Problems for chapter 11

Learning Check

Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of compounds that are inorganic or organic. ___ 1. has a high melting point ___ 2. is not soluble in water___ 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3

___ 4. has a formula MgCl2

___ 5. is flammable___ 6. is nonpolar

Solution

Identify each of the following characteristics as most typical of compounds that are inorganic or organic. inorganic 1. has a high melting point organic 2. is not soluble in waterorganic 3. has a formula CH3─CH2─CH3

inorganic 4. has a formula MgCl2

organic 5. is flammableorganic 6. is nonpolar

Learning CheckIdentify each of the following molecules as organic or inorganic.

A. C3H8

B. C7H14Cl2

C. CaCl2

D. CH3OHE. SiH4

SolutionIdentify each of the following molecules as organic or inorganic.

A. C3H8

B. C7H14Cl2

C. CaCl2

D. CH3OHE. SiH4

organicorganicinorganicorganicinorganic

Learning Check

1. Give the name of each of the following compounds. A. CH3—CH3

B. CH3—CH2—CH3

C. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3

2. Write the condensed structural formula of pentane.

Solution

1. Give the name of each of the following compounds. A. CH3—CH3 ethane

B. CH3—CH2—CH3 propane

C. CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3 hexane

2. Write the condensed structural formula of pentane.CH3—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH3

Learning Check

1. Draw the condensed structural formula of

A. What is its molecular formula? B. What is its name?

H

C

H

CCCCC

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

Learning Check

1. Draw the condensed structural formula of

A. What is its molecular formula? C6H14

B. What is its name? hexane

H

C

H

CCCCC

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H

H3C CH2 CH2 CH2 CH2 CH3

Learning Check

Draw the condensed structural formula for the following alkanes.

A. ethane

B. heptane

Solution

Draw the condensed structural formula for the following alkanes.

A. ethane

B. heptane

CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3

CH3─CH3

Learning Check

The molecule testosterone contains five carbon rings. Answer the following questions about the molecule.

Name each of the cycloalkanes that can be found in this molecule. OH

CH3

CH3

O

Solution

The molecule testosterone contains five carbon rings. Answer the following questions about the molecule.

Name each of the cycloalkanes that can be found in this molecule. OH

CH3

CH3

O

cyclohexanecyclohexane

cyclohexanecyclopentane

Learning Check

Name the following alkanes.

A. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH3

B.

C. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3

D.

Learning Check

Name the following alkanes.

A. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH3

B.

C. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3

D.

butane

cyclobutane

octane

cyclohexane

16Chapter 11, Section 1© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check

Identify each pair of condensed structural formulas as structural isomers or the same molecule. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3CH3 CH CH3

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3CH2H3C

16

A.

B.

C.

17Chapter 11, Section 1© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution

Identify each pair of condensed structural formulas as structural isomers or the same molecule.

17

A.

B.

C.

structural isomers

structural isomers

same molecule

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3CH3 CH CH3

CH3

CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2CH2 CH2 CH3

CH3CH2H3C

What is the alkane name of the following?

Learning Check

18

What is the alkane name of the following?

Step 1 Write the alkane name of the longest chain of carbon atoms.

4 C's = butaneStep 2 Number the carbon atoms starting from the end nearer a substituent.

Solution

19

What is the alkane nameof the following?

Step 3 Give the location and name of each substituent (alphabetical order) as a prefix to the name of the main chain.

2-methylbutane

Solution

20

Learning Check

What is the IUPAC name for the following?

21

Solution

What is the IUPAC name for the following?

Step 1 Write the alkane name of the longest chain of carbon atoms. 5 C's = pentaneStep 2 Number the carbon atoms starting from the end nearer a substituent.

22

Solution

What is the IUPAC name for the following?

Step 3 Give the location and name of each substituent (alphabetical order) as a prefix to the name of the main chain.3-chloro-2-methylpentane

23

Learning Check

Give the IUPAC name for each of the following.

24

Solution

1

2,4-dimethylhexane

2 3 4 5 6

more substituents on C3

7

3,5-dichloro-3-methylheptane6 5 4 3 2 1

25

Learning Check

Draw the condensed structural formula for 3-bromo-1-chlorobutane.

26

Solution

Draw the condensed structural formula for 3-bromo-1-chlorobutane.

Step 1 Draw the main chain of carbon atoms.C─C─C─C

Step 2 Number the chain and place the substituents

on the carbons indicated by the numbers.

27

Solution

Draw the condensed structural formula for 3-bromo-1-chlorobutane.

Step 3 Add the correct number of hydrogen atoms

to give four bonds to each C atom.

28

29Chapter 11, Section 1© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check

Name each of the following:

29

30Chapter 11, Section 1© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Solution

Name each of the following:

methylcyclopropane

3-chloro-1-ethylcyclohexane

30

Write three isomers of C5H12, and name each.

Learning Check

31

A chain of 5 carbon atoms CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─CH3

pentaneA chain of 4 carbon atoms and 1 carbon branch

2-methylbutane

A chain of 3 carbon atoms and 2 carbon branches

2,2-dimethylpropane

Solution

32

Learning Check

For the following pairs of hydrocarbons, which one has

the higher boiling point? Why?1. Butane or octane

2. Hexane or 2,3-dimethylbutane

Solution

For the following pairs of hydrocarbons, which one hasthe higher boiling point? Why?1. Butane or octane Octane (has more carbon atoms) and, therefore, a higher boiling point.

2. Hexane or 2,3-dimethylbutane Both alkanes have the same number of carbon atoms. Hexane is not branched and, therefore, has the higher boiling point.

35Chapter 11, Section 1© 2013 Pearson Education, Inc.

Learning Check

Propane gas is used to provide heat for cooking. Write a balanced equation for the combustion ofpropane.

Solution

Propane gas is used to provide heat for cooking. Write a balanced equation for the combustion ofpropane.

Unbalanced equation:

Balance C:

Balance H:

Balance O:

Write a balanced equation for the reaction for the complete combustion of heptane, C7H16.

Learning Check

Write a balanced equation for the reaction for thecomplete combustion of heptane, C7H16.

Balanced equation:

Solution

Learning CheckClassify each of the following as alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, or amine.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

CH2 CH2 CH3HO

O CH2 CH3H3C

H3C CH2 NH2

H3C C

O

OH

H3C C

O

O CH3

39

Learning CheckClassify each of the following as alcohol, ether, aldehyde, ketone, carboxylic acid, ester, or amine.

A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

CH2 CH2 CH3HO

O CH2 CH3H3C

H3C CH2 NH2

H3C C

O

OH

H3C C

O

O CH3

40

alcohol

ether

amine

carboxylic acid

ester