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PROBLEM STATEMENT: GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL PROBLEM STATEMENT: GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL Ronald Greeley [email protected] Arizona State University 11 January 2001 Ronald Greeley [email protected] Arizona State University 11 January 2001 Objectives and Investigations for Mars Exploration Objectives and Investigations for Mars Exploration configuration of the interior magnetic field history thermal evolution mantle evolution configuration of the interior magnetic field history thermal evolution mantle evolution MARS GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL MARS GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL Objective: determine formation and evolution of crust (in priority order) Objective: determine formation and evolution of crust (in priority order) present water sedimentary processes absolute time-scale igneous history surface-atmosphere interactions crustal structure tectonic history crustal composition present water sedimentary processes absolute time-scale igneous history surface-atmosphere interactions crustal structure tectonic history crustal composition Objective: characterize the interior (in priority order) Objective: characterize the interior (in priority order)
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PROBLEM STATEMENT: GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL

PROBLEM STATEMENT: GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL

Ronald [email protected]

Arizona State University11 January 2001

Ronald [email protected]

Arizona State University11 January 2001

Objectives and Investigations for Mars ExplorationObjectives and Investigations for Mars Exploration

� configuration of the interior� magnetic field history� thermal evolution� mantle evolution

� configuration of the interior� magnetic field history� thermal evolution� mantle evolution

MARS GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOALMARS GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL

Objective: determine formation and evolution of crust (in priority order)Objective: determine formation and evolution of crust (in priority order)

� present water� sedimentary processes� absolute time-scale� igneous history� surface-atmosphere interactions� crustal structure� tectonic history� crustal composition

� present water� sedimentary processes� absolute time-scale� igneous history� surface-atmosphere interactions� crustal structure� tectonic history� crustal composition

Objective: characterize the interior(in priority order)Objective: characterize the interior(in priority order)

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 1: Search for waterInvestigation 1: Search for water

� global mapping� global search for subsurface water� search for subsurface water

from surface� drill for water� in situ measurements, mineralogy,

etc.

� global mapping� global search for subsurface water� search for subsurface water

from surface� drill for water� in situ measurements, mineralogy,

etc.

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 2: Evolution of sedimentary processes/materialsInvestigation 2: Evolution of sedimentary processes/materials

� global mapping� in situ study� drilling

? 100m? 1 km

� returned samples

� global mapping� in situ study� drilling

? 100m? 1 km

� returned samples

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 3: Absolute time scale/cratering recordInvestigation 3: Absolute time scale/cratering record

� isotopic dates for 2 or more sites� determine current impact flux� isotopic dates for 2 or more sites� determine current impact flux

GEOLOGIC HISTORY OF MARS

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 4: Evaluate igneous processes through timeInvestigation 4: Evaluate igneous processes through time

� global mapping

� in situ analyses, 3 sites

� returned samples, 2 sites

� search for thermal anomalies

� global mapping

� in situ analyses, 3 sites

� returned samples, 2 sites

� search for thermal anomalies

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 5: Surface-atmosphere interactions (polar, aeolian, weathering, mass-wasting, etc.)Investigation 5: Surface-atmosphere interactions (polar, aeolian, weathering, mass-wasting, etc.)

� global mapping� global SAR mapping� in situ measurements, sediments

3 sites� weather network, 16 stations� returned samples, 3 sites

� global mapping� global SAR mapping� in situ measurements, sediments

3 sites� weather network, 16 stations� returned samples, 3 sites

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 6: Vertical crustal structure/regional variationsInvestigation 6: Vertical crustal structure/regional variations

� global mapping

� global SAR mapping

� in situ measurements, 3 sites

� seismic monitoring, 2 sites

� returned samples, several sites

� global gravity surveys

� global mapping

� global SAR mapping

� in situ measurements, 3 sites

� seismic monitoring, 2 sites

� returned samples, several sites

� global gravity surveys

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 7: Tectonic history and present activity of crustInvestigation 7: Tectonic history and present activity of crust

� global mapping

� global magnetic measurements

� regional magnetic surveys

� seismic monitoring

� global mapping

� global magnetic measurements

� regional magnetic surveys

� seismic monitoring

FORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUSTFORMATION AND EVOLUTION OF THE CRUST

Investigation 8: Bulk composition and evolution of crustInvestigation 8: Bulk composition and evolution of crust

� global mapping

� global SAR mapping

� in situ measurements

� seismic monitoring

� returned samples, 3 sites

� global mapping

� global SAR mapping

� in situ measurements

� seismic monitoring

� returned samples, 3 sites

CHARACTERIZE THE INTERIORCHARACTERIZE THE INTERIOR

Investigation 1: Determine interior configurationInvestigation 1: Determine interior configuration� global gravity survey� global magnetic measurements� concurrent rotational dynamics, 2 landers� global seismic monitoring, 12 stations

� global gravity survey� global magnetic measurements� concurrent rotational dynamics, 2 landers� global seismic monitoring, 12 stations

Investigation 2: Magnetic field historyInvestigation 2: Magnetic field history

� global magnetic measurements� regional magnetic surveys� global magnetic measurements� regional magnetic surveys

Investigation 3: Thermal evolution of the crustInvestigation 3: Thermal evolution of the crust

� global gravity survey� global magnetic survey� concurrent rotational dynamics, 2 landers� global seismic monitoring, 12 stations� in situ heat flow

� global gravity survey� global magnetic survey� concurrent rotational dynamics, 2 landers� global seismic monitoring, 12 stations� in situ heat flow

Investigation 4: Chemical and thermal evolution, mantleInvestigation 4: Chemical and thermal evolution, mantle� as above� returned samples, igneous rocks� as above� returned samples, igneous rocks

GEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOALGEOLOGY-GEOPHYSICS GOAL

� Will require >decades of work

� Progress will be iterative

� Few investigations will be 100% completed

� For some investigations, humans are more efficient andprovide higher quality results

� Need to determine unique aspects of human exploration(e.g., real-time adaptability....?)

� Will require >decades of work

� Progress will be iterative

� Few investigations will be 100% completed

� For some investigations, humans are more efficient andprovide higher quality results

� Need to determine unique aspects of human exploration(e.g., real-time adaptability....?)


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