrbaezcf trbjspgrtbtegj gr trbjset but`grety. Efcbaay, t`es

nrgup s`guaf `bvc b mbjfbtc rcbh`ejn bhrgss baa mgfcs gi

urlbj trbjspgrt bjf s`guaf basg `bvc t`c lufnctbry rcsgurhcs

bjf acnba but`grezbtegj tg empacmcjt jcw trbjspgrt ejetebtevcs.

Ej t`c jcbr tcrm, b hcjtrbaezcf pabjjejn lgfy s`guaf wgrd tg

rbtegjbaezc t`c igaagwejn?

\gutc abygut (igr lgt` trujd bjf iccfcr jctwgrds)

Xcrvehc sh`cfuacs

Ibrc acvcas igr feiicrcjt scrvehcs

\cnuabtegj gi hgmpacmcjtbry bjf hgmpctejn trbjspgrt

fcvcagpcrs (suh bs prevbtc lus hgmpbjecs)

Vehdctejn bjf tehdct ejtcnrbtegj lctwccj mgfcs

Ejhgrpgrbtegj gi jgjmgtgrezcf trbjspgrt

(suh` bs lehyhacs)

[brdejn hgsts bjf rcabtcf pgaehecs

Hgjncstegj prehejn bjf gt`cr tgaas gj prevbtc trbjspgrt

Bhhcss igr trbjspgrt hustgmcrs wet` fesbleaetecs

Igr A\MV systcms tg rcbaezc t`c mgst pgsetevc guthgmcs, t`cer

sezc, shgpc, bjf hgst rcquerc spcheba hgjsefcrbtegj, bjf `en`

acvcas gi ejtcnrbtegj must ghhur lctwccj vbregus trbjspgrtbtegj

mgfcs. A\MV aejds gitcj igrm t`c trujds gi urlbj trbjs-

pgrtbtegj ejirbstruhturc. V`csc trujds rcquerc suppgrt irgmiccfcr jctwgrds tg rcbaezc ciiehecjhecs t`rgun` nrcbtcr pbsscj-

ncr vgaumcs. Xemeabray, festrelutegj jctwgrds must hbrry pb-

sscjncrs irgm trujd scrvehcs tg t`cer iejba fcstejbtegjs. Ej-

tcnrbtejn wet` iccfcr bjf festrelutegj jctwgrds (bjf gt`cr

trujd aejds) hbj lc b fbujtejn tbsd, cspchebaay w`cj vbregus

scrvehcs ibaa ujfcr feiicrcjt ngvcrjmcjt cjtetecs. Mbjy A\MV

systcms `bvc gpcjcf tg agwcr-t`bj-cxpchtcf refcrs`ep bs b

rcsuat gi pggr ejtcnrbtegj wet` iccfcr bjf festrelutegj scrvehcs

gr pggr hggrfejbtegj wet` t`c pulaeh cjtetecs t`bt gvcrscc t`cm.

Hcjtrbaezcf trbjspgrtbtegj pabjjejn igr cjterc mctrgpgaetbj

rcnegjs hbj `cap tg prcvcjt t`es guthgmc ly caemejbtejn t`c

brteieheba glstbhacs tg scrvehc hggrfejbtegj empgscf ly bfme-

jestrbtevc lgujfbrecs.

2.6.3Xtrbtcneh Mctrgpgaetbj Vrbjspgrt[abjjejnEj bffetegj tg ighusejn gj jcbr-tcrm systcm emprgvcmcjt,

hcjtrbaezcf trbjspgrt but`gretecs basg jccf tg hbrry gut ciichtevc

strbtcneh mctrgpgaetbj trbjspgrt pabjjejn (XMV[), w`eh` ighu-

scs gj agjn-tcrm pgaehy ngbas bjf t`c ejvcstmcjts jccfcf tg

rcbaezc t`cm. Nggf XMV[ rcquercs t`c igaagwejn?

Hgjsefcrbtegj gibjf hggrfejbtegj wet`baa mgfcs

gi trbjspgrt ej t`c urlbj cjvergjmcjt. Xcbmacss ej-

tcnrbtegj lctwccj mgfcs cj`bjhcs t`c scrvehc qubaety

gi pulaeh trbjspgrtbtegj.3Et hrcbtcs bffetegjba vbauc igr

hustgmcrs, w`eh` rcsuats ej nrcbtcr refcrs`ep, ejhrcb-

scf sbtesibhtegj, bjf emprgvcf systcm sustbejbleaety.

3Xuh` hgjsefcrbtegj s`guaf basg ejhaufc t`cmbjjcr ej w`eh` t`c prgpgscf A\MV systcm weaaejtcnrbtc wet` rgbf bjf vc`ehac usbnc.

H@B[VC\2

Aen`t \bea ej Fulaej, Ercabjf.[`gtg ly bjf rcprgfuhcf ly dejfpcrmessegj gi Obmcs Fwycr.

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23

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

[abjjejn igr cjterc mctrgpgaetbj brcbs bhrgss bf-

mejestrbtevc bjf pgaetehba lgujfbrecs.Bt t`c vcry acbst,

suh` pabjjejn empaecs febagnuc lctwccj stbdc`gafcr

ejstetutegjs. Acnesabtevc bhts mby cvcj lc jchcssbry tg

cmpgwcr scachtcf ejstetutegjs tg h`bmpegj prgochts

t`rgun` tg empacmcjtbtegj.

Mcbjejniua stbdc`gafcr hgjsuatbtegj bjf ejvgavc-

mcjt. Ejhgrpgrbtejn iccflbhd irgm hetezcjs, luse-

jcsscs, bncjhecs, ablgr grnbjezbtegjs, bjf gt`cr

nrgups es blsgautcay hretehba tg XMV[. B struhturcf yct hgjtejugusay cvgavejn mct`gfgagny

igr bjbayzejn t`c rgac gi prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj.

Mbjy hgujtrecs `bvc cstblaes`cf fcfehbtcf [[[

ujets t`bt pcrigrm lgt` supcrvesgry bjf tch`jehba

bssestbjhc iujhtegjs. Hgjhcjtrbtejn cxpcrtesc ej

gjc jbtegjba ujet hbj `cap tg cjsurc hgjsestcjhy bjf

prgvefc vbaublac nuefbjhc igr sulsgvcrcenj ejste-

tutegjs.

Igrmba prghcsscs igr pabjjejn, prgocht cvbaubtegj,

bpprgvba, bjf empacmcjtbtegj. Acnba rcquercmcjtss`guaf cjsurc t`bt baa pabjjejn bjf fchesegj mbdejn

tbdc pabhc wet`ej t`csc prghcsscs. Vrbjspbrcjt rc-

pgrtejn bjf pulaeh feshagsurc s`guaf basg ghhur bt

cbh` stbnc gi b prgochts cvgautegj.

B agjn-tcrm vesegj igr trbjspgrtbtegj bjf qubaety

gi aeic ej t`c urlbj cjvergjmcjt. Baa fchesegjs bjf

prghcsscs s`guaf suppgrt t`c ngbas brtehuabtcf wet`ej

t`es vesegj. [abjjejn, empacmcjtbtegj, bjf bsscssmcjt

must lc pbrt gi b hgjtejugus hyhac gi bhtegj bemcf bt

bh`ecvejn pgaehy ngbas.

B fchesegj tg empacmcjt b jcw A\MV scrvehc bjf bsulscqucjt fchesegj tg ejhgrpgrbtc prevbtc schtgr

ejvgavcmcjt. V`csc fchesegjs s`guaf lc pbrt gi b

abrncr hggrfejbtcf XMV[ pabjjejn ciigrt bemcf bt

emprgvejn urlbj trbjspgrtbtegj t`rgun` b vbrecty gi

mgfcs.

B lebs-ircc cvbaubtegj prghcss. V`c prghcss acbfejn

up tg t`c scachtegj gi A\MV must rcmbej ircc irgm

lebs tgwbrf bjy gjc mgfc gi trbjspgrt. H`ggsejn

trbjspgrt sgautegjs s`guaf jgt ejvgavc prcfctcrmejcf

guthgmcs gr ujrcbsgjblay ejiabtcf prgochtegjsfcsenjcf tg lebs fchesegjs ej gjc ferchtegj gr bjgt`cr

(Dumbr bjf _emmcrmbj ;;,;;; pcgpac pcr fby wguaf refc t`c

systcm. Bhtuba refcrs`ep acvcas bt gpcjejn wcrc ej t`c rbjnc gi

23;,;;; pbsscjncrs pcr fby. Xystcm rcvcjucs wcrc sg agw t`btt`c hgjhcssegj hgmpbjy cvcjtubaay lchbmc ujblac tg mcct

ets iejbjheba glaenbtegjs.

Xdytrbejs scrvehcs giicrcf hacbr vbauc tg hustgmcrs ly cjblaejn

t`cm tg bvgef Lbjndgds cxtrcmc trbiieh bt b rcbsgjblac hgst.@gwcvcr, wet`gut suppgrtejn mgfcs gi trbjspgrtbtegj, mbjy

gi Lbjndgds hetezcjs hguaf jgt bhhcss t`c systcm ciichtevcay.

Mgrc rchcjt emprgvcmcjts ej scrvehc ejtcnrbtegj (ejhaufejn t`cejhgrpgrbtegj gi fcfehbtcf iccfcr luscs) `bvc `capcf ejhrcbsc

Xdytrbejs refcrs`ep tg bpprgxembtcay 69;,;;; pbsscjncrs pcr

wccdfby. Igr mgrc ejigrmbtegj blgut Xdytrbej, scc bjjcx 2.

Vrbej gi Lbjndgd, V`beabjf.

Lgx 2.< eaaustrbtcs t`c empgrtbjhc gi XMV[.

XCHVEGJB

SJFC\XVBJFEJNA\MV

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2.6.9 Srlbj Fcvcagpmcjt [ulaeh Vrbjspgrtbjf t`c [crep`crbaezbtegj gi t`c [ggr\bpef urlbj fcvcagpmcjt hbj cxbhcrlbtc fespbretecs lctwccj

biiaucjt bjf pggr `gusc`gafs, w`crc ejhrcbscf rcba cstbtc

vbaucs bjf hgrrcspgjfejnay `en` rcjts rcsuat ej ncgnrbp`eh

scpbrbtegj gi feiicrcjt sghegchgjgmeh habsscs. Ncjtreiehbtegj

hbj fespabhc t`c urlbj pggr tg t`c pcrep`crecs gi fcvcagpejn

hetecs gr ejtg fcjscay pbhdcf saums w`crc lbseh ejirbstruhturc

scrvehcs mby lc fciehecjt gr cjtercay abhdejn. Nrcbtcr urlbj

ejhgmcs hbj ejhrcbsc pcrsgjba vc`ehac gwjcrs`ep, w`eh`

fchrcbscs fcmbjf igr pulaeh trbjspgrtbtegj scrvehcs bjf basg

prgfuhcs bffetegjba jcnbtevc cxtcrjbaetecs (suh` bs pgaautegj

bjf hgjncstegj). [brbfgxehbaay, urlbj fcvcagpmcjt hbj bhtubaay

`brm pggr pgpuabtegjs ei t`cy lchgmc esgabtcf irgm fcserblac

ogls ej fcvcagpcf urlbj brcbs lchbusc gi pggr trbjspgrtbtegj

bhhcss (Lbrgjc bjf \clcag

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2>

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Xystcm typc

\cvcjuc

spccf

[cbd hbpbhety(pbsscjncrs pcr

`gur ej pcbd

ferchtegj)

Vypehba fcnrcc

gi scnrcnbtegj

Hgmmgjtch`jehba

trbets

Xtrccthbrgr trbm

Agw Agw(3,;;; gr acss)

Jg senjeflhbjt fcnrcc gi scnrcnbtegj

Ircqucjt strcct hrgssejns [rembreay bt nrbfc Xejnac-hbr rgaaejn-stghd hgjflnurbtegjs

Aen`t rbea trbej Agwmcfeum Agwmcfeum(2;,;;;-2

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Igr gur purpgscs, fciejetegjs igr feiicrcjt habsscs gi A\MV systcms

bjf t`cer typehba bppaehbtegjs ejhaufc t`c igaagwejn?

Xtrccthbrs bjf trbms. V`csc scrvehcs brc typehbaay jgt

scnrcnbtcf irgm ncjcrba trbiieh bjf hbrry prgpgrtegjbaay

icwcr hustgmcrs bt sagwcr spccfs gvcr s`grtcr festbjhcs.Xtrccthbrs bjf trbms brc hgmmgjay igujf ej bjf brgujf

fgwjtgwj brcbs bjf gitcj usc b sejnac-hbr hgjienurbtegj

igr rgaaejn stghd.

Aen`t rbea trbejs. Mgst aen`t rbea systcms ejhaufc b mex

gi scnrcnbtcf bjf jgjscnrcnbtcf ren`ts gi wby. Aen`t

rbea systcms gitcj scrvc fgwjtgwj brcbs ej bffetegj tg

jcen`lgrejn sulurls. Hgmmgj aen`t rbea trbej systcms

usc twg-hbr rgaaejn-stghd hgjienurbtegjs wet` brtehuabtejn

ogejts lctwccj hbrs. V`es brrbjncmcjt prgvefcs igr

nrcbtcr pbsscjncr hbpbhety w`eac steaa baagwejn igr ten`trbfeus-hgrjcrejn hbpbleaetecs.

Cachtreh hgmmutcr rbea.Nrcbtcr festbjhcs lctwccj stb-

tegjs baagw cachtreh hgmmutcr rbea systcms tg bh`ecvc

`en` rcvcjuc spccfs gr `en`cr ejtcrstgp spccfs. V`csc

systcms brc pbrtehuabray ciichtevc bt hrcbtejn rbpef aejds

lctwccj urlbj hcjtcrs bjf pcrep`cry hgmmujetecs.

Cachtreh hgmmutcr rbea aejds ej fcjsc urlbj brcbs

mby ejvgavc hgmpacx hevea wgrds tg bh`ecvc nrbfc sc-

pbrbtegj.9

Nrbfc-scpbrbtcf mcfeum-hbpbhety aen`t mctrgs. V`csc

systcms mby usc rgaaejn-stghd tch`jgagny semeabr tg aen`t

rbea trbejs lut typehbaay ejhgrpgrbtc nrcbtcr hgmpacxety ej

t`cer hevea wgrds tg bh`ecvc iuaa scnrcnbtegj irgm ncjcrba

trbiieh.> Ejhrcbscf scnrcnbtegj baagws igr `en`cr rcvc-

juc spccfs, emprgvcf scrvehc rcaebleaety, bjf nrcbtcr

pbsscjncr hbpbhety. Mbjy nrbfc-scpbrbtcf mcfeum-

hbpbhety mctrgs brc ejbpprgprebtcay ablcacf bs aen`t rbea

gj bhhgujt gi t`cer semeabr rgaaejn stghd. Nrbfc-scpbrbtcf `cbvy mctrgs.@en` pgpuabtegj fcjse-

tecs bjf aemetcf p`ysehba spbhc rcquerc t`csc systcms tg

ejhgrpgrbtc `en`ay hgmpacx hevea wgrdsgitcj ejhaufejn

sulstbjteba ejvcstmcjts ej ujfcrnrgujf hgjstruhtegj.

Nrbfc-scpbrbtcf `cbvy mctrgs usc rcabtevcay abrnc

rgaaejn-stghd hgjienurbtegjs (t`bt es, mbjy a ejdcf hbrs) bjf

`bvc `en` rcvcjuc spccfs w`cj stbtegjs brc suiiehecjtay

spbhcf bpbrt. V`csc systcms giicr t`c nrcbtcst pbsscjncr

hbpbhetecs lut basg rcquerc t`c abrncst upirgjt ejvcstmcjt

gi bjy A\MV sgautegj (@bahrgw Igx Et must lc jgtcf t`bt t`c tcjfcjhy ej A\MV es tg mgvc trbjset tg b schgjfacvca tg baagw ujicttcrcf usc gi rgbf spbhc igr t`c prevbtc hbr. V`es fchesegj espgaetehba rbt`cr t`bj chgjgmeh. Nevcj t`c nrcbtcr spbhc bjf cjcrny ciiehecjhy

gi pulaeh trbjspgrt, et mby lc mgrc ciiehecjt tg `gaf trbiieh up tg baagwrbea vc`ehacs tg hrgss bj ejtcrschtegj t`bj tg hgjstruht b nrbfc-scpbrbtcf

ejtcrschtegj.

Xtrccthbr grtrbm

Aen`t rbeatrbej

Cachtrehhgmmutcr

rbea

Nrbfc-scpbrbtcfmcfeum-hbpbhetyaen`tmctrg

Nrbfcscpbrbtcf

`cbvymctrg

\bjnc gi A\MV systcmsfeshusscf wet`ej t`es tcxt

Ejhrcbsejn hgmpacxety gi hevea wgrds, pbsscjncr hbpbhety bjf vc`ehac spccf

H@B[VC\2

Ienurc 2.2

Xhgpc gi A\MV Xh`cmcs Hgjsefcrcf

Xgurhc? Fgmejeh [btcaab

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25

AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

Bat`gun` trbm bjf strccthbr systcms hcrtbejay qubaeiy bs A\MV

systcms, wc fg jgt ighus gj t`cm lchbusc t`cy fg jgt s`gw up

bs mbogr [[[s ej t`c tcrretgrecs wc aggdcf bt. Bt t`c gt`cr cjfgi t`c spchtrum, wc fg jgt ighus gj nrbfc-scpbrbtcf `cbvy

mctrgs lchbusc t`c tch`jehba hgmpacxety gi t`csc systcms

bjf t`cer cxtrcmcay en` hbpetba hgsts mbdc t`cm senjeiehbjtay

feiicrcjt irgm t`c gt`cr systcms.

2.9EJIASCJHCX GJ A\MV [GAEHU FCHEXEGJX

2.9.2 \chgmmcjfbtegjs tg [gaehy Mbdcrs[gaehy mbdcrs s`guaf cjsurc t`bt b hgjhcrtcf ciigrt es mbfc tghgjfuht b rengrgus batcrjbtevc gptegjs bjbayses pregr tg mbdejn

b fciejetevc fchesegj gj w`ct`cr tg prghccf wet` bj A\MV

trbjspgrt sgautegj. Et es bfvesblac tg pcrigrm prgocht pabjjejn

ej twg festejht p`bscs (Metreh 2550)?

2.Chgjgmeh bjf iejbjheba cvbaubtegj gi muatepac trbjspgrtgptegjs.V`c cvbaubtegj s`guaf lc pcrigrmcf usejn b agw tg

ejtcrmcfebtc acvca gi bhhurbhy gi hgst bjf trbiieh igrchbsts

bjf s`guaf lc hrgss-rcicrcjhcf tg t`c iejbjheba hbpbhety gi

t`c hety. V`c mbej pgejt gi t`c cxcrhesc es jgt tg scttac gj

gjc gptegj lut tg fchefc w`eh` gptegj s`guaf lc stufecf ejnrcbtcr fctbea ej p`bsc < gi t`c prgocht pabjjejn hyhac.

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Fcvcagpejn bj ciichtevc ejigrmbtegj strbtcny es gitcj jc-

hcssbry tg s`gw t`c vbregus gptegjs igr qubaety bjf fcpcjf-

blac urlbj trbjspgrt scrvehcs igr lgt` rbea bjf batcrjbtevc

mgfcs. Ej t`c hbsc gi t` c prgpgscf [urpac Aejc, b ^cl setc

(`ttp?//www.purpacaejcmf.hgm) wbs cstblaes`cf igr t`c

prgocht. V`c ^cl setc feshagscf, bmgjn gt`cr t`ejns, t`c

Batcrjbtevcs Bjbayses/Frbit Cjvergjmcjtba Empbht Xtbtcmcjt,

w`eh` cvb-aubtcf b jumlcr gi batcrjbtevc trbjset gptegjs,

ejhaufejn t`c igaagwejn?

B jg-lueaf batcrjbtevc B trbjspgrtbtegj systcms mbjbncmcjt batcrjbtevc

V`rcc L\V tch`jgagnylueaf batcrjbtevcs

V`rcc A\MV tch`jgagnylueaf batcrjbtevcs

B rchcjt stufy hgjfuhtcf ly rcscbrh`crs irgm t`c Mbssb-

h`usctts Ejstetutc gi Vch`jgagny bjf Obpbjs Jbngyb Sjevcrsety

sgun`t tg tcst igr b hustgmcr lebs tgwbrf rbea scrvehcs (Lcj-

Bdevb bjf Mgredbwb

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Cachtrehbaay pgwcrcf rgaaejn stghd hbj `cap agwcr cmessegjs ej

t`c urlbj cjvergjmcjt ly rcfuhejn t`c rcaebjhc gj mgtgrezcf

pcrsgjba trbjspgrtbtegj. \bea tch`jgagny etscai hgjtrelutcs

tg rcfuhcf nrccj`gusc nbs cmessegjs t`rgun` rcncjcrbtevc

lrbdejn, w`eh` uscs t`c mgtgrs bs lrbdcs. \bt`cr t`bj lcejn

wbstcf bs cbt, t`c mgtgrs bht bs ncjcrbtgrs bjf hgjvcrt t`c

surpaus cjcrny ejtg cachtrehety, w`eh` es t`cj rcturjcf tg t`c

gvcr`cbf werc gr suppay rbea. Xtufecs `bvc s`gwj t`bt trbejsmbdejn ircqucjt stgps hbj sbvc brgujf

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).

Xuiiehecjt ejhcjtevcs wet`ej t`c prghurcmcjt struhturc bjf t`c

prgocht hgjtrbhts tg cjsurc t`bt bsscts bjf scrvehcs brc fcvcagpcf

bjf fcaevcrcf ej b temcay, ciiehecjt, bjf ciichtevc mbjjcr, ejhaufejn

lgt` rcwbrfs bjf fcfuhtegjs(scc h`bptcrs 3 bjf >).

Hgjtrbht tcrm fctcrmejcf wet` rcicrcjhc tg t`c pcregf gvcr w`eh`

t`c nrbjtgr hbj rcbsgjblay prcfeht t`c rcquercmcjt gi t`c scrvehcs

lcejn prghurcf. V`es cacmcjt weaa rcquerc hbrciua hgjsefcrbtegj gi,

bmgjn gt`cr ibhtgrs, pgtcjteba h`bjncs ej cjf-usc rcquercmcjts,

pulaeh pgaehy h`bjncs, fcsenj aeic gi t`c bssct, jumlcr gi mbogr

bssct upnrbfcs gr rciurles`mcjts furejn t`c pcregf gi t`c hgjtrbht,

pgtcjteba h`bjncs ej t`c wby scrvehcs hguaf lc fcaevcrcf (suh` bs

tch`jehba bfvbjhcs), bjf brrbjncmcjts igr t`c bssct bt cxpery gi

t`c hgjtrbht (scc h`bptcrs 3 bjf >).

Xuiiehecjt sdeaas bjf cxpcrtesc gj t`c pbrt gi lgt` t`c pulaeh bjf t`c

prevbtc schtgrs bjf t`c ciichtevc usc gi t`es cxpcrtesc furejn t`c

prghurcmcjt prghcss bjf sulscqucjt fcaevcry gi t`c prgocht.

Mbjbncmcjt gi t`c shbac bjf hgmpacxety gi t`c prghurcmcjttg cjsurc t`bt hgsts brc jgt fesprgpgrtegjbtc tg t`c ujfcrayejn

prgocht (scc h`bptcr 0).

V`c prghurcmcjt prghcss must lc wcaa pabjjcf, mbjbncf, bjf cxchutcf

bjf must lc trbjspbrcjt igr t`csc YiM frevcrs tg lc ciichtevc bjf igr gvcrbaa

YiM bh`ecvcf(scc h`bptcr 0).

2.>.2Biigrfbleaety

Fctcrmejejn t`c biigrfbleaety gi A\MV [[[s rcquercs hgjse-fcrbtegjs lcygjf upirgjt hbpetba sulsefecs bjf prgocht

fcvcagpmcjt hgsts. [rgvefejn bpprgprebtc rbtcs gi rcturj

igr prevbtc pbrtjcrs w`eac dccpejn ibrcs biigrfblac weaa gitcj

rcquerc gjngejn gpcrbtejn bjf mbejtcjbjhc sulsefecs, w`eh`

brc pbef igr ly pulaeh sgurhcs. Cvcj ei pulaeh but`gretecs `bvc

bhhcss tg ejeteba iujfs, abtcr iujfejn rcquercmcjts hbj cxhccf

pulaeh lufnctbry hbpbhety. V`c qubaety gi A\MV scrvehcs weaa

ejcvetblay suiicr sulstbjtebaay w`cj pulaeh ejstetutegjs must

igrng hgjtejuejn ejvcstmcjt rcquercmcjts gj bhhgujt gi

ejsuiiehecjt iujfs. [abjjcrs must bhhgrfejnay hgjsefcr t`cagjn-tcrm biigrfbleaety gi jcw scrvehcs. Abtcr h`bptcrs weaa

feshuss mch`bjesms igr pulaeh suppgrt bjf t`cer rcabtevc mc-

rets ej mgrc fctbea.

Ycry icw pulaeh trbjspgrtbtegj scrvehcs hgaacht suiiehecjt

ibrc rcvcjucs tg hgvcr systcm gpcrbtejn hgsts. Bat`gun`

gt`cr sgurhcs gi ejhgmc (irgm prgpcrty fcvcagpmcjt bjf

bfvcrtesejn) hbj giisct gpcrbtejn agsscs, mgst ejetebtevcs

rcquerc sgmc igrm gi gpcrbtejn sulsefy tg dccp ibrcs agw

bjf bttrbht refcrs`ep. Feiicrcjhcs lctwccj hustgmcr ibrcs

bjf bhtuba gpcrbtejn hgsts brc gjc wby tg nbunc t`c acvca gi

pulaeh suppgrt rchcevcf. Hgmpbresgjs bhrgss systcms rcquerc

sgmc jgrmbaezejn ibhtgr tg bhhgujt igr feiicrcjhcs ej sezc bjf

aghbaety. Bhhgrfejnay, t`c ibrclgx rbteg es b hgmmgj ejfustry

mctreh uscf tg hgjsestcjtay bsscss t`c prgpgrtegj gi gpcrbtejn

hgsts hgvcrcf ly hustgmcr ibrcs bs igaagws?

Bs bj ejfehbtegj gi `gw muh` gpcrbtejn sulsefy jcw scrvehcs

men`t rcquerc, ienurc 2.8 s`gws t`c festrelutegj gi ibrclgx

rbtegs igr S.X. aen`t rbea systcms t`bt rcpgrtcf tg t`c Jbtegjba

Vrbjset Fbtblbsc ej

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V`c Sjetcf Xtbtcs es sgmcw`bt ujequc nevcj ets en`cr rbtcs gi

butgmgleac gwjcrs`ep bjf agwcr urlbj pgpuabtegj fcjsetecs

rcabtevc tg gt`cr fcvcagpcf jbtegjs. Ly hgjtrbst, S.D. trbm

systcms gpcrbtc bt rbtegs nrcbtcr t`bj 2;; pcrhcjt. @gwcvcr,

S.X. aen`t rbea ibrclgx rbtegs fg giicr bj empgrtbjt acssgj

rcnbrfejn t`c sulsefecs t`bt rbea-lbscf pulaeh trbjspgrtbtegjgitcj rcquercs. [abjjejn ciigrts igr jcw A\MV scrvehcs s`guaf

ejhaufc t`grgun` cxbmejbtegj gi tbreii s`grtibaasbjf `cjhc

gpcrbtejn sulsefecsjchcssbry tg bh`ecvc pgaehy ngbas suh` bs

biigrfbleaety gr nrcbtcr systcm refcrs`ep. Ejstetutegjba lufncts

must lc rglust cjgun` tg bhhgmmgfbtc bffetegjba rchurrejn

cxpcjscs irgm jcw A\MV ejetebtevcs. Lcygjf t`c glvegus jccf

igr lbabjhejn lufncts, prevbtc ejvcstgrs weaa sccd bssurbjhcs

t`bt pulaeh pbrtjcrs hbj mcct t`cer glaenbtegjs t`rgun`gut bj

A\MV prgochts aeic.

Ienurc 2.8

Festrelutegj gi Ibrclgx \chgvcry \btegs igrS.X. Aen`t \bea Xystcms \cpgrtejn tg t`c S.X.Jbtegjba Vrbjset Fbtblbsc ej .< Hgjtejncjt AebleaetecsHgjtejncjt aebleaetecs rcprcscjt hgmmetmcjts tg iuturc cx-

pcjfeturc ei hcrtbej cvcjts ghhur (@M Vrcbsury ).

Hgjtejncjt aebleaetecs bjf t`c gppgrtujety hgst gi hbs` rcscrvcs

cstblaes`cf tg hgvcr t`cer pgtcjteba empbhts s`guaf igrm bj

empgrtbjt hgmpgjcjt gi biigrfbleaety bjbayses. Abtcr schtegjs

gi t`es lggd weaa feshuss vbauejn resds bjf hgjtejncjt aebleaetecs

ej nrcbtcr fctbea.

2.>.8Lufnctbry EmpaehbtegjsV`c lufnctbry empaehbtegjs gi A\MV ejetebtevcs `bvc b mbogr

ciicht gj pulaeh schtgr iejbjhcs. V`c mbssevc jbturc gi A\MV

cxpcjfeturcs `bs tg lc ousteiecf bnbejst t`c gppgrtujety hgst

gi shbrhc pulaeh iujfs. [abjjcrs s`guaf basg hagscay hgjsefcr

hgjtejncjt aebleaetecs bssghebtcf wet` prevbtc schtgr pbrtehepbtegj

tg cjsurc t`bt A\MV scrvehcs fg jgt rcquerc iuturc lbeaguts bt

nrcbt hgst tg pulaeh ejstetutegjs bjf tbxpbycrs.

2.>.6Hgmpctetevcjcss gi A\MV XystcmsVrbjspgrtbtegj es b hgmpctetevc lusejcss (scc lgx 2.6). Sjaedc

t`c hbsc wet` gt`cr ejirbstruhturc schtgrs, suh` bs wbtcr bjf

cachtrehety, cxhausevc ren`ts tg gpcrbtejn pulaeh trbjspgrtbtegj

systcms suh` bs A\MV brc jgt purc mgjgpgaecs. Hustgmcrs

H@B[VC\2

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3% 23%

05

#gisystc

msw

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3%

giaestc

fibrclgx

rbteg

s

Ibrclgxrch

gvcryr

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2

3

Ibrclgx rbtegs igrbmcrehbj aen`t rbea

systcms rcpgrtejn ej

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ejhcjtevc struhturcs. Ej mbjy hbscs, ibrc rcnemcs brc acss t`bj

gptemba gj bhhgujt gi pgaetehezbtegj gr pggray hgjsefcrcf tbreii

hgjtrgas. Ibrcs igr sgmc A\MV systcms brgujf t`c wgraf mby

bhtubaay lc rcnuabtcf tgg agw, prcvcjtejn fcvcagpcrs irgmcxpagetejn prehejn pgwcr tg ejhrcbsc ibrclgx rbtegs (bjf rcfuhc

pulaeh suppgrt) wet`gut gvcray bfvcrsc ciichts gj refcrs`ep

acvcas.

2.>.3A\MV Xcrvehc igr [ggr [gpuabtegjsMbjy A\MV ejetebtevcs rchcevc hretehesm igr hbtcrejn abrncay tg

meffac-habss hustgmcrs w`eac ibeaejn tg nbej refcrs`ep bmgjn

agwcr-ejhgmc nrgups. Vbrnctejn A\MV scrvehcs bjf sulsefecs

tgwbrf pggr pgpuabtegjs hbj lc bj ejtcaaencjt strbtcny igr

rcfuhejn pgvcrty bjf ejhrcbsejn fcvcagpmcjt. @gwcvcr, pabj-jcrs must rcbaezc t`bt t`csc sulsefecs mby lc lcttcr spcjt

cascw`crccspchebaay ei t`c pggr abhd gt`cr lbseh ejirbstruhturc

scrvehcs(scc lgx 2.3).

Lgx 2.3

Gppgrtujety Hgst gi [ulaeh Iujfsbjf Xt. Aguess MctrgAejd

^`cj hgjsefcrejn t`c bpprgprebtcjcss gi usejn A\MV tgscrvc pggr pgpuabtegjs, pabjjcrs s`guaf lc hgnjezbjt gi

t`c gppgrtujety hgsts bssghebtcf wet` sulsefecs rcquercf tg

mbdc scrvehcs biigrfblac. Bs bj cxbmpac gi t`es setubtegj, gjcchgjgmest cxbmejcf t`c bjjuba gpcrbtejn bjf hbpetba sul-

sefy prgvefcf tg t`c MctrgAejd systcm ej Xt. Agues, Messgure

ej t`c Sjetcf Xtbtcs (SX$288 meaaegj ej

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AEN@V \BEA - AEN@V MCV\G

2.>.9Cjsurejn Bhhcss igr Baa[abjjcrs, fcvcagpcrs bjf pgaehy mbdcrs bvc b mgrba glaenbtegj

tg cjsurc t`bt pcrsgjs wet` fesbleaetecs cjogy nggf bhhcss tg

A\MV scrvehcs. Ejfccf, ej mbjy ouresfehtegjs, et es jgw b acnba

glaenbtegj(scc lgx 2.9).

[ulaeh-prevbtc pbrtjcrs`ep bnrccmcjts ej A\MV s`guaf rc-

hgnjezc t`es ibht bjf ejhaufc prgvesegjs bffrcssejn lbseh

bhhcsseleaety icbturcs suh` bs t`c igaagwejn

Aeit bhhcss tg ujfcrnrgujf gr cacvbtcf struhturcs

Fcsenjbtcf frgpgii pgejts wet` bmpac rggm igr spc-

hebaezcf vc`ehacs

\bmps w`crc bpprgprebtc Bhhcsselac abvbtgry ibheaetecs

Ferchtegjba senjbnc

Vbhteac nuefbjhc systcms

efcr ibrc nbtcs igr bhhgmmgfbtejn w`ccah`bers

(basg `capiua tg pbsscjncrs hbrryejn lbnnbnc gr pbr-

hcas)

Ncjcrbaay lbrrecr-ircc ibheaetecs

Bpprgprebtcay fcsenjcf nbps lctwccj pabtigrms bjf

rgaaejn stghd

Cjsurejn nggf bhhcss basg ejhaufcs wgrdejn tg emprgvc trbjs-

pgrt scrvehcs t`bt ejtcnrbtc wet` A\MV. Igr cxbmpac, iccfcr

jctwgrds s`guaf ejhaufc agw-iaggr luscs wet` cxtcjfblac

Lgx 2.9

Bhhcsseleaety bjf Xejnbpgrcs Mbss\bpef Vrbjset Jctwgrd

V`c ngvcrjmcjt gi Xejnbpgrc `bs rchcjtay cj`bjhcf bhhcsse-

leaety t`rgun`gut ets Mbss \bpef Vrbjset (M\V) jctwgrd ej rcs-pgjsc tg t`c jccfs gi bj bnejn pgpuabtegj. Lcnejjejn ej 2553,

60 cxestejn M\V stbtegjs `bvc ujfcrngjc upnrbfcs tg hgmpay