ProceduresCh 9 Urinary System
Diagnostic Procedures• Catheterization
– The insertion of a sterile catheter through the urethra and into the urinary bladder
– Most commonly performed to withdraw urine, relieve urinary retention pressures, or prevent incontinence during surgical procedures
– May also be used to place fluid, such as a chemotherapy solution, into the bladder
Diagnostic Procedures• Cystoscopy – also known as cysto
– Visual examination of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope
Diagnostic Procedures• Intravenous pyelogram• KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder) is a radiographic
study of these structures without the use of a contrast medium. Also referred to as a flat-plate of the abdomen
• Intravenous urography• Excretory urography• Retrograde urography
Diagnostic Procedures• Cystography • Voiding cystourethrography • Urinalysis
– Used to test for • Blood• Protein• Sugars• Drugs• Toxins
Treatment Procedures• Medications
– Diuretics • Medications administered to increase urine
secretion to rid the body of excess sodium and water
Treatment Procedures• Dialysis – a procedure to remove waste products
from the blood of patients whose kidneys no longer function. – Two types of dialysis
• Hemodialysis – blood is filtered directly through a machine
• Peritoneal dialysis – the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood
Treatment Procedures• Kidneys
– Kidney transplant– Nephrolysis– Nephrostomy – Pyeloplasty– Pyelotomy – Nephropexy
• The surgical fixation of a floating kidney
Treatment Procedures• Kidneys cont.
– Removal of kidney stones• Lithotripsy
– The destruction of a kidney stone with the use of ultrasonic waves traveling through water
– Also known as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy or ESWL
– http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Yl8Qy79aLk0
• Nephrolithotomy– Surgical removal of a kidney stone through an
incision in the kidney
Treatment Procedures• Ureters
– Ureterectomy– Ureteroplasty– Ureterorrhaphy
Treatment Procedures• Urinary Bladder
– Cystectomy– Cystopexy
• Surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
– Cystorrhaphy – Lithotomy– Suprapubic catheter
Treatment Procedures• Urethra
– Meatotomy – Urethropexy– Urethroplasy
• Surgical repair of the urethra• http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=playe
r_detailpage&v=nxajZ50Mqow– Urethrostomy– Urethrotomy