American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 1031-1042, 1987 Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature ERNEST H. NICKEL * Division of Minerals and Geochemistry, CSIRO, Private Bag, P.O., Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia JOSEPH A. MANDARINO** Department of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada CRITERIA FOR A NEW MINERAL NAME A mineral is a generally accepted as being a crystalline substance that has defined compositional limits and that has been formed as the result of geologic processes. The essential components in the definition of a mineral are its chemical composition and its crystallographic prop- erties. If a mineral is found whose composition and/or crystallographic properties are substantially different from * Vice-chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and those of any existing mineral, a new name, if needed, Mineral Names. must be proposed to the CNMMN. It is probably not ** Chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and Min- desirable to formulate rigid rules to define whether or not eral Names. a compositional or crystallographic difference is suffi- 1031 INTRODUCTION The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names (hereafter abbreviated as CNMMN) of the International Mineralogical Association was established in 1959 for the purpose of controlling mineral nomenclature. All pro- posals for introducing new minerals, changing mineral- ogical nomenclature, and discrediting or redefining exist- ing minerals and mineral names should be submitted to the CNMMN for approval before publication. If approv- al is withheld, the proposal should not be published. This report incorporates material from previous re- ports on mineral nomenclature and procedures of the CNMMN (Fleischer, 1970; Donnay and Fleischer, 1970; Embrey and Hey, 1970; Hey and Gottardi, 1980; Man- darino et aI., 1984) and represents an attempt to consol- idate this information and to present a comprehensive summary of the subject. Where there are differences be- tween this report and the earlier ones, this version is to be regarded as the correct one. SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL 1. If the proposal deals with a new mineral, it should be sent directly to the chairman of the CNMMN. In countries that require a prior review by their national committee, the proposal should first be submitted to the national committee and subsequently to the CNMMN. 2. Any proposal to redefine or discredit an existing mineral or mineral name, or to revalidate an obsolete name, must be submitted to the vice-chairman of the CNMMN, with a copy to the chairman. 3. If the proposal deals with a mineral group, it should be sent to the secretary of the CNMMN, with a copy to the chairman (the current secretary is Dr. C.E.S. Arps, National Museum of Geology and Mineralogy, Hoog- landse Kerkgracht 17, 2312 HS Leiden, Netherlands). NATURE OF THE PROPOSAL A proposal should include as many data as possible so that the CNMMN can adequately judge the validity of the proposal. Ideally, a new-mineral proposal should con- tain the following information: 0003--004X/87 /0910-1031 $02.00 Proposed name and reason for its selection. Description of the occurrence. Geographic and geologic occurrence, paragenesis, and a list of associated minerals, particularly those in apparent equilibrium with the new mineral. Chemical composition and method of analysis. Chemical formula. Empirical and simplified. Crystallography. Crystal system, crystal class, space group, unit-cell parameters, unit-cell volume, number of formula units per unit cell, X-ray powder data, mor- phology, and crystal structure. General appearance and physical properties. Grain or crystal size, type of aggregate, color, streak, luster, trans- parency, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, parting, fracture, density (calculated and measured). Optical properties. Nonmetallic minerals: optical char- acter (isotropic or anisotropic; uniaxial or biaxial), optical sign, indices of refraction, 2 v: dispersion, orientation, pleochroism, and absorption. Metallic minerals: color in reflected light, internal reflections, anisotropy, bireflec- tance, pleochroism, and reflectivity. Type material. Museum where it is deposited. Relationship to other species. Any other data that will clarify difficult parts of the description. It is recognized that it may not always be possible to obtain all the above data; in such cases the author should give reasons for the omissions. To assist potential authors of new-mineral proposals, a checklist should be submit- ted as part of the proposal. Copies of an official checklist can be obtained from the chairman of the CNMMN or from one of the national representatives. Guidelines on some aspects of mineral proposals are given below.
Transcript
American Mineralogist, Volume 72, pages 1031-1042, 1987
Procedures involving the IMA Commission on New Minerals andMineral Names and guidelines on mineral nomenclature
ERNEST H. NICKEL *Division of Minerals and Geochemistry, CSIRO, Private Bag, P.O., Wembley, Western Australia 6014, Australia
JOSEPH A. MANDARINO**Department of Mineralogy and Geology, Royal Ontario Museum, 100 Queen's Park, Toronto, Ontario M5S 2C6, Canada
CRITERIA FOR A NEW MINERAL NAME
A mineral is a generally accepted as being a crystallinesubstance that has defined compositional limits and thathas been formed as the result of geologic processes. Theessential components in the definition of a mineral areits chemical composition and its crystallographic prop-erties. If a mineral is found whose composition and/orcrystallographic properties are substantially different from
* Vice-chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals andthose of any existing mineral, a new name, if needed,
Mineral Names. must be proposed to the CNMMN. It is probably not
**Chairman, IMA Commission on New Minerals and Min- desirable to formulate rigid rules to define whether or noteral Names. a compositional or crystallographic difference is suffi-
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INTRODUCTION
The Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names(hereafter abbreviated as CNMMN) of the InternationalMineralogical Association was established in 1959 for thepurpose of controlling mineral nomenclature. All pro-posals for introducing new minerals, changing mineral-ogical nomenclature, and discrediting or redefining exist-ing minerals and mineral names should be submitted tothe CNMMN for approval before publication. If approv-al is withheld, the proposal should not be published.
This report incorporates material from previous re-ports on mineral nomenclature and procedures of theCNMMN (Fleischer, 1970; Donnay and Fleischer, 1970;Embrey and Hey, 1970; Hey and Gottardi, 1980; Man-darino et aI., 1984) and represents an attempt to consol-idate this information and to present a comprehensivesummary of the subject. Where there are differences be-tween this report and the earlier ones, this version is tobe regarded as the correct one.
SUBMISSION OF PROPOSAL
1. If the proposal deals with a new mineral, it shouldbe sent directly to the chairman of the CNMMN. Incountries that require a prior review by their nationalcommittee, the proposal should first be submitted to thenational committee and subsequently to the CNMMN.
2. Any proposal to redefine or discredit an existingmineral or mineral name, or to revalidate an obsoletename, must be submitted to the vice-chairman of theCNMMN, with a copy to the chairman.
3. If the proposal deals with a mineral group, it shouldbe sent to the secretary of the CNMMN, with a copy tothe chairman (the current secretary is Dr. C.E.S. Arps,National Museum of Geology and Mineralogy, Hoog-landse Kerkgracht 17, 2312 HS Leiden, Netherlands).
NATURE OF THE PROPOSAL
A proposal should include as many data as possible sothat the CNMMN can adequately judge the validity ofthe proposal. Ideally, a new-mineral proposal should con-tain the following information:
0003--004X/87 /0910-1031 $02.00
Proposed name and reason for its selection.Description of the occurrence. Geographic and geologic
occurrence, paragenesis, and a list of associated minerals,particularly those in apparent equilibrium with the newmineral.
Chemical composition and method of analysis.Chemical formula. Empirical and simplified.Crystallography. Crystal system, crystal class, space
group, unit-cell parameters, unit-cell volume, number offormula units per unit cell, X-ray powder data, mor-phology, and crystal structure.
General appearance and physical properties. Grain orcrystal size, type of aggregate, color, streak, luster, trans-parency, hardness, tenacity, cleavage, parting, fracture,density (calculated and measured).
Optical properties. Nonmetallic minerals: optical char-acter (isotropic or anisotropic; uniaxial or biaxial), opticalsign, indices of refraction, 2 v: dispersion, orientation,pleochroism, and absorption. Metallic minerals: color inreflected light, internal reflections, anisotropy, bireflec-tance, pleochroism, and reflectivity.
Type material. Museum where it is deposited.Relationship to other species.Any other data that will clarify difficult parts of the
description.It is recognized that it may not always be possible to
obtain all the above data; in such cases the author shouldgive reasons for the omissions. To assist potential authorsof new-mineral proposals, a checklist should be submit-ted as part of the proposal. Copies of an official checklistcan be obtained from the chairman of the CNMMN orfrom one of the national representatives. Guidelines onsome aspects of mineral proposals are given below.
1032 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ciently large to require a new mineral name, and each
new-mineral proposal must be considered on its ownmerits. However, a general guideline for compositionalcriteria is that at least one major structural site should beoccupied by a different chemical component than thatwhich occurs in the equivalent site in an existing mineral.But if the presence of an element occurring in a relativelyminor amount stabilizes the structure, or if its presencein an occupied site effects a structural change owing tocharge or size difference, then consideration may be givento a proposal to create a new name for such a mineral.Generally speaking, a crystallographic difference suffi-ciently large to justify the creation of a new mineral nameis one in which the structure of the mineral is topologi-cally different from that of an existing one.
Example 1. Hydroxyl-apatite and fluorapatite bothcrystallize in the hexagonal system, with the same spacegroup, and have similar unit-cell parameters. They areconsidered as separate minerals because the relevantstructural site is predominantly occupied by OH in hy-droxyl-apatite and by F in fluorapatite.
Example 2. Sphalerite (ZnS)and "marmatite" [(Zn,Fe)S]are both cubic, with the same space group and similarunit-cell parameters, but they are not regarded as separateminerals because the metal structural site is predomi-nantly occupied by Zn in both cases. Marmatite is re-garded as a ferroan variety of sphalerite.
Example 3. Graphite and diamond both have the samecomposition, but their structures are topologically differ-ent, and therefore minerals such as these deserve separatenames.
PolymorphsPolymorphic minerals are those that have essentially
the same chemical compositions, but different crystalstructures. Polymorphs are regarded as distinct speciesand warrant separate mineral names. If the structures ofthe polymorphs are topologically similar, it is preferableto give the new polymorph a name that is related to thatof the existing polymorph (see "Selection of a MineralName," below) rather than giving it a trivial name.
Polytypes
Polytypes have been defined as substances that occurin several different structural modifications, each of whichmay be regarded as built up by the stacking of layers of(nearly) identical structure and composition, and with themodifications differing only in their stacking sequence(Guinier et aI., 1984). Polytypes do not merit new names,but can be distinguished by appropriate suffixes. Themodified Gard notation recommended by the Interna-tional Union of Crystallography (Guinier et aI., 1984) isprobably more detailed than is necessary for mineral no-menclature since it is generally necessary only to distin-guish between polytypes, not to specify them accurately.Consequently, a simplified nomenclature is used; firstproposed by Ramsdell (1947), it consists of a suffix thatis an italicized alphabetical character indicating the crys-
tal system and an italicized numerical symbol indicatingthe multiplicity of the structural unit. The alphabeticalcharacters recommended by the International Union ofCrystallography (Guinier et aI., 1984), and now by theCNMMN, are as follows: cubic, C; hexagonal, H; rhom-bohedral, R; trigonal, T; tetragonal, Q (quadratic); or-thorhombic, 0; monoclinic, M; triclinic, A (anorthic).
Example 4. Wurtzite-4H is a hexagonal polytype witha periodicity of 4 times the c dimension of the wurtziteparent; wurtzite-15R is a rhombohedral polytype with a15-times periodicity.
Although polytypes are not regarded as mineral species,authors are advised to consult with officers of theCNMMN before introducing new polytype names forminerals into the literature.
Regular interstratifications
New names can be given to regular interstratificationswhere the kinds of layers, their relative proportions,chemical compositions, and regularity of interstratifica-tion have been well documented. For detailed criteriathat determine whether the interstratification is suffi-ciently regular to warrant a species name, the reader isreferred to Bailey (1981). However, any proposed newname must be submitted to the CNMMN.
Example 5. The name aliettite has been given to a 1:1regular interstratification of talc and trioctahedral smec-tite.
TYPE SPECIMEN
When a new mineral is described, or an existing oneredefined, the author should exercise care in defining itstype designation and should ensure that a type specimenis held as permanent reference material by at least onemajor museum or a nationally recognized mineral collec-tion.
TREATMENT OF NEW-MINERAL PROPOSAL
When the chairman of the CNMMN receives a new-mineral proposal, he is authorized to write to the authorasking for more data when he considers this desirable, orhe may point out possible objections either to the mineralor to the name. If the author so desires, the chairman isrequired to submit a proposal to the CNMMN whetheror not he approves of it. In such cases, the chairman willinform the authors that he will give his reasons as to theunsuitability of the proposal under "Chairman's Re-marks." The chairman's abstract of a proposal is sent byair mail to each member of the CNMMN, and approxi-mately 60 days are allowed for receipt of voting papers.
Members of the CNMMN are urged, not only to vote,but also to comment in detail. The chairman is autho-rized to suspend voting on a proposal to enable moreinformation to be obtained, or he may call for a secondvote on a proposal if, in his opinion, important com-ments are made by members that should be seen by allthe members. Second votes have the same voting periods(about 60 days) and require the same majorities as those
NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
for original proposals (see below). Any member of theCNMMN who objects to a proposal may ask the chair-man to suspend voting or to call for a new vote, but thefinal decision to do so rests with the chairman.
Abstracts of proposals dealing with "ore" minerals maybe sent to some members of the IMA Commission onOre Mineralogy, at the discretion of the chairman. Sim-ilarly, the chairman may submit abstracts of any propos-als to other specialists for advisory opinions. Such advi-sors do not vote, but their comments are considered bythe chairman. Serious objections raised by any advisorsare to be treated by the chairman as specified above.
Proposals dealing with minerals belonging to mineralgroups for which subcommittees have been organized bythe CNMMN may be sent to the appropriate subcom-mittee chairman for circulation among the subcommitteemembers if the CNMMN chairman thinks such action isadvisable. Subcommittee members are invited to submitopinions, and serious objections raised by them are to betreated as specified above.
If two or more proposals for the same new mineral arereceived by the chairman, the proposal that arrived firstin the chairman's office will have priority.
A proposed new mineral will be considered approvedif more than half (lh) of the members of the CNMMNvote on the proposal and if more than two-thirds (213)ofthese members have voted "yes." A proposed name willbe considered approved if more than one-half (lh) of themembers who vote on the proposal have voted "yes." Inassessing the voting results, an abstention is treated as anegative vote. After voting on a proposal is completed,the chairman sends the results to the CNMMN membersand to the author of the proposal. He includes the com-ments of the voting members, but the votes of individualmembers are not disclosed. Reconsideration of adversevotes can be requested by an author at any time if sig-nificant new data or new interpretations are obtained. Ifa mineral is approved, but not the name, a new nameshould be requested by the chairman when he notifies theauthor of the voting results. In cases of repeat voting,approvals of the mineral and the name require the samemaj ori ties as in the original voting.
Authors who have described new minerals withoutnames do not have any priority rights on the subsequentnaming of such minerals. Any names proposed subse-quently have to be approved by the CNMMN, as do theminerals for which the names are proposed.
The publication of nonapproved names or the namesof non approved minerals is not condoned. Nonapprovedminerals for which descriptions have been publishedshould be treated as unnamed minerals and fall under theprovisions of the preceding paragraph.
REDEFINITION, DISCREDITING, OR REVALIDATION OFMINERALS
Whenever possible, the redefinition or discrediting ofa mineral should be based on a study of type material. Ifa type specimen exists and if the original description,
1033
though faulty, represents a reasonable approximation tomaterial on the specimen, the mineral is to be defined byreference to be type material rather than to the originaldescription. This means that errors in the original de-scription cannot be held to discredit a mineral unless theoriginal description was so grossly inaccurate that, in thewords of J. D. Dana (1868) "a recognition of the mineralby means of it is impossible." If type material cannot beobtained for study, the investigator may propose a neo-type to the CNMMN, clearly stating the efforts made toseek the original type specimen. Both the acceptance ofthe neotype and approval of the proposal are within theauthority of the CNMMN.
If a mineral is shown to be a mixture and one of thecomponents is otherwise new, the name should usuallybe transferred to the new phase; a proposal to do thismust also be approved by the CNMMN before publica-tion.
If the original authors of the mineral to be discreditedor redefined are alive, the author of the discrediting orredefinition proposal should write to the original authorsasking them to comment on the proposal; these com-ments should accompany the submission to the CNMMN.The vice-chairman may also choose to contact the orig-inal authors independently.
Minor modifications to the definition of a particularmineral do not need to be referred to the CNMMN, butsubstantial ones do. In general, a redefinition that re-quires approval by the CNMMN is (1) one that adds ordeletes one or more chemical components essential to thedefinition of the mineral; (2) proposes a new composi-tionallimit to a member of a solid-solution series; or (3)proposes importan t changes in the structure of the min-eral. In case of doubt, the redefinition proposal should besent to the vice-chairman of the CNMMN for a ruling.
A mineral name may be discredited if it can be shownthat the mineral is identical to another one that has prior-ity, or if the name is misleading. All such cases must besubmitted to the vice-chairman of the CNMMN for ap-proval. In the examples below, approval is required, ex-cept as noted:
Example 6. A case similar to that of johachidolite(Amer. Mineral., 62, 327), in which the elements H, Na,and F were found not to be essential to the mineral.
Example 7. A case similar to that of sarcolite (Mineral.Mag., 48, 107), in which it was shown that F is essentialto the mineral.
Example 8. A case similar to that of hauchecornite(Mineral. Mag., 43, 873), in which it was shown thatordering of Bi, As, Sb, and Te on two structural siteswarranted redefinition of the original name and the in-troduction of three new mineral names for end members.
Example 9. A case similar to that of minerals in theamphibole group, in which compositional limits to mem-bers of solid-solution series were proposed (Amer. Min-eral., 63, 1023).
Example 10. A case similar to that of pierrotite (Zeit.Krist., 165, 209), in which one S atom was subtracted
1034 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
from the formula, does not require approval because noessential elements are added or deleted, only their pro-portion has changed. However, if this change had alsobeen accompanied by a change in symmetry of the min-eral, then approval would have been required.
Example 11. A case similar to that of onoratoite, orig-inally described as triclinic, but later found to be mono-clinic (Acta Cryst., C40, 1506).
Example 12. A case similar to that of mohsite, whichwas discredited (Can. Mineral., 17, 635) because re-ex-amination of a type specimen showed that it is essentiallysimilar to crichtonite, which has priority over mohsite.
Example 13. A case similar to that of ferroschallerite,which was discredited because re-examination of typematerial showed that it was not the Fe analogue of schal-lerite and that it did not have the schallerite structure(Mineral Mag., 48, 271).
A discredited name should not be used in the literatureexcept to report its discrediting. However, if there is evi-dence that a previously discredited mineral is valid, aproposal to revalidate the name should be submitted tothe CNMMN for consideration.
The treatment of proposals for redefinition, discredit-ing, or revalidation is analogous to that for the introduc-tion of a new mineral name, and more than a two-thirds(213) majority is required. to approve such proposals.
A list of mineral names discredited by the CNMMN isgiven as Appendix Table 1.
SELECTION OF A MINERAL NAME
Adjectival modifiers
In mineralogical nomenclature, it is important to dis-tinguish the name proper from adjectival modifiers thatmay precede the name and are not connected to it. Anadjectival modifier is not considered to be part of themineral name and is normally used to indicate a com-positional variant, e.g., ferroan manganotantalite, whereferroan is the adjectival modifier that indicates the pres-ence of some ferrous iron and manganotantalite is thename proper. The adjectival modifiers recommended bySchaller (1930) have generally been used in papers pub-lished in the English language, but with the greatly in-creased information about valence states that has becomeavailable since that time, it seems appropriate to draw upa new list.
A complete consensus could not be reached by mem-bers of the CNMMN on several adjectival modifiers. Al-though the CNMMN generally recommends that Latin-derived prefixes should be used whenever possible (Heyand Gottardi, 1980), a substantial number of membersfeel more comfortable with prefixes derived from com-mon English names of chemical elements, e.g., sodiumvs. natrium and potassium vs. kalium. In such cases, eitherversion is regarded as acceptable. Table 1 is a list of ad-jectival modifiers approved by the CNMMN.
In constructing an adjectival modifier that is not inTable 1, the ending oan is to be used for the ion with the
lower valency, and ian for the higher. If the valency ofan element in a particular mineral is not known, the ad-jectival modifier derived from the more likely, or morecommon, valence state of the element should be used.
An adjectival modifier is an adjective that gives someinformation on the chemistry of the mineral and is notconsidered to be a part of the mineral name. Adjectivalmodifiers should therefore be ignored in the preparationof alphabetical indexes. In some papers, an adjectivalmodifier is given in the form of a hyphenated prefix com-posed of a chemical symbol, e.g., Li-tosudite, rather thanlithian tosudite or lithium-bearing tosudite. Such usageis incorrect and should be avoided.
Group and varietal names
A mineral name may be used for a group of minerals,e.g., mica, or for a mineral species, e.g., muscovite. Some-times the species name is also used as a group name, e.g.,the pyrite species is a member of the pyrite group. In thepast, varieties of minerals have been given special names,e.g., kunzite (a variety of spodumene), but this practiceis not approved.
Name selectionNaming a new mineral is the prerogative and respon-
sibility of the senior author of the proposal submitted tothe CNMMN for approval, but the choice of a new nameis governed by the following guidelines:
The name must be sufficiently different from existingones to prevent confusion, both in the author's languageand in others. Existing mineral nomenclature already dis-plays a number of examples of unfortunate names thatare easily confused; names such as celadonite and cale-donite or mallardite and malladrite can easily be mis-spelled; names such as rhodesite, rhodizite, and rhodusiteare euphonically very similar. Introduction of new namesthat can create similar problems must be avoided.
If the new mineral is related to an existing one, it isdesirable that this relationship be indicated by the newname, e.g., clinoenstatite for the monoclinic dimorph ofenstatite, or magnesiocopiapite for the Mg analogue ofcopiapite. Such a name should consist of one word only(e.g., magnesiocopiapite, not magnesium copiapite).
Efforts should be made to choose a simple name ratherthan an excessively complicated one that may be difficultto read or pronounce.
The use of excessively long names should be avoided,as these may cause difficulties in pronunciation, tabula-tions, and computer databases.
The name of a mineral with essential rare-earth ele-ments (or the chemically related elements Y or Sc) musthave a suffix indicating the dominant rare-earth element,e.g., bastnasite-(Ce). Ifa new mineral with the same struc-ture and analogous composition, but with a differentdominant rare-earth element, is discovered, it should begiven a name that is analogous to that of the existingmineral, e.g., bastnasite-(Y). A suffixof this type is knownas a "Levinson modifier" after the author who introduced
NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE 1035
TABLE 1. Adjectival modifiers approved by the CN M M N
this procedure (Levinson, 1966). The CNMMN recentlydecided that the names of all minerals containing essen-tial rare-earth elements, including those introduced intothe literature before the publication of Levinson's paper,should be changed into the approved format. A list ofthese mineral names is given as Appendix Table 2.
In a few cases, a procedure similar to that describedfor minerals with essential rare-earth elements has beenused for minerals that can contain different substitutingelements in one or more structural sites, e.g., jahnsite-(CaMnMg). In general, this type of nomenclature is ac-ceptable in cases where only one substituting element issuffixed, but suffixes consisting of multiple elements areconditionally acceptable in cases where the structure iscomplex and where the use of such suffixes simplifies thenomenclature.
Suffixes can also be used to indicate crystallographicrelationships. This usage has already been noted in thecase of polytypes, but it has also recently been extendedto minerals that are not polytypes according to the rig-orous definition, e.g., hilgardite-3Tc (Ghose, 1985).
Relationships to other minerals can also be indicated
by the use of prefixes, e.g., clinoenstatite, the monoclinicdimorph of enstatite, or magnesiochromite, the Mg ana-logue of chromite. The use of a hyphen to distinguish theprefix from the root name is to be discouraged, but wherean unhyphenated name is awkward and a hyphen assistsin deciphering the name, it may be used, e.g., hydroxyl-bastnasite-(Ce ).
When a chemical prefix is used, Latin-derived prefixesshould be used whenever possible, e.g., "ferro" insteadof "iron," "plumbo" instead of "blei," etc. (Hey and Got-tardi, 1980).
The prefix is an integral part of the mineral name andshould generally be treated as such in the preparation ofalphabetical indexes; however, an exception can be madein the case of prefixed symbols such as Greek letters ortheir spelled-out Latin equivalents. A recent decision bythe CNMMN permits their positioning after the mainname; e.g., {3-roselite may be written as roselite-{3 or ro-selite-beta.
If the mineral is named after a person with a space ora capital letter in the name, the name should be modifiedto eliminate them, e.g., mcnearite, not mcNearite; joe-
1036 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
smithite, not joe smithite. Otherwise, the original spelling
of the person's name should be retained. If the mineralis to be named after a living person, that person's per-mission must be obtained by the author, and this shouldbe done prior to the submission of the proposal to theCNMMN. When deciding to name a mineral after a per-son, it is well to recall J. D. Dana's (1854) precept: "Itshould be remembered that the use of names of personseminent in other sciences, or of such as are ignorant ofall science, is wholly at variance with good usage andpropriety; moreover, an attempted flattery of the politi-cally distinguished is degrading to science, and cannot betoo strongly discountenanced."
Although the CNMMN does not have a fixed policyon the use of compounded personal names, some mem-bers feel strongly that they should be discouraged, partic-ularly where they become cumbersome or cacophonous,or where they unnecessarily distort the true names of theindividual who is supposedly being honored.
If the mineral is to be named after a geographical oc-currence, care must be taken to ensure that the spellingconforms to that in use at the locality and should not betaken from translations.
Mineral names proposed in languages that use otherthan the Latin alphabet shall be transliterated into theLatin alphabet according to the prevalent system opera-tive in the country of origin. In the case of Cyrillic names,transliteration shall follow the British Standard System,which has been adopted by the CNMMN. Diacriticalmarks must be retained wherever possible, but it is rec-ognized that not all printing establishments have the nec-essary facilities for printing all types of diacritical marks;in such cases diacritical marks may be omitted.
Reuse of a discredited or obsolete name for a new orredefined mineral is to be discouraged, except when thenew mineral is a component of a mixture originally de-scribed as a single mineral; in such a case, the originalname may be transferred to the new phase. Reuse of adiscredited name may also be permitted if there is a goodreason why the discredited name is particularly appro-priate for the mineral in question, and the discredited orobsolete name has not appeared in the active literature(except for the report of its discrediting) for fifty years. Aproposal to reuse an obsolete name must be accompaniedor preceded by a proposal to discredit the obsolete name.If the CNMMN does not approve a proposal to reuse adiscredited name, the author of the proposal has no prior-ity for the use of the discredited name, although he is freeto propose the name again at a future time.
The reuse of an obsolete or discredited name will notbe permitted if the name has been used outside the fieldof mineralogy (e.g., in petrography, metallurgy, paleon-tology, etc.) or to indicate two or more minerals.
If an artificial substance has been given a name, and amineral corresponding to that substance is subsequentlydiscovered, the name given to the artificial substance doesnot necessarily have to be applied to the mineral.
PUBLICATION OF DESCRIPTIONS OF APPROVEDMINERALS
Authors of approved proposals should publish descrip-tions of the minerals covered by these proposals withintwo years of being notified of the approval by the chair-man or vice-chairman. If descriptions of new mineralsand discrediting, redefinition, or revalidation of mineralnames are not published within that time, the proposalsare no longer considered as approved. Any extensions ofthis deadline must be approved by the chairman or vice-chairman, as appropriate.
ADVICE TO EDITORS
Editors of mineralogical and geological journals will doa service to the Earth sciences if they cooperate fully withthe CNMMN. All aspects of the nomenclature in sub-mitted manuscripts should be evaluated according to theguidelines given here. Assurance should be sought fromauthors that they have submitted all matters dealing withmineral nomenclature to the CNMMN and that theirproposals have been approved. Unless they have definiteproof of approval, editors should consult with their na-tional representatives or with members of the CNMMNexecutive. Editors should be particularly cautious aboutthe final acceptance of a paper bearing phrases like "hasbeen submitted" or "will be submitted" to the CNMMN.Acceptance of such papers should be delayed until evi-dence is produced that the nomenclature has been ap-proved by the CNMMN.
In the case of new minerals, editors should insist onevidence that a type specimen of the new mineral hasbeen lodged in at least one major museum or a nationallyrecognized mineral collection.
It would be appreciated if all journals that publish min-eralogical papers included the following statement in theirinstructions to authors:
"This journal follows the rules of the Commissionon New Minerals and Mineral Names of the IMA inall matters concerning mineral names and nomen-clature. "
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
National representatives on the CNMMN made substantial contribu-tions to this document by their comments and suggestions during its prep-aration. We are grateful for helpful suggestions made by Peter Bayliss,editor of the JCPDS Mineral Powder Diffraction File.
Dana, J.D. (1854) A system of mineralogy (4th edition). Wiley, NewYork.
-(1868) A system of mineralogy (5th edition). Wiley, New York.Donnay, G., and Fleischer, M. (1970) Suggested outline for new mineral
descriptions. American Mineralogist, 55, 1017-1019.Embrey, P.G., and Hey, M.H. (1970) "Type" specimens in mineralogy.
Mineralogical Record, 1, 102-104.Fleischer, M. (1970) Procedure of the International Mineralogical Asso-
NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ciation Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names. AmericanMineralogist, 55, 1016-1017.
Ghose, S. (1985) A new nomenclature for the borate minerals in thehilgardite (Ca2B409Cl. H20)-tyretskite (Ca2Bs090H' H20) group.American Mineralogist, 70, 636-637.
Guinier, A., et al. (1984) Nomenclature of polytype structures. Report ofthe International Union of Crystallography Ad-Hoc Committee on theNomenclature of Disordered, Modulated and Polytype Structures. ActaCrystallographica, A40, 399-404.
Hey, M.H., and Gottardi, C. (1980) On the use of names, prefixes and
suffixes, and adjectival modifiers in the mineralogical nomenclature.American Mineralogist, 65, 223-224.
1037
Levinson, A.A. (1966) A system of nomenclature for rare-earth minerals.American Mineralogist, 5 1, 152-158.
Mandarino, I.A., Nickel, E.H., and Cesbron, F. (1984) Rules of procedureof the Commission on New Minerals and Mineral Names, Internation-
al Mineralogical Association. American Mineralogist, 69, 563-564; Ca-nadian Mineralogist, 22, 367-368; Mineralogical Magazine, 48, 567-
568.Ramsdell, L.S. (1947) Studies on silicon carbide. American Mineralogist,
32, 64-82.
Schaller, W.T. (1930) Adjectival ending of chemical elements used as
modifiers to mineral names. American Mineralogist, 15, 567-574.
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY)
THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS
Discredited name ReferenceApproved name Reference Discredited name Approved name
Abkhazi teAbriachani teAbsi teAbukumal i teAchrema ti teAchromai teActinoteActymlinActynoli teAdelpholiteAktinoli tischer
tschermaki teAlaskai teAlazani teAlbrittoniteAldzhaniteAlkali-femaghastingsi te
Alkali -ferrohast ingsi te
Alkali-hastingsi te
Allchari teAllemonti teAllevard i teA110pallad iumAlmosi teAlmerii teAlpha-ca taple i teAl tmarki teA1uminobe taf i teAlumobri tooli teAlumocobal tomelaneAlumoferroaschari teAmeleti teAmiant(h)Amianthini teAmianthoideAmianthusAmosite
Ampangabei teAmphibole-anthophyll i teAmphiboli teAnalci teAnarakiteAnauxiteAnophori te
Mixture Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501Nepheline & mixture Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 438Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Asbestiform grunerite or Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
anthophyllite pre 1948Samarski te-( Y) Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262CUamingtonite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Ibrnb1ende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Analcime Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053
Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 54 (1969), 206Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Tremoli teRiebeckiteBranneri teBri tho1i te-( Y)MixtureIbrnb1endeActino1 i teActioo1iteActinoliteSamarski te-( Y)Magnesio- or ferro-
hornblendeMixture
Sodian potassian mag-nesian hastingsite
Sodian potassianhastingsite
Sodian potassian (has-tingsite to mag-nesiohastingsi te
GoethiteStibarsenRector i teStibiopa11adini te
NatroaluniteGaidonnayite
Kao1ini teTi tanian calcian
magnesio-arfvedsoni teAnthophylli teAnthophy 11i teAnthophylli te and
cul11ningtoni teAnthophy 11i teAnthophy1li teAnthophyll i te
AsbestosAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosSzajbelyiteStrontian mordeni teManganoan richteri teRichteri teB10di teMuscovi te
Magnes io-r iebeck i teMixture
Ferroan or ferro-pargasi tic hornblende
Ferroan or ferro-pargasi tic hornblende
Eucol i teAn oxyhornb1ende, often
ferri - or ferriantitanian (magnesio-or magnesianhastingsi te)
Oxyoornblene + augiteHausmanni te +
fei tknechi teFerrian actiooli tic
hornblendeTalmassi teHas tingsiteHast ingst i teAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosAsbestosTugtupiteTugtupite
WavelliteGedriteChrysocollaMerenskyite
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055this paperBull. Min. 97 (1974), 520Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paperMin. Mag. 38 (1971), 383Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paperAm. Min. 57 (1972), 993Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 47 (1983), 411Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103
Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 54 (1969), 1499Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1178Am. Min. 46 (1961),241Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 37 (1969), 123Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1054this paper
Continued
1038 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY)
THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name ReferenceApproved name Reference Discredited name Approved name
Biteplatini teBlancMrd i teBlendeBloediteBlomstrandi teBoleslavi teBoodtiteBo~niez i teBorickyi teBreadalbani teBroceni teBromyri teBrosteni teBuryk talski teByssoli te AsbestosCacoclasite MixtureCalafatite AluniteCalamine BemimorphiteCalami te Tremoli teCalciosamarskite Uranian yttropyrochloreCalc iotanta li te MixtureCalcium-larsenite EsperiteCalcium-rinki te Gotzeni tecalciumhilgardi te-2M( Ca)Calciumhilgardi te-3TaCar inthineCarnevalliteCarptx>sideri teCarystineCastaingiteCataforiteCataptDri teCatophori teCelestitecerargyri teCeroliteCerphosphorhut toni teceruranopyrochloreChalcolampri teCl'alcoli teChallanti teCl'alybiteChengbol i teChemyshevi teChessyli teO1iklite
Chile-lowei teChlorarsenianChlorhastingsi teChloropalChloroti IeChronrlistl'sneChrome-tremoli teChromephlogopi teChrominiumChromsteigeriteCl-Tyretski teCl ino-antoophy 11 i teCliooeuliteClinokupfferiteCl ioostrengi teClioovarisciteCobal t-frohbergi teCobal tocalci teCobal tomelaneCocineri teColllRt>omicroli teCossyri teCraigiteCrocidol i teCryptonickelemelaneCuproartini teCuprohydromagnesi teCuprourani teCyclowollastoni teDaschkesani t
Dishke (s )sani te
D3.yingiteDehrni teDelatorreiteDelorenzi teDeltaiteDesmineDevilli teDeweyli teDhanrasi teDialogi teDiasta ti teDidymoli teDillnite
ftbnchei teBrochantiteSphaler i teBl()d i teUranpyrochlore
Tremoli te or actiooli tePhlogopi tePhoenicochroi te
Hilgardi te-1TaMagnes iO-Cl.I1I11ingtoniteCliooferrosili teCLmningtoni tePhosphosideri teMetavarisci teFrohbergiteSpherocobal ti te
MixturePyrochloreAenigmati te
Asbestiform riebeckite
Torberni te
Chlor potassianMstingsite
Chlor potassianhastingsite
~~s M~:~8 (1973), 562Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 263Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Abet. 74-3408Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 52 (1967), 929Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1184Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 38 (1972), 765Am. Min. 50 (1965), 1170Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 50 (1965), 2111Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Can. Min. 23 (1985), 53Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Min. Abet. 70-1634Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 37 (1970), 954Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Bull. Min. 95 (1972), 427Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 70 (1985), 636Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053this paperMin. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 52 (1967), 1214Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 49 (1964), 821Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Carbonatian fluorapatite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 282Todorokite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Tanteuxeni te Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Mixture Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Stilbite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Devilline Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Mixture Am. Min. 47 (1962), 8ll
Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 50 (1965), 2111Am. Min. 46 (1961), 1519
Rhodochros i teli:>rnblendePlagioclaseZunyi te
DisthBneDixeyiteDjalmaiteD:>suli teD:>veri teD:>veriteDroogmansi teDzhezkazgani teEardleyi teblmeni teEckriteEggoni teEisenrichteri teEktropi teEllsworthi teEl1weileri teElroqu i teEhde i01 i teEPidesmineEPigeni teEPi ianthini teErubesci teExi ~leFah1erzFairbanksiteFasciculi teFe1dspathFelsparFemagMstingsi teFemol i teFengtuangli teFeng1uaniteFeranthophylli teFerri -adeni teFerri -tremoli teFerrian pargasi te
Ferri glaucophaneFerri hedri teFerripumpe11yi teFerririchteri te
Ferro-tremol i teFerroaluni teFerrotabingtoni teFerrofillowiteFerrol'a10trichiteFerrohastingsi teFerrolizarditeFerropla t inumFerropumpe1l yi teFerrostibianFerutiteFeuermineralFluochloreForbes i te
Foresi teFoucheriteFreyali teFrigiditeGajiteGalenoborni teGamsigradi te
Gastaldi teGearksi teGelzirconGentneriteGersbyi teGioberti teGirnari te
Glockeri teGlottali teGoongarri teGoureiteGrarrmati t-strahlsteinGrammatiteGriqua land i teGrossulariteGrothineGruneriteGrunlingiteQJangl ini teGutsevichi teHaddamiteHaematiteHanle i teHatchet tol i teHeikkoli teHeikolite
this paperMin. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 33 (1962),261Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152Bull. Min. 101 (1978), 56Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 62 (1977), 458Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 49 (1964), 446Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1421Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1066Min. Mag. 47 (1983), 411Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 65 (1980), 408Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103this paperMin. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Can. Min. 13 (1975), 117Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1779Am. Min. 49 (1964), 447Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Can. Min. 14 (1976), 414
Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262this paperAm. Min. 70 (1985), 1059Min. Mag. 43 (1979), 99Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 36 (1968),1144Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1778Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
LazuliteMagnesi teSubsil icic ti tanian
so<Han magnesianMstingsi te
Lepidocroci te Amer. Min. 62 (1977), 599Chabazite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Cosalite + galena Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501Narsarsukite Am. Min. 46 (1961), 1521Tremolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Tremolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Crocidolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Grossular Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Norbergite Min. Rec. 12 (1981), 377Grunerite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Joseite A / Bismuthinite Am. Min. 67 (1982),855
Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 33 (1963), 508Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
MicroliteHematiteUvaroviteUranpyroch10reCrossi teCrossi te
NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE 1039
ApPENDIXTABLE 1. MINERAL NAMESDISCREDITEDBY THE CNMMN (NOT TO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY)
THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name ReferenceApproved name Reference Discredited name Approved name
Hen\«>Od i teHerrengruoo i teHetero typeHeubachiteHexabol i tHexagoni teHexastibiopa11aditeHillangsi teft>eferi teHoepfneriteIbgtveititefb1zasbestfbngqui i tefbrmi tesHudsoni teHydrargill i teHydroarnes i teHydroca1cite
(of Marschner)Hydrocas tor i teHydroca taple i i teHydroceri teHydrochloreHydrocyani teHydrotalloysiteHydrokassi teHydrcxno1ys i teHydronaujakasi teHydropyrochloreHydrorinki teHydrosedci teHydrosodali teHydrougraoo i teHydroxyl-aschari teHydroxy1-szajbe1yiteIdocrase19a1ikiteIgdloi telmerini teImgre 1teIodyri teI ron-an thophy1 li teIron-oomblende
lron-richteri telsabelli teIshiganeite
Isopla tioocopperIsowolframiteJenkins i teJezekiteJiningiteJomstonotiteJuddite
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 49 (1964), 448
Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 47 (1962), 783Am. Min. 47 (1962), 398Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1065Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 50 (1965), 1450
~~.M~~. 616(~~~Hf~' 18~1
Am. Min. 57 (1972), 1006Am. Min. 57 (1972), 329Am. Min. 61 (1976), 186Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 48 (1984), 566Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261this paperMin. Mag. 42 (1978), 279Min. Mag. 36 (1967),133Am. Min. 61 (1976), 341Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 59 (1974), 212Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Chromian anthophyllite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Chromian antoophyllitic Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
amphiboleStrontian tyretskite Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 514
+ celestineWakefieldite-(ce) Bull. Min. 109 (1986), 30Paragonite + musoovite Am. Min. 58 (1973), 807
Kymatinelabraoor tx>mblendelamprobol i tetamprostibianlanei te
LiujinyiniteLodoctniki teIDrettoiteMacrokaol ini teMagantoophylliteMagnesia-arfvedsoni teMagnesian glaucophaneMagnesio1aumonti teMagnesium antoophyll iteMagnesium szomolnokiteMagnetostibianMagniobod teMagnodravi teMagoophori te
MaigruenMangan amphiboleManganandalusi teMangan croc idol i teMangan krokidol i thMangan-actinoli teMangan-tremoliteMangano-anthophyl1 i teManganomelaneMangananossi teManganosteens trupineManganseverg ini teMangantapiol i teManganurali te
N. Jb. Min., Mh. (1979), 189Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261
Starkeyite Min. Rae. 6 (1975), 144Inderite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Carbonatian fluorapatite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 282Ferd- or ferrian Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
oxy-kaersuti te1b1mquisti teLi thian amphibole,
holmquistite andc1 ioo-oolrnquis ti te
Uytenbogaardti teBranneri te
Am. Min. 62 81977), 403Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 54 (1969), 994Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1413Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253Am. Min. 54 (1969), 1223Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Can. Min. 17 (1979), 635Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paper
Tanta1ian ferroco1umbite Min. Mag. 43 (1979), 553Asbestos Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1778Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1778Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Min. Mag. 32 (1961), 737Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 62 (1977), 1261Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403
AsbestoscrthopyroxeneOxyoornblendeMelanostibianFerroan or ferro-
pargasi tic oornblendaChromian diopside
Magnesio-anthophyll i teMagnesio-arfvedsoni teGlaucophane
Magnesio-antoophyllite
Jacobsi teSuani te
Titanian potassianrichteri te
Rhodoni teManganoan anda1usi teManganoan riebeckiteManganoan riebecki teManganoan actinoliteManganoan tremol i teTiroditePsilornelaneManganocolumbi te
Manganotapio1 i teManganoan magnesio-
arfvedsoni teceriopyrochlore- (Ce)Manganoan richteri te
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1779Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
this paperAm. Min. 48 (1963), 1419Am. Min. 64 (1979), 1303Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562Am. Min. 48 (1963), 915Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 81978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Am. Min. 70 (1985), 217Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023
Continued
1040 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ApPENDIX TABLE 1. MINERAL NAMES DISCREDITED BY THE CNMMN (NOTTO BE USED IN PUBLICATIONS) AND APPROVED MINERAL NAME (IF ANY)
THAT MAY BE USED IN PUBLICATIONs-Continued
Discredited name ReferenceApproved name Reference Discredited name Approved name
NiobpyrochloreNiobtantalpyrochloreNitroglauberi teNoonkanbahi teNoraliteNordenskitSldi teNuola i teObrucmvi teOcta hedri teOligisteOlovotantaliteQ1dre j i te0p3 imose<xiziteOr:'niblende<Xthi teOr:'tho-armalcol i te<Xtoolomooosovi teOr:'thorhombic
lamprophyll i teOr:'thorhombic ]Aveni te<Xthor iebecki teOr:'those<Xthozoisi te<xyziteOsanni teOsumil i te- (K, Mg)Oxyferropuf1t)ellyi teOxyjulgoldi tePa1lad iumarseoostannidePanabasePanda i tePara -armalcol i tePara-boleiteparahilgardi teParapectol i teParaphaneParastrengiteParavarisci teParawollastoni tePaulitePerrlletoni tePenwi thi tepmraonitePhil ips tadi tePOOsphochromi tePhospoothoroguami tePianl ini tePicroamosi tePiednontitePi! ini tePi! i tePleonecti tePleurasi tePI inthi tePlumalsi tePlumangi tePlumboallopmnePlunOOzincocalci teR>liani teR>lyxenePravditepriori tePrisma tic schi llerspa rProari zoni teProtopartzitePseudo-aenigma ti tePseudoautuni tePseudoglaucopmnePseudoixioli tePseucbneso1 i tePseudonatrol i tePsilomelanePumpell yi tePyroch10re;nicroli tePyrochlore-wiikitePyrrhi tePyrrhoarseniteRaphili teRaphisideri teRetioostibianRevored i teRezhiki te
RheniumRhodoarsenianRhodusi teRhombomagnojacobs i teRijkeboeriteRimpyliteRogersi teRose i teRoyi te
Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 38 (1971),103Am. Min. 57 (1972), 592Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219this paperMin. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 70 (1985), 636Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 263Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261
Carpathite Am. Min. 54 (1969), 329Neotocite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 279Davyne Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Ferrian ferro-hornblende Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Ferrian variscite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1421
Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513Can. Min. 13 (1975), 117Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501Am. Min. 51 (1966), 152Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 38 (1971),103Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Can. Min. 14 (1976), 540Min. Mag. 49 (1985), 103Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513Can. Min. 12 (1973), 219Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 58 (1973), 562Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 53 (1968), 1060Bull. Min. 97 (1974), 520Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262
Magnesio-riebeckite or Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 261magnes io-arfvedsoni te
Huntite + magnesiteNeotociteEpistilbiteHornblendeAllani te
Lomonosovi te
RiebeckiteOr:'thoclase
EpistilbiteRiebeck i te
3+PlInpellyite-( F~+)
Julgoldi te-( Fe )
Tetramdri teBadopyrochlore
Hilgardi te-3Ta
Ferrian an thophylli tePiemontiteBaveni teActinolite pseudoroc>rphHedyphaneMixtureMixture
Pyrolusite
Altered britholiteAeschyni te- (Y)Anthophyll i te
Glaucopmne or crossi teIxioliteMesoli teMorden i teRomanechi tePumpellyite-(Mg)Pyrochlor:e or microl i teMixture
BerzeliiteTremoli teBemati te
RhodoniteMagnes io-riebeck i te
Bariomicroli tefbrnblendeChurchi te
Alpm-quartz
Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 55 (1970),' 776Min. Mag. 36 (1968),1144Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1502Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 279Am. Min. 57 (1972), 592Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023this paperMin. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1413Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144
this paperAm. Min. 58 (1973), 562Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1168Min. Mag. 38 (1971), 103Am. Min. 47 (1962), 1223
ActinoliteTitanian potassian
dchteriteSjOgrufvite Caryinite Am. Min.Slavyanskite Tunisite Z.V.M.O.Smaragdite Actinolite or hornblende Am. Min.Smaragditic grammatite Tremolite Am. Min.Smaragditic tschermakite Tschermakite or tscher- Am. Min.
maki tic hornblendeSaponiteNatronMagnes io-arfvedsoni teArfvedsoni teNi tra tineNi tra tineManganoan richteri teRichterite
RutherforditeSalmonsi teSami res i teSangari teScheibeite (of Mucke)Schetel igi teSchneideriteSchoeni teSctXSniteScoochardti teScl'1Jlzeni teSebes i teSelenjoseiteSepteta lc-chlori teShachial i teShentuliteSilbOli teSilfbergi teSilicate-wiikiteSi 1icomanganberzel i i teSilicomonaziteSi 1icorhabiophaneSil1bOli teSimpsoni te
SobotkiteScx:1aSoda asbestosSoda oornblendeSoda ni terSoda ni treSoda richteriteSOda tremoli teSodium phlogopi teSokolovi teSoretiteSpenci teSpessarti teSpeziatiteSphaerocobal ti teSpheneStannoluzoni teSterreti teStibiodufrenoysi teStibiomicrol i teStibiopearcei teStipoveriteStrahlsteinStratopeiteStrelite
Strontiohilgardi teStrontiohilgardi te-l TaStrontium ttxxnsoniteSubglaucophaneSukula i teSulpl'a te-monaz i teSuluni teSundiusiteSungul i teSvidneiteSvi talski teSyntagmatite
(Troger, 1952)Szechenyi i teSzechonyi tTaaffeite-9RTaiyiteTanga i teTangeni teTantalbetafi teTanta1hatchetto1 i teTan ta lo-obruchevi teTan talpyrochloreTantalumTanzani teTaprobani teTarasoviteTatarkaiteTavistockiteTaylori teTeremkov i teTeroovski teTetraka Is il i teTexasiteTha1acked teThierschite
Ruther ford ineHureaulite + jahnsitePlumbian uranpyrochlore
Phoenicochroite
Scl'JniederitePicr<xneritePicromeriteVermicul i te-chlori teCuprian heterogeni teTremol i teI:aitakariteBaumite
Actinol i teDannemori teMixture
Magnesian hastingsi teTdtomite-(Y)Spessarti nefbrnblendeSpherocobal ti teTitanite
Kolbecki te
MixtureAntimonpearce i te
ActiooliteNeotociteActioo1ite or
anthophylli teStrontian tyretski te
Cross i teStannomicroli te
Lizardi te + sepioli teOxy magnesio-riebeckiteCeladoniteTitanian hastingsite
Richteri teRichteriteMusgravi teAeschyni te- (Y)
Re<bndi te
Beta fi teUranmicroli te
Microlite
Taaffei te
Ripidol i teApatiteAnmonian arcani te
Magnesio-riebecki tePanunz i te
Anthophyll i teWhewelli te
Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 309Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 56 (1971), 359,Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1054this paperthis paperAm. Min. 64 (1979), 1334Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 498 (1963),1421Am. Min. 61 (1976), 174this paperMin. Mag. 33 (1962), 261Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
strahlsteinTorendrik i teTozali teTransvaaliteTremel i te-glaucophaneTriphaneTrudell i te
TsavoliteTsch9rnischew i tTucani teTuri teTyni teTyretskiteUcbkani teUdumineli teUfertiteUigiteUraliteUrangl inmerUranmicaUranoanataseUreyi teUzbekiteVallachiteValle i te
Manganoan sodianmagnes io-has tingsi te
8etafiteAenigmatite
Yttrobetafite-( Y)Mixture
Columbi te + samarski teTremolite
Magnesio-riebecki te
Heterogeni teRichteri teSpoduneneNatroalunite +
chloralumini teGrossularSodium amphibole
Tyretskite-1Ta
D:1vidite-( la)Thansoni te + gyroli teActinolite pseudomorphUraniteUrani te
Kosmoch10rVolborthi te
Calcian manganoananthophyll i te
Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1055Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Min. Mag. 36 (1967),133Am. Min. 47 (1962), 1363Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 253Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 57 (1972), 1317
this paperAm. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 36 (1968),1144Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Am. Min. 70 (1985), 636Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Min. Mag. 39 (1974), 929Am. Min. 49 (1964), 447Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Min. Mag. 43 (1980),1053Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144this paperAm. Min. 50 (1965), 2111Min. Mag. 38 (1971),103Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
Vanuranyli teVeliki teVernadsk i teViridineWaldheimi teWallerianWarthai teWathl ingi teWehrliteWeibyeiteWeileriteWeinschenki te
(of Laubman)Weinschenkite
(of Murgoci)
Westgrenite~'liikiteWilkeiteWittingi teWoHramoixioliteWoodfordi teYamatoiteYanzhongiteYenshaniteyftisiteYokosuka i teYttroha tchet tol i teYttromicroliteZeiringi teZeyringi teZilleriteZillerthi teZinc-manganese-
AntleriteManganoan andalusiteRichteriteEbrnblendeCosali te + galenaKieseriteMixtureBastnasite + ancylite
Churchite-(Y)
Min. Mag. 36 (1968), 1144Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Am. Min. 46 (1961), 146Zts. Krist. 155 (1981), 8
Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Am. Min. 49 (1964), 1501Am. Min. 47 (1962), 811Am. Min. 69 (1984), 215Am. Min. 49 (1964) v 1154Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 513
Ferri-magnesio- Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023oomblende ormagnesio-hastingsi te
Bismutomicrolite Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Mixture Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Apatite/fluore1lestadite Min. Mag. 46 (1982), 514Neotocite Min. Mag. 42 (1978), 279
Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Ettringite Min. Mag. 33 (1962), 262
Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Kotu1skite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055Vysotskite Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1055
this paperNsutite Am. Min. 49 (1964), 448Yttropyrochlore-(Y) Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403
Am. Min. 67 (1982), 156Aragonite + aurichalcite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1184Aragonite + aurictalcite Am. Min. 48 (1963), 1184Actioolite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023Actinolite Am. Min. 63 (1978),1023Zinc tirodite Am. Min. 63 (1978), 1023
SphaleriteZirkeli teGibbsi te
Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133Min. Mag. 43 (1980), 1053Am. Min. 62 (1977), 403Am. Min. 47 (1962),1223Min. Mag. 36 (1967), 133
1042 NICKEL AND MANDARINO: MINERAL NOMENCLATURE
ApPENDIXTABLE 2. Revised nomenclature for rare-earth-element minerals
Original Name Revised Name Original Name Revised Name
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