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d..~1r1A ~-'~..,. ;JIl"l.FEDERALNEGARIT GAZETA

OF THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA

"P't."''-~ 'fDO:"",,.C Iiit\.tl" "Oil 'I'C I~ .,." I;;n~ '.9".

(II.."""*,f ~ t.ljee.tl ""hto"",fee 6TofIt\.h, i'h1111"'(1)"" ~ "'bC (I."" 1I11)4:~ f(l)lI,

11th Year No.1 9ADDIS ABABA 2nd February, 2005

~~ CONTENTS

h'l'~ cfI1'C iif0iillilfji ft.9". Proclamation No. 434/2005

f.,.7f2rAdJo fA~ --laC; A" fp'~ p'C,+C; f"7itt.1f U'7 f(l)lI' Revised Anti-Corruption Special Procedure and Rules ofh'l'~... 12\".ritlr Evidenceproclamation..Page3013

,

A"~ "''''C Iftlf/IilfB

I'~ n~ IJOoMM__~~~- JLU~C}TS'_f'''7ltLJf""7A~

PROCLAMATION NO. 434/2005

THE REVISED PROCLAMATION TO PROVIDE FORSPECIAL PROCEDURE AND RULES OF EVIDENCE

ON ANTI-CORRUPTION

'OO-i8'i dJ11:A TC1-,.., T rhi8 ~~ T'i r"7i8~;r~'),;J1."'f'} hdJ11:A U1- ~C a"'fl'fl'OD ODAtJ. "77i7iA'iOD~,}'"7 a"7i8LA1-T

WHEREAS,. it has become necessary to amend andregulate the definition of corruption, the procedural andevidential provisions related with the investigation andprosecution of corruption offences in accordance with thepenal code;

aoo-i8'i dJ'}1:A "'mC.,. ~m- r.,. .f"" dJ~'" r.,.h......."',,'f a'Pi8T'i i8AotA.,.."aT tJ.~;t- 1IC1IC .(-,}~1. WHEREAS,; it has become necessary to regulate011 ~ '}'"7 a"7i8LA 1-T on the right to bail of persons arrested for or accused of

corruption offences;

aoo-i8'i dJ'}1:A r"'m~m~ ",,,'f"J 1-a~T i8AlII/,.(-TltA"7i8"'1f~C'i i8AODm-~i8 r"'ODAh-l:T1 '(-1~1."'f WHEREAS, it has become necessary to amend the"7ififA a"7i8Lt\ 1- T provisionson restraining,administeringand confiscation

of properties of persons accused of corruption offences;

,,,~ oo-i8'i Att i8.,i8CAT'i r"7i8~;r U"7 '(-1~1."'f1hl\.Ao'f U1'f ~C a"'fllfl'OD 1J.~;t- "7i8.,.tJhA'i lII/7i7iA WHEREAS, it has become necessary to amend anda"7i8LA1-T revise the provisions of the Anti-Corruption Special

Procedure and Rules of Evidence Proclamation inconformity with other laws;

aIi.Tr-A-.f 4f...P..~"'e If.'fPh~"".f'e ~T-aA.h U,OD,}"7ltT A,)+~ !ll;/il OD"'~T rOth.,.Am- ;t-m-i!J;A:: NOW, THEREFORE, in accordance with article 55(1)

of the Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic ofEthiopia, it is hereby proclaimed as follows:

-

"If. ";J 6.40 '-Unit Price~;J~"" ;JrI.", 7',"'.'" l' it IiNegarit G.P.O.Box 80001

..

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3014

Section OneGeneral

1. Short Title

This Proclamation may be cited as the" RevisedAnti-Corruption Special Procedure and Rules ofEvidence~ro.cJamatiqn no.434/2005.

2. Definitions

Inthis Proclamation:

.11 "QoITtlptionoffences" means corruption offencesprovided in the FDRE penal code.

2/ "Property acquired by the commission ofcorruption offence" means any property whichthe offender owns or possesses directly orindirectly as a result of the. commission of thecorruption offence, and includes any suchproperty or money which has been donateddirectly or indirectly by the offender, put undersomeone's custody or hjdden somewhere;

3/ "Appropriate Organ" means an organ which isempowered to investigate and/or prosecutecorruption offences;

4/ "Restraining order" means an order whichprohibits the offender ftom dealing with certainproperty and includes the right to transfer, useand destroy the property in any manner;

5/ "Person" means any natural or juridical person.

3. Scope of Application of the Proclamation

This Proclamation shall be applicable to corruptioncases falling under the Federal and Regionaljurisdictions.

.

Section TwoBail and Jurisdiction

!i. Ooo-la'i (iJ,l.A +mCIJ>GtD- {}t\+.f...oPJ:f RcPta.}-'if't7IJL:!"T t71J-n-1- 4. The Right to Bail of Arrested Persons on

Corruption Offences.(il Ooo-laCi tD,lA V+.fH oaJ- Olff) "'~/\.,.:,. /\If:C1:

0.+ aI/ODAh"" .e:f'\A:: trll9" V+hooO.}- tD,lAhhlaC hoo.}- O'\.e l\..fla.,.n, vot:fA htr~ Olff).}-CiovA"':" h.e~A9"::

1/ An arrested person for a corruption offence mayapply to court to be released on bail. Anarrested person charged with a corruptionoffence punishable for more than 10 years maynot be released on bail.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta---No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3015

21 The investigator may release, on bail, with orwithout surety, a person..arrested for corruptionoffenses where;

a) it is doubtful that the offence complained ofhas been committed, or

b) it is doubtful that the arrested person hascommitted the offence. complained of, or

cl the offence for which the person arrested isnot punishable with riggrousimprisonment.

31 An arrested person who is not released accordingto sub article 2 of this Article may apply tocourt to be released on bail.

41 Without prejudice to the provision in sub article1 of this Article, the court may not allow anapplication to be released on bail of the accusedor the suspect as per sub-article 3 of this article,where;

a) the suspect or the accused, if released onbail, is likely to abscond

b) the suspect or the accused, if released onbail, is likely to tamper with evidence orcommit other offences.

~. f""""£~ODM~~_~_~hl\h~LlL"1Jt'raJo~U._~~-1kt-"t..<tC_-fL~-'7f}~ 5. Right of Appeal

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11 Anyone aggrieved by the decision of the lowercourt on the issue of bail has the right of appealin accordance of Article 4.

21 Where an appeal is taken objecting the decisiongranting bailor the amount of bail, the decisionof the lower court shall stay ITom beingexecuted.

31 Where the court decides to release the suspect orthe accused on bail, it shall state in its decisionthat the suspect or the accused be released uponcompletion of the necessary formalities withinsuch reasonable time as it deems necessaryunless the investigator or prosecutor producesevidence showing it has lodged an appealagainst it in the appellate court.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 200 Febl1\ary, 2005 Page 3016

6. Injunction on the Right of Movement

Where the suspect is released on bail, the court mayorder the following cautionary measuresalternatively or cumulatively as per Article 4 or 5;

a) restrict the movement of the suspect in alimited region or place;

b) prohibit the suspect from reaching placeswhere he might tamper with evidence;

c) instruct the suspect to report to the relevantauthority within a prescribed time;

d) prohibit the suspect from going abroad.

7. Jurisdiction

1/ The Federal High Court shall have first instancejurisdiction over corruption offences fallingunder the Jurisdiction of the FederalGovernment other than those cases for whichthe Federal Supreme Court has first instancejurisdiction in accordance with the relevant law.

2/ A Regional High Court shall have first instancejurisdiction over corruption' offences fallingunder the jurisdiction of the RegionalGovernment other than those cases for which

, the Regional Supreme Court has first instancejurisdiction in accordance with the relevant law.

3/ Corruption offences committed in connectionwith the Addis Ababa or Dire Dawaadministration shall be that of the appropriateFederal court as the case may be.

4/ Matters related with arrest, search, remand, bail,restraining order or any other related matterwith investigation of corruption offences shallbe made to the court which has jurisdiction tohear cases of corruption offences.

Section ThreeRestraining

8. Principle

1/ Without prejudice to article 10 of thisProclamation, a court may issue a restraining

"order against any property acquired by the

t commission of corruption offence.

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.Page 3017

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2/ An investigator or a prosecutor may, supportedby an affidavit, apply to the court for arestraining order against any property acquiredby the commission of corruption offence,

3/ An application for a restraining order may bemade before or after the institution of acriminal proceeding.

9. Conditions for Restraining Other Properties

1/ Notwithstanding that there is no evidence thatthe property is acquired as a result of thecorruption offence, where an investigator orprosecutor made an application for a restrainingorder supported by an affidavit indicating thatthe suspect is enriched or others suffered as aresult of the corruption offence beinginvestigated or charged, the court may give arestraining order prohibiting the sale,assignment and/or transfer of any moneydeposited in any bank in the name of thesuspect or any other property of the suspectproportionate to the amount of enrichment bythe suspect or injury suffered by others.

2/ Unless it is impossible to execute, the restrainingorder given according to sub article I of thisArticle may not affect the right to use of thesuspect.

Property not Subjected to Restraining Order

Properties that are necessary for the accused to earnhis livelihood may not be subject to restrainingorder. It shall, in particular, include the following:

1/ The necessary wearing-apparel, cooking vessels,bed and bedding of the suspect/accused and hisfamily; .

2/ Such amount of money or property as may, inthe opinion of the court, be necessary for theaccused and his family for a period of threemonths.

3/ Simple tools and instruments or implementsused by the accused in his profession, art ortrade,

4/ Where the accused and his family do not haveproperty other than the restrained property as asource of income, such amount of money, inthe opinion of the court, necessary to providefor their necessities.

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, ,Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3018

1/ An application for a restraining order, supportedby an affidavit, shaHcontain:

a) the facts of the case and the measures thathave been taken; where a criminalproceeding has not been instituted, aninformation about the status of the case;

b) indicating information which shows that theproperty against which a restraining orderis requested is acquired by the commissionof corruption offence or the suspect isunlawfuHyenriched or damage ensued as aresult of the commission of tl)e corruptionoffence;

c) detail description of the properties and theirlocation.

21 Any application that supports the request for arestraining order shaH be stated in detail in theaffidavit in a complete and precise manner.

31 Where the situation requires the issuance of anadditional restraining order, the investigator orthe prosecutor may apply to the court.

12. Issuing of Restraining Order

1/ Without prejudice to article 10 of thisProclamation; the court may, after havingexamined the application and the document,issue a restraining order where it is convincedor issuing such order.

2/ Where a restraining order is issued ex parte, theinvestigator or the prosecutor shaHserve copiesof the order and the affidavit on the defendantor on any other person specified in the order.He shaH also notify any person affected by theorder.

.

3/ Unless the court decides otherwise, a restrainingorder issued ex parte shaHbe effective.

13. Appointment of Receiver

With respect to the custody of the property againstwhich a restraining order is issued, the provisions ofArticles 17 to 21 of this Proclamation shaHapply.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19./

2nd February,2005 Page 3019

1/ The appropriate organ;

a) shall follow up that the receiver is properlyadministering the property.

b) may report to court with tangible reasonswhere it has reasonable ground to believethat the receiver is not administering theproperty properly.

2/ The court may give an order as it thinks fit onthe report submitted by the appropriate organ.

15. Termination of Restraining Order

1/ The restraining order shall be terminated wherea confiscation order is issued.

2/ Where the case is withdrawn or the defendant isacquitted or is not found guilty, the accusedmay apply to the court for the termination ofthe restraining order.

3/ Where an application for the termination of therestraining order is submitted according to subarticle 2 of this Article, the court shall notifythe prosecutor to submit its opinion. Afterreviewing the opinion submitted by theprosecutor, the court may give an order that therestraining order will terminate or stay in force.

16. Withdrawal or Amendment of a RestrainingOrder

1/ Any person who has been served or notifiedabout the restraint order may apply to the courtforwithdrawalor amendmentofthe order. .

2/ Where the court accepts the application and theevidence submitted in accordance with sub-article (1) of this Article, it shall serve same onthe prosecutor.

3/ Where the court believes that the application forthe withdrawal or amendment is based onreasonable grounds, it may amend or allow thewithdrawal of the order.

4/ The court may assign experts in order to reach adecision under sub article 3 of this Article,

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3020

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Subsection OneAppointment of Receivers

17. Condition for Appointment of Receiver

1/ Where it appears to the court to be just andconvenient, it may, with respect to the propertyon which a restraining order is issued,

a) appoint a receiver of the property;

b) remove any person from the possession orcustody of the property;

c) commit the same to the possession, custodyor management of the receiver;

d) confer upon the receiver the power forpreservation, management andimprovement of the property.

2/ The court may confer upon the receiver all suchpowers, as to bringing and defending suits, andfor the collection of the rents, profits and anyother income thereof, the investment anddisposal of such rents, profits, or income, foruseful purposes, or such other powers as thecourt thinks fit.

3/ Upon issuing an order in accordance with Sub-Article (I) and (2) of this article, the court shallhave regard to the amount of the probable costsof his appointment and may, before making theappointment, direct such inquiries on these orother matters to be made as it thinks fit.

4/ If the person to be appointed as a receiverpursuant" to Sub-Article I(a) of this article is anatural person, such person shall be of goodcharacter, with integrity and who has no bondof relationship by consanguinity or affinity orconflict of interest.

5/ If a person to be appointed as a receiver pursuantto Sub-Article I (a) of this article is a juridicalperson, it has to be verified that its financialaccount for the last three years is clean andthere is no conflict of interest.

1ft' r"li.fii J..'-6-A. ~;J~+ ;JJt.iII 4rTC Iji TC f~ +1 Ijifj1 'U". Federal Negarit Gazeta---No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3021

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6/ To appoint a receiver under this article, theinvestigator, the prosecutor, or the accused maypresent candidates. The court, by hearing theopinion of the other party, as the case may be,appoints the appropriate one.

18. Remuneration of the Receiver

The court may, by general or special order, fix theamount to be paid as remuneration from therestrained property for the services of the receiver.

19. Transfer of Property

The court may fix the amount to be paid and themanner of payment to cover the expense for thetransfer of the property to the receiver from therestrained property.

20. Duties of the Receiver

Any receiver appointed under article 17 shall havethe following duties:

1/ Furnish such security to account for what heshall receive in respect of the property;

2/ Submit his accounts as such periods and in suchform as the court directs;

3/ Pay the amount due from him as the courtdirects; and

4/ Be responsible for any loss occasioned to theproperty by his gross negligence or willfuldefault.

21. Enforcement of Receiver's Duties

1/ Where a receiver causes damage to or loss of theproperty by his gross negligence orintentionally, the court may order him to paythe amount due.

2/ If the receiver fails to observe the order of thecourt, the court may direct his property to beattached and sold and may apply the proceedsto make good any amount found to be due fromhim or any loss occasioned by him, and shallpay the balance, if any, to the receiver.

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Sub-Section TwoAffixing of Seals and Making of Inventories.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3022

22. Principle

1I Where it is necessary to affix seals on theproperty on which a restraint order is issued,the following provisions of this sub-sectionshall apply.

21 Unless the court decides otherwise, no personmay remove or open the seal. Any interestedperson may apply for the removal of the seal.

23. Application for Affixing of Seals

1/ An application for affixing of seals may bemade to the court by the prosecutor uponsatis1)ting the court by affidavit or otherwisethat the property should be preserved.

21 An order for the affixing of seals may be madeat any stage of the proceedings by the court ofits own motion or on application,

31 On making an order for the affixing of seals,the court shall appoint such person (hereinafterreferred to as the "official sealer") as it thinksfit to carry out such order.

24. Record

1I The official sealer after having affixed seals inaccordance with the order of the court, shallprepare a dated and signed record showing;

a)the order of the court and the date therefor;

b) a list of the property to which seals havebeen affixed and the place where suchproperty is to be found;

c) a list of the articles to be sealed whichcannot be found; and

d) the name and address of the caretaker, ifany, in charge of the premises where thesealing has taken place.

11'i r.1i.$r. A..y'".A, ~:Jt:" .?lLfll "''I'C Iii 'l'C ~l; +1 Iii~j~ 'U", Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3023

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2/ The official sealer shall hand over to theregistrar of the court all the keys of the locks hehas sealed.

25. No Seals to be Affixed on Certain Property

1/ No seals shall be affixed to the followingproperty;

a) perishable goods;

b) any property to which the affixing of sealsmight cause deterioration;

c) any property required for the use of a partyto the suit specially exempted from sealingby the court.

2/ Details of property on which the court hasordered not to affix a seal, in accordance withSub-Article I(c) hereof, shall be submitted tothe court by the sealer.

3/ The court may order goods indicated in Sub-Article l(a) to be sold by auction and have itdeposited.

26. Wills and Other Documents

1/ Where the official sealer finds wills, sealedpapers or other documents, he shall make a listof such papers and shall place them in a sealedbundle and forward such list to the court forinstructions.

2/ The court shall make such order for the custodysuch documents as it thinks fit.

27. Removal of Seals

1/ Where an application for the removal of seals ismade or where the court finds it necessary toremove such seals, all interested parties shall beinformed of the day when the order will bemade; an<;iif they appear, they may be heard.

2/ When an order for the removal of seals has beenmade by the court, the official sealer shallremove the seals and shall make a dated andsigned report to the court giving particulars ofall property which he has unsealed.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3024

28. Making of Inventory

II The court may, where it thinks necessary toprepare an inventory of property, appoint aperson (hereinafter referred to as the "officialrecorder") to carry out the inventory and submitrecord.

2/ The official recorder shall, in the presence of notless than two independent witnesses, prepare aninventory of the property specified in the orderof the court, containing

a) a reference to the order of the court; and

b) an accurate description of each articleentered in the inventory and the estimatedvalue thereof.

3/ Where the court so orders, the estimation ofvalue shall be made by an expert, appointedunder article 131 of the Civil Procedure Code,whose report, dated and signed, shall beattached as an annex to the official recorder'sreport.

4/ The report of the official recorder, dated andsigned, shall be forwarded to the court and,after being registered by the registrar of thecourt in a special inventory register, shall formpart of the record of the case.

Section FourConfiscation Procedure

29. Confiscation of Property

The court shall issue a confiscation orderproportionate to the property acquired by thecorruption offence, where the accused is foundguilty .

30. Postponement of Confiscation

11 Where the court. considers that it requiresadditional information to determine whether thedefendant has benefited from any criminalconduct or the amount to be recovered, it maypostpone the determination for a period notexceeding six months from the date ofconviction.

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Federal Negarit Gazeta---~No. 19 2nd February, 2005 Page 3025

2/ A postponement may be made in accordancewith sub-article (1) of this article on applicationby the prosecutor or by the court of its ownmotion.

31. Application for Confiscation of Property

1/ Where confiscation of property is not ordered bythe court, it may' :be entertained by theapplication ofthe prosecutor.

2/ An applica.tionforconfiscation of property maybe made after conviction.

32. Informing the Relevant Person

Where the property acquired by corruption offenceis a property of a pu~lic office or public enterpriseor any other person, the appropriate organ shallinform such person to sue for the recovery of theproperty. The appropriate organ shall follow up thecivil suit instituted by the public office or the publicenterprise.

33. Standard of Proof

The standard of proof required to determine any questionarising as to whether a person has benefited ITomcriminal conduct, or the amount to be recovered shall bethat applicable in civil pro,ceedings,

Property or Benefit to be Recovered and theManner of Recovering

II The defendant shall return the property acquiredby the commission of the crime and the benefitderived ITom the property acquired by thecommission of the crime.

2/ The amount of benefit to be returned accordingto sub-article 1 of this artiCle shall not exceedthe benefit or the amount that might be realized.

3/ The manner in which property confiscated bycourt mder shall be transferred totnegovernment shall be subject to Regulations tobe iss4ed.

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Section FivePreparatory Hearing

35. Principle

Where it appears to a court that a charge ofcorruption offence reveals a case of suchcomplexity and as a result of which the trial is likelyto be of such length, and where the purposesmentioned in Article 36 herein under is going to belikely fulfilled, it may order a preparatory hearingshall be held.

.'

36. Purpose and Proceedings of Preparatory Hearing

1/ The purpose of the preparatory hearing are thefollowing:

a) to identify issues which are likely to bematerial to the case;

b) to assist the parties in comprehending theissues;

c) to facilitate the proceedings;

d) to assist the court in the management of thetrial.

2/ In the proceeding of a preparatory hearing, thecourts~all make ruling with respect to:

a) any question as to the admissibility ofevidence;

b) any question of law which is foundnecessary to give ruling before the trialstarts.

37. Obligation of the Prosecutor

The court may order the prosecutor;

1/ To give the court and the accused a writtenstatement of the matters falling under article 38of this proclamation;

2/ To prepare the prosecution evidence and anyexplanatory material in such a form as appearsto the court to be likely to assist the proceedingand submit same to the court and the accused;

3/ To give to the court and the accused a writtennotice of documents the truth of the contents ofwhich ought in the prosecutor's view to beadmitted and of any other matters which in hisview ought to be agreed;

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4/ To make any amendments of any writtenstatement given pursuant to sub-article (l) ofthis article that appear to be appropriate, havingregard to objections made by the accused.

38. Written Statement of the Prosecutor

The written statement to be submitted in accordancewith Sub-Article 1 of Article 37 shall contain thefollowing:

1/ the principal facts of the case for the prosecution;

2/ unless it is deemed necessary to keep secret theidentity of the witnesses upon the application ofthe prosecutor and court authorization,' thewitness who will speak to those facts;

3/ any exhibits and documentary evidence relevantto those facts;

4/ any provision of the law on which theprosecutor propose to rely;

5/ any matter falling within proceeding sub-articles or that appear to the prosecutor to flowftom same.

39. Obligation of the Accused

Where the prosecutor has complied with the order of thecourt, the court may order the accused:

1/ to give the court and the prosecutor a writtenstatement setting out in general terms the natureof his defense and indicating the principalmatters on which he takes issues withprosecution.

2/ to give to the court and the prosecutor a writtennotice of any objections that he has to the casestatement;

3/ to give the court and the prosecutor a writtennotice of any point of law and the admissibilityof evidence which he relies on;

4/ to give to the court and the prosecutor a writtennotice stating the extent to which he agreeswith the prosecutor relating to documents andother matters referred to in Sub-Article 3 ofArticle 37.

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An appeal may lie against the decision given inaccordance with sub article 2 of Article 36 of thisProclamation. The court may continue a preparatoryhearing notwithstanding such appeal.

41. Conditions to Initiate a New Charge

A closing of the file at the preliminary hearing as aresult of inadmissibility of evidence may not be abar to institute a new charge on the same matterafter gathering other evidences.

Section FiveRules of Evidence

42. Request for Evidence

1/ An investigator or a prosecutor may apply tothe court to obtain or gain access to relevantmaterial, from any person other than thesuspect, in order to establish whether thesuspect has benefited from criminal conduct orto get evidence regarding the amount ofbenefits or its whereaboutsl .

2/ If the court is satisfied, it may, without requiringthe appearance of the person concerned, orderthe person who is in possession or who appearsto be in possession of the material, to produce itto an investigator or prosecutor or give accessto same or order the appearance of the personconcerned before the court within the perioddetermined by it.

3/ The court may order a third party to hand overto the investigator or to the prosecutor anyevidence under his possession or to allowaccess to inspect same.

43. Immunity from Prosecution

1/ Any person who has been involved in corruptionoffence and who, before the case is taken to thecourt, provides substantial evidence as to theoffence and the role of his partners, may begiven immunity by the Commissioner of theFederal Ethics and Anti-CorruptionCommission or the Head of the AppropriateOrgan.

2/ For the purpose of this Article "SubstantialEvidence" means evidence;

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Federal Negarit Gazeta No. ] 9 2nd February, 2005 . Page 3029

a) sufficient to bring conviction, or

b) that serves as a basis to lead to otherevidences, or

c) corroborating other evidences, sufficient tobring conviction and in its absence,conviction is unlikely.

31 Where the suspect is given immunity, theappropriate organ shall certifY it in writing. Theappropriate organ may not use the evidenceacquired in accordance with this Article againstthe suspect.

41 Where the suspect fails to provide the evidenceor give testimony according to the agreement,the decision to give immunity shall be revoked.

51 The testimony of the person who has been givenimmunity from prosecution shall have equalweight as the testimony of ordinary witness.

61 Any person who is given immunity accordingto this Article shall, however, be made to returnthe benefits he derives therefrom.

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1/ The court may allow the party who called thewitness to raise leading questions to aprosecution or defense witness who, beingunwilling to tell the truth, has given a statementcontradictory from his previous statement.

21 The court shall, before allowing the leadingquestion, ask the witness whether he has givencontradictory statement or not. If he admits, theleading question shall be allowed.

31 The court shall decide whether or not the witnesshas given a contradictory statement where thewitness denies that he has given contradictorystatement.

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,"2ndFebruary.2005- Page 3030

,Federal Negarit Gazeta-No. 19

45. Document produced by a Computer

A statement in a document produced by a computermay not be admissible as evidence of any fact statedif it is shown that:

1/ There are reasonable grounds for believing thatthe statement is inaccurate because of improperuse of the computer: and

2/ At all material times, the computer was notoperating properly, or while the computer wasnot operating or was out of operation, was suchas to affect the production of document or theaccuracy of its contents.

46. Interception of Correspondence and Letters

1/ Where it is necessary for the investigation ofcorruption offence, head of the appropriateorgan may order the interception of corres-pondence by telephone, telecommunicationsand electronic devices as well as by postalletters.

2/ Where it is necessary, evidence gathered throughvideo camera, sound recorder, and similarelectronic devices may be produced asevidence.

3/ An order given in accordance with sub-article(1) of this Article shall indicate the offencewhich gives rise to the interception, and theduration of the interception, and, if it is atelephone or telecommunication, the link to beintercepted. Unless.. decides otherwise, the duration of theinterception may not exceed four months.

47. Recording

1/ The organ which implements the order forrecording of correspondence shall draft anofficial record of each interception and the timethe recording operation takes.

2/ The organ to which the order is given shalltranscribe and present to appropriate organ thecorrespondence that is useful for the discoveryof the truth.

'11 rltl!Ji ~y't,.A ~,?6"'" .?/f,"l "''I'C Xii 'l'C fl; +, X;;!j1 'UD. Federal Negarit Gazeta No. 19 2nd February. 2005 Page 303 J

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/ / "'- -

Section SevenProtection of Whistle-blowers

48. Objectives

The objectives of the protection are:

1/ To encourage the disclosure of corruptionoffences;

2/ To give appropriate consideration to the rightsand interests of the person who made thedisclosure.

49. Making of Disclosure

1/ A disclosure of corruption offence may be madewith or without the name of the person whomakes the disclosure.

2/ If a disclosure is properly made to the appropriateorgan, the disclosure shall be deemed to havebeen received by such organ,

50. Exemption. from LiabilityAny person who has an obligation to maintainconfidentiality under a law, oath or an agreement,the disclosure of such evidenc~ to the appropriateorgan shall not be considered as a violation of law,oath or agreement.

51. Organ Receiving Information

1/ The appropriate organ has an obligation toreceive any disclosure made by any personabout corruption offence.

-2/ The appropriate organ to which the disclosure is

made shall keep record about it.

3/ The appropriate organ shall, with respect to thedisclosure, have the responsibility:

a) To submit report to the organ to which it isaccountable;

b) To give the necessary. information to theperson who made the disclosure.

4/ No information may be given in accordancewith Sub-Article 3(b) of this Article, if theinformation would be likely to adversely affectany body's safety or the investigation of anoffence.

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52. Particulars to be Entered in the Record!II. O~1rMLJ}A"tM;S., ,..v-T

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/ /'"

Federal Negarit Gazeta-No. 19 2nGFebruary,2005- Page 303:

The appropriate organ shall, with respect todisclosure received by it, keep a record that includesthe following particulars:

a) the name of the person making thedisclosure, if known;

b) the information disclosed; and

c) any action taken with respect to thedisclosure.

53. \ Illegality of Reprisal

1/ Any reprisal taken against a whistle-blower orwitness for making or attempting to make adisclosure or a testimony shall be illegal.

21 Every government office shall establish aprocedure to protect its employees fromreprisal.

54. Suspension of Reprisal Measure

II Where the person against whom a reprisalmeasure has been taken is an employee, he mayapply to the court or to any appropriate organfor a suspension.

21 Where the court or the appropriate organ whichhas received the application in accordance withsub-article (1) of this Article has ascertained theexistence of a reprisal measure; it shall giveforthwith a provisional ruling to suspend suchmeasure.

31 Where the appropriate organ instituted acriminal charge against the person who hastaken a reprisal measure, the suspension ordershall remain in force until the case is disposed.

41 Any party aggrieved by the injunction order mayapply to court. Until the court disposes thecase, the suspension shall remain in force.

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Federal N'tgarit Gazeta--No. 19 2114 Febroary, 2005 4;-,--- Page 3033

Section EightMiscellaneous Provisions

55. Applicable Laws

The criminal procedure code, the civil procedure,code,...thep,enal code .and.any ptheJ'. relevant lawsshall be applicable in so far as they are ,consistentwith thi,s,prq<!lat'J1~tjon.

56. Penalty

II A defendant or any person against whom arestraint order is issued and refuses to complywith such restraint order shall be punished withimprisonment not exceeding 2 years and with afine not exceeding birr 10,000 for contempt ofcourt.

21 Unless a higher penalty is provided for in thePenal law; a person who intentionally removesor opens a seal, or does damage or occasions aloss to the property violating the provisions ofArticle 21(l) and 22(2) of this Proclamationshall be punished with imprisonment notexceeding 3 years and a fine not exceeding20,000 birr.

57. Transitory Provisionf 1t.+f-*' .f ~.'-'u6-'I'C .'-'u'P'h6-(a..f'C 6T 111\.h

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II hn.u "'P~ ;lC f°?,'+(.'" "7'1':fm-1}"I\.""~ Ch"'~OllU "'P~ m-fa1' O.,.i'iL.,. 1-~f-~ 'I~.,.L"o?,,,+ ,,~q>6-:fm-I}"::

1/ Until the coming into force of the 2004 FDRECriminal Code, the meaning of corruptionoffence shall be as provided in Proclamationno. 236/2001.

21 Unless otherwise proved, where the materialelements of a corruption offence is proved, themental element is presumed to exist.

58. Repealed and Inapplicable Laws

1/ Proclamation no. 236/2001 is hereby repealed.

21 An laws which are inconsistent with thisproclamation shan not apply on matterscovered under this proclamation.

1A' rn.. u.~ );1"+ ."Jt&.'".1'C lIt 1'C Iii +, !Uf'B 't.". FederalNegaritGazeta--No. 19 2nd February,2005- Page 3034

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~U 1."~ h'l'c III +, !lif'J~ ...,.. ;P:,.r.- rlK'~.,r;A::

59. Effective Date

This proclamation shall come in to force as ofthe 2ndFebruary, 2005.

Done at Addis Ababa this day of 2ndFebruary, 2005

1."''' I.ftfI1'C 16 ., !1f21 ..,..

.,C., .A~1."C1."'1\.+""'" ~'-,,"~1! """"~"'1! &TofIA"h

T~"''''+

GIRMA WOLDEGIORGIS. PRESIDENT Of' THE FEDERALDEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA