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EFFECTIVE PROBLEMSOLVING TECHNIQUES
PRESENTED BY:
MADHURENDRA KUMAR
MUKUL ANAND
VEERESH TRIPATHI
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Most people rush to find
solution before knowing thereal problem.
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What is Problem?
Problem is a chance for you to do your best.
A problem is the difference between the actualstate and desired state.
A problem is an opportunity for improvement.
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Most people spend more time and
energy going around problems than
in trying to solve them.
Henry Ford
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What is Problem solving?
Problem solving is a tool, a skill and a process.
It is a tool because it can help you to solve an
immediate problem or to achieve a goal.
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It is a skill because once you have learnt it
you can use it repeatedly, like the ability to
ride a bicycle, add numbers or speak a
language.
It is also a process because it involves a
number of steps.
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Steps to Problem Solving
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STEPS:
1.Identify the problem
Involves identifying the problem in order to
find an appropriate solution.
2.Explore the problem
Looking at the problem from different angles.Such as:
How is this problem affecting ?
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3.Set goals After having thought about the problem from
different angles one can identify their goals.
4.Look at Alternatives
Involves brain-storming for ideas to collect alist of possibilities.
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5.Select a possible solution
Choosing the most relevant and manageable
alternative.
6.Implement a possible solution
Putting the chosen solution in action.
7.Evaluate
Examining the possible solution for its effectiveness.
For e.g.:
How effective was that solution?
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GUIDELINES FOR MORE EFFECTIVE
PROBLEM SOLVING
Run over the elements of the problem in rapid
succession several times, until a pattern emerges
that encompasses all elements simultaneously.
Suspend judgment, dont jump to conclusion.
Explore the environmental and vary the temporal
and spatial arrangement of the material
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Produce a second solution after the first.
Critically evaluate your own ideas andconstructively evaluate those of others.
Take a break when you are really stuck.
Talk about your problem with someone, youmay have missed some aspects of it.
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Techniques of Problem Solving
SWOT - Analyzing strengths, weaknesses,
opportunities and threats.
Systems Diagrams - Understanding how factors
affect each other.
Cause & Effect Diagrams - Identifying likely
causes of problems.
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Porter's Five Forces - Understanding the balance of
power in a situation.
PEST Analysis - Understanding "big picture" forces
of change.
Value Chain Analysis - Achieving excellence in the
things that matter.
Mckinsey Engagement- A powerful tool kit for
efficient and effective team problem solving.
Cognitive tools & attitudes, team (talk , evaluate ,
assist & motivate) & focus (frame ,organize ,collect ,
understand & synthesize).
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Trend charts (run charts), representation of
data in time sequence (spikes & dips in data to
identify sudden performance changes).
Pareto Analysis
Statistical technique in decision making that is used for
selection of a limited number of tasks that produce
significant overall effect.
It uses the Pareto principle i.e. a large majority ofproblems (80%) are produced by a few key causes
(20%).
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MAPS (Multivariate Analysis, Participation and
Structure) by Kilmann and Mckelvey.
MAPS groups tasks into task-cluster , people into
people-cluster , assigning jobs in clusters results in an
alternative organzational design.(12 step design
technology).
Continuous Process Improvement (CPI) Teams.to introduce process changes to improve the quality of
a product or service, to better match customer and
consumer needs.
Project Teams, members usually belong to different
groups, functions and are assigned to activities for
the same project.
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Few other tools Facility layout diagrams.
Work flow analysis.
Information flow analysis. Process analysis charts.
Fishbone diagrams.
Difficulty-impact grids.
Activity analysis.
Time studies.
Statistical process control (SPC).
Failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA).
Fault tree analysis (FTA).
Check sheets.
Histograms.
Scatter plots
Cause and effect diagrams.
Control charts.
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Effective Problem Solving
Conditions
A clear, precise problem statement which is not too
general or too restrictive.
Appropriate involvement of others in the goal-setting
process.
A supportive work climate which encourages
production of ideas helpful to the organization. Avoidance of too hasty evaluation through a
separation of idea production from idea evaluation.
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A systematic, orderly evaluation of the pros and cons
of all alternatives involved and the degree of
confidence in actual receipt of benefits.
Separation of ideas from the people so the ideas are
evaluated on their own merit.
Emphasis on challenging but realistic objectives
rather than wordy definitions limiting responsibility.
Recognition that individual differences in
personalities and in situation require flexibility of the
manager in using problem-solving approaches.
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Conclusion Effective problem solving requires effective
diagnosis, creative solutions and anorganizational awareness.
Designers have to begin at the more basiclevel & mobilize resources within a given
organization design.
The need for more managers to effectivelyunderstand orderly problem-solving
procedures. There is a need to develop and use a problem-
solving process that is both scientific andindividual differences viewpoints.
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Thank You!