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Healthy, Intelligent and Resilient Buildings and Urban Environments 7th International Building Physics Conference Proceedings ibpc2018.org #ibpc2018
Healthy, Intelligent and Resilient Buildings and Urban Environments
7th International Building Physics Conference
Proceedings
ibpc2018.org #ibpc2018
Keynotes 1Dynamic Environment, Adaptive Comfort, and Cognitive Performance (497) 1Green Infrastructure and Urban Sustainability Recent Advances and Future Challenges (499) 7Humans and Nature in the Loop (498) 17Multiphysics Modeling of Materials, Assemblies, Buildings and Cities (496) 25The Physics in Natural Ventilation of Cities and Buildings (501) 35
BE-1 Diagnostics and Models for Building Performance 37A state-space based method to predict thermal performance of pipe-embedded double skin façade case study in Guangzhou (115) 37Computer Tomography as a data acquisition tool for quantifying and modeling in-pore gypsum crystallization in building materials (84) 43Determination of the input data for computational simulation of active glazing with changeable optical properties (92) 49Predicting the thermal conductivity of porous building materials with nanopores or reduced gas pressures (80) 55Rational selection of experimental readouts for hygric material characterisation (197) 61Towards validation of a numerical model of a test cell laboratory (362) 67
BE-2 Liquid Water in Buildings and Materials 73Adsorption and film forming of train of water droplets impacting porous stones (373) 73Application of rain intensity dependent rain admittance factor (RAF) in hygrothermal performance assessment of wall systems (202) 79Do interface resistances matter in historic masonries - analysis based on X-ray tomography and heat, air and moisture modelling (33) 85Drainage and retention of water in small wall drainage cavities experimental assessment (253) 91Rain-tightness of door sill sealing (95) 97Water uptake in masonry effect of brickmortar interface (216) 103
BE-3 Innovative Thermal Insulation Systems 109Aerogel-enhanced blankets state-of-the-art, market readiness and future challenges (106) 109Hygrothermal analysis of a vapour-open assembly with vacuum insulation panels (440) 115Measurements of temperature dependency on thermal insulation thickness in ventilated attics (199)
121Prediction of the long-term performance of vacuum insulation panels installed in real building environments (342) 127Super insulation material in district heating pipes (187) 133Super insulation materials in the building sector field studies and future challenges (206) 139
BE-4 Moisture in Buildings and Materials 145Effect of air pressure on moisture transfer inside porous building materials three-dimensional behavior of moisture and air (116) 145Evaluation of the impact of phase change humidity control material on energy performance of office buildings (167) 151Experimental analysis of micro-cracks on the change of moisture transport properties of AAC (37)
157Moisture monitoring of wood-frame walls with and without exterior insulation in a Midwestern U.S. cold climate (428) 163Psychrometer method to measure the moisture retention curves of porous building materials in the full humidity range (59) 169Semi-permeable membrane experiment for unsaturated liquid permeability of building materials potential and practice (58) 175
BE-5 Ventilation Systems for Buildings 181Experimental analysis on a solar air heating façade system (235) 181Experimental validation of a model for naturally ventilated double-skin facades (465) 187Hygrothermal assessment of north facing, cold attic spaces under the eaves with varying single sided passive ventilation strategies and infiltration rates, in a cool, temperate climate (223) 193Hygrothermal performance of sealed attics in climate zone 3A (446) 199Moisture robustness of eaves solutions for ventilated roofs – experimental studies (331) 205Thermal performance of novel natural ventilation apertures in a high-performance single-family house (240) 211
BE-6 Hygrothermal Performance and Mold Prevention 217Application of radiant floor heating in large space buildings with significant cold air infiltration through door openings (131) 217Evaluating the hygrothermal performance of wooden beam heads in 19th century town houses using in-situ measurements (419) 223Experimental investigations of wooden beam ends in masonry with internal insulation results contrasting three years of the experiment (405) 229On the hygrothermal behaviour of brick veneer cladded timber frame walls the role of the vapour diffusion resistance of the wind barrier (123) 235Performance evaluation of a highly insulated wall to withstand mould (208) 241Renovation with internal insulation and heat recovery in real Life – energy savings and risk of mold growth (93) 247
BE-7 Energy Retrofits for Building Envelopes 253A sustainable approach to the adaptive reuse of historic brick buildings analysis of energy efficiency
strategies for historic facade retrofits (433) 253Experimental investigation of latent heat thermal energy storage for highly glazed apartments in a continental climate (13) 259Interior insulation retrofit of a brick wall using super insulation materials design of a field testing in an industrial brick building (99) 265Light transmissibility characterization of a new coating for window retrofit (444) 271Monitoring and modelling of a prefabricated exterior envelope retrofit (474) 277Retrofit of the existing buildings using a novel developed aerogel-based coating results from an in-field monitoring (277) 283
BE-8 High Performance Building Envelope Systems 289Comparing exterior wall finishes using life-cycle assessment (372) 289Experimental study of the performance of a double skin façade window under non-solar conditions (65) 295Hygrothermal performance assessment of wall systems with various concrete and insulation configurations (194) 301Preparation and thermal performance of diatomite-based composite phase change materials wallboard (175) 307Study of the mechanical behavior of traditional Japanese mud wall on bamboo lath (272) 313Thermal stability of lightweight frame partitions exposed to pulsed wind load (41) 319
BE-9 Innovations in Wood 325Determination of lead dust fall rates during deconstruction of wood frame buildings in an urban region in the Northeastern United States. (317) 325Hygrothermal performance of a hygroscopic and permeable wall assembly impact of a vented wall cavity (468) 331Improving durability of wooden beam bearings in inside insulated walls by tempering the beam’s heads (407) 337Sorption hysteresis in wood and its coupling to swelling a new modeling approach (369) 343The effects of production technologies on the air permeability properties of cross laminated timber (410) 349Understanding swelling of wood through multiscale modeling (395) 355
BE-10 Solar Energy Harvesting and Management 361A transparent insulation solar façade coupled with a selective absorber an experimentally validated building energy simulation model (300) 361Power generation and visual comfort performance of photovoltaic toplighting technologies in transient spaces (255) 367Solar and lighting transmission in complex fenestration systems with perforated solar protection
systems (436) 373Solar efficiency index of building envelopes and load matching in low energy buildings (215) 379Study on the design method of integration of roof and photovoltaic based on aesthetics, technology and energy-saving characteristic (130) 385Thermal performance of PCM-glazing unit under moderate climatic conditions (38) 391
EC-1 Environmental Control Equipment and Systems 397A deep reinforcement learning method for model-based optimal control of HVAC systems (66)
397Air cooling and dehumidification with a zeolite coated heat exchanger regenerated by solar thermal energy (352) 403Evaluating the energy consumption and heat loss in the hot water supply and heating systems of a nursing home (177) 409Extracting radiant cooling from building exhaust air using the Maisotsenko-cycle principle (276)
415Periodic alternation between intake and exhaust of air in dynamic insulation (328) 421The energy saving performance of ventilation-heat-recovery system in residential buildings in the summer of hot-summer and cold-winter zone in China (145) 427
EP-1 Residential Energy Analysis and Management 433Characterisation of the flexibility potential from space heating in French residential buildings (172)
433Evaluation of the impact of weather variability on a net zero energy building advantage of sensitivity analysis for performance guarantee (192) 439Numerical analysis of a ground-source heat pump system in traditional Japanese “Kyo-machiya” dwellings (166) 445Offsetting peak residential cooling loads using a medium temperature chiller and sensible cold thermal storage (181) 451Prosumer cluster of single-family houses under the Danish net metering policy (473) 457Visualizing the quantitative comparison between exergy & energy analysis results with ExFlow (198)
463EP-2 Urban Energy Generation, Analysis and Management 469
A review of microgrid energy systems (431) 469Impacts of climate change and its uncertainties on the renewable energy generation and energy demand in urban areas (146) 475Multi-stage optimal design of energy systems for urban districts (399) 481Novel gas-driven fuel cell HVAC and dehumidification prototype (244) 487Optimization of electric vehicle charging in a fully (nearly) electric campus energy system (259)
493Studying the impact of local urban heat islands on the space cooling demand of buildings using coupled CFD and building energy simulations (386) 499
GB-1 Environmental Design, Sensing and the Built Environment 505An implementation for transforming a home energy management system to a multi-agent system (174) 505Bioclimatic tools for sustainable design – uncertainty perspective (422) 511Campus as a lab for computer vision-based heat mapping drones a case study for multiple building envelope inspection using umanned aerial systems (UAS) (285) 517Optimal control strategies for passive heating and cooling elements reduce loads by two-thirds in the adaptive reuse of a San Francisco Bay Area office (153) 523Sensing and information technologies for the environment (SITE); hardware and software innovations in mobile sensing applications (430) 529
GB-2 Green Roofs and Vegetation 535Experimental study on the stomatal resistance of green roof vegetation of semiarid climates for building energy simulations (104) 535Greening rooftops to reduce heat islands how large is large enough (402) 541Integrated vegetation model for studying the cooling potential of trees in urban street canyons (338)
547The use of a large, extensive green roof for multiple research objectives (447) 553Thermal performance of a green roof based on CHAMPS model and experimental data during cold climatic weather (423) 559Using rain and vegetation to improve thermal comfort in a hot street canyon with fully-integrated urban climate modeling (376) 565
GB-3 Urban Microclimates and the Heat Island Effect 571An investigate on the quantitative correlation between urban morphology parameters and outdoor ventilation efficiency indices (429) 571Effect of urban texture on building energy performance (287) 577New microclimate monitoring method and data process for investigating environmental conditions in complex urban contexts (231) 583Rapid cooling of urban surfaces during rainfall physical basis, dominant energy fluxes, and sensitivity to pavement and rainfall prop (400) 589Using advanced urban canopy models to investigate the potential of thermochromic materials as urban heat island mitigation strategies (283) 595
HF-1 Office Buildings 601A picture is worth a thousand words Smartphone photograph-based surveys for collecting data on
office occupant adaptive opportunities (81) 601Benchmarking the energy efficiency of office buildings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (52) 607Exploring occupants' impact at different spatial scales (147) 613Neural network models using thermal sensations and occupants’ behavior for predicting thermal comfort (28) 619Quantification of building energy performance uncertainty associated with building occupants and operators (148) 625Towards a new way of capturing occupant well-being (484) 631
HF-2 Occupant Comfort in Special Cases 637Conserving energy, conserving buildings airtightness testing in historic New England homes (304)
637Field occupants’ behavior monitoring integrated to prediction models impact on building energy performance (169) 643Modeling and spatial visualization of indoor micro-climates for personalized thermal comfort (316)
649Occupants’ perception of historical buildings’ indoor environment. Two case studies. (356) 655Towards human-centered intelligent envelopes A framework for capturing the holistic effect of smart façades on occupant comfort and satisfaction (466) 661
HF-3 Residences 667Energy flexibility of building cluster – part I ccupancy modelling (186) 667HOUSE project Building understanding through an enabled boundary object (324) 673Inter-ActiveHouse users driven building performances for nearly zero energy buildings in Mediterranean climate 679The influence of window opening habits on the residential energy use in nearly zero energy buildings (74) 685Utilization of heat recovery ventilation steady-state two-zone energy use analysis and field studies (72) 691
HF-4 Lighting and Visual Quality 697Application of C-SVM classification algorithm to the lighting visual comfort of university classrooms (46) 697Developing and testing visual privacy metrics (60) 703Environmental conditions and occupant satisfaction in the workplace a controlled study in a living lab (85) 709Generating design-sensitive occupant-related schedules for building performance simulations (87)
715Lighting systems and users interactions in classrooms and laboratory rooms (415) 721
Visual comfort assessment of different shading strategies in a commercial office building in the southeastern US (411) 727
IE-1 Assessment and Analysis 733A method for an effective microclimate management in historical buildings combining monitoring and dynamic simulation the cas 733Description method of outdoor climate characteristics considering comprehensive effect on indoor climate (469) 739IEQ measurement and assessment tools for plug-and-play deep renovation in buildings (102) 745Influence of illumination on paper and silk used in Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy based on Raman spectroscopy in museum (120) 751The impact of indoor temperature and CO2 levels on occupant thermal perception and cognitive performance of adult students and the implications on buildings (137) 757Thermal and mycological active protection of historic buildings on the example of the baroque residence of Polish kings in Wilanów (40) 763
IE-2 Field Studies 769Classification of the indoor environment in a high-school building by means of subjective responses (396) 769Comparison between qualitative and quantitative measurement in assessing thermal comfort in an elementary school (445) 775Empirical assessment of summertime overheating risk in new, retrofitted and existing UK dwellings (243) 781Indoor air quality and thermal comfort for elderly residents in Houston, TX – a case study (245)
787Method for detecting contaminant transport through leakages in a condemned school (195) 793The impact of physical environments on satisfaction in shopping centers (207) 799
IE-3 Lighting and Windows 805A novel methodology to spatially evaluate DGP classes by means of vertical illuminances. Preliminary results. (471) 805Comparative study of different design configurations based on the daylight and visual comfort performance of electrochromic glass in a side-lit office building (452) 811Daylight availability in a room equipped with PCM window (36) 817Development of an electric-driven smart window model for visual comfort assessment (269) 823Lighting quality study of shopping malls in China based on the evaluation experiment (88) 829Thermal performance of an electric-driven smart window experiments in a full-scale test room and simulation model (270) 835
IE-4 Ventilation and Air Conditioning 841
A novel approach to near-real time monitoring of ventilation rate and indoor air quality in residential houses (249) 841Design and operational strategies for good indoor air quality in low-energy dwellings performance evaluation of two apartment blocks in East London, UK (162) 847Effects of semi-open space on micro-environmental control (173) 853Numerical investigation of a diffuse ventilation ceiling system for buildings with natural and hybrid ventilation (179) 859Research for the optimization of air conditioner sensor position based on the room spatial parameter (132) 865The impact of ventilation strategy on overheating resilience and energy performance of schools against climate change the evidence from two UK secondary schools (165) 871
IE-5 Air Pollution and Control 877Analysis of dynamic variation characteristics and influential factors of PM2.5 on subway platforms under air-conditioning condition and ventilation condition (364) 877Assessing the performance of photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in three different scaled set-ups (363) 883Fate of particles released by a puff–dispersion with different air distributions (475) 889Radon levels in rented accommodation (5) 895
IE-6 Thermal Environment and Control 901Condensation-free radiant cooling using infrared-transparent enclosures of chilled panels (463)
901Experimental study on the impact of passive chilled beam in a room with displacement ventilation (42) 907Liquid desiccant-polymeric membrane dehumidification system for improved cooling efficiency in built environments (454) 913Simulation-based approach to optimize courtyard form concerning climatic comfort in hot and humid climate (105) 918The effect of the position and temperature difference of local radiant asymmetry on thermal comfort an experimental investigation (17) 924Thermal effect of metal fin inside elevated radiant floor based on the thermal utilization of a burning cave (479) 930
IM-1 Intelligent Monitoring and Management Systems 935Implementation of integrated wireless sensors technology in renovation of social housing buildings. A Danish case study. (7) 935LightLearn Occupant centered lighting controller using reinforcement learning to adapt systems to humans (34) 941
Sequential Monte Carlo for on-line estimation of the heat loss coefficient (225) 947The co-heating test as a means to evaluate the efficiency of thermal retrofit measures applied on residential buildings (464) 953The thermal resistance of retrofitted building components based on in-situ measurements (377)
959Wireless sensor system for intelligent facades (387) 965
MS-1 Whole Building, Resilience, and Life Cycle Analysis 971A resilient refurbishment project for an Italian large sports hall (490) 971Dynamic life cycle assessment integrating cultural value (11) 977Investigation of energy modelling methods of multiple fidelities a case study (427) 983Optimal passive design strategies for nearly zero-energy dwellings in different Chilean climates using multi-objective genetic algorithms (24) 989Pareto optimality analysis for evaluating the tradeoff between visual comfort and energy efficiency (384) 995Passive survivability in residential buildings during heat waves under dynamic exterior conditions (426) 1001
MS-2 Lighting, Daylighting, and Multi-Physics Models 1007Comparison of daylighting simulation workflows and results using plugins for BIM and 3D Modelling programs application on early phases of design process (310) 1007Existing energy performance and the potential of simulation in school buildings – a review (4)
1013Lighting simulation for external Venetian blinds based on BTDF and HDR sky luminance monitoring (56) 1019Modelling of a naturally ventilated BIPV system for building energy simulations (273) 1025Numerical analysis of the influencing factors on the performance of a pipe-embedded window operated in summer (114) 1031Validation of the EN 151932017 calculation method to estimate the daylight supply in a building comparison with dynamic climate-base (326) 1037
MS-3 Heat and Moisture Transfer in Materials and Assemblies 1043Assessment of cumulative damage of selected building envelopes exposed to various environmental effects (32) 1043Impact of the substrate thermal inertia on the thermal behaviour of an extensive vegetative roof in a semiarid climate (448) 1049New algorithm for water leakages flow through rain screen deficiencies (205) 1055PV-PCM system integrated into a double skin façade. A genetic optimization based study for the PCM type selection. (71) 1061
Stochastic modelling of hygrothermal performance of highly insulated wood framed wall (190)1067
Thermal insulation of radon stack systems to avoid freezing (73) 1073MS-4 Co-simulation and Platforms for Integrated Analysis 1079
A GIS based methodology to support multi-criteria decision making for the retrofitting process of residential buildings (398) 1079A new normative workflow for integrated life-cycle assessment (291) 1085Big-open-real-BIM data model - proof of concept (161) 1091BIM and game engine integration for operational data monitoring in buildings (383) 1097Cross-platform, public domain simulation tools for performing parametric IAQ and energy analysis (380) 1103Optimization of four-primary white LEDs based on protective effect and color quality-a solution for museum illumination (118) 1109
MS-5 Computational Fluid Dynamics and Energy Performance 1115Analytical and experimental investigation on depth and pipe configuration for coaxial borehole heat exchanger (281) 1115Comparison of lattice Boltzmann method and finite volume method of large eddy simulation in isothermal room flow (53) 1121Development of a supermarket prototype building model (232) 1127Improving the representation of convective heat transfer in an urban canopy model (424) 1133Streamlined CFD simulation framework to generate wind-pressure coefficients on building facades for airflow network simulations (358) 1139Unsteady-state exergy analysis on two types of building envelopes under time-varying boundary condition (33) 1145
MS-6 Data Analytics, Model Reduction and Calibration 1151Achieving faster building energy model optimization through selective zone elimination (86) 1151Comparison of data-driven building energy use models for retrofit impact evaluation (318) 1157Modeling and model calibration for model predictive occupants comfort control in buildings (361)
1163Neural networks to predict the hygrothermal response of building components in a probabilistic framework (91) 1169Optimization of night cooling of commercial premises using genetic algorithms and neural networks (49) 1175Use of calibrated building simulation to investigate comfort conditions in a healthcare facility (303)
1181MS-7 Material Characterization and Model Parameters 1187
An experimental and modelling study on the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon under different challenge concentration levels (229) 1187Development of a procedure for estimating the parameters of mechanistic emission source models from chamber testing data (308) 1193Evaluation of the physical interpretability of calibrated building model parameters (248) 1199Field experimental investigation of temperature, humidity and solar radiation impacts on formaldehyde emissions from interior furnish material (particle board): a preliminary study (261)
1205Study on improving the surface wet condition of subfloor by hygroscopic material in rural residences of China (260) 1211The application of computed tomography for characterising the pore structure of building materials (83) 1217
MS-8 Building Enclosure Design 1223A dynamic thermal network model applied to ventilated attics (27) 1223A holistic decision support tool for facade design (413) 1229Considerations on the thermal modeling of insulated metal panel systems (309) 1235Numerical thermal model of a double-glazed window filled with phase change materials (438)
1241On the compliance of thermal performance requirements for highly insulated building units (238)
1247The effect of ambient moisture conditions on heat flux time shift and decrement factor of multi-layered walls (392) 1253
PE-1 Economic and Policy Aspects of Green Buildings 1259Conceptual framework for improved management of risks and uncertainties associated with the performance of the building enclosure (57) 1259Effect of economic indicators on cost-optimal energy performance levels of residential building retrofits in the Mediterranean region of Turkey (347) 1265Evaluation of efficiency and renewable energy measures considering the future energy mix (274)
1271Optimization of government subsidization strategies for building stock energy refurbishment (357)
1277Techno economic analysis of individual building renovation roadmaps as an instrument to achieve national energy performance targets (233) 1283The impact of an energy efficiency regulation in northern Canada (107) 1289
PS Poster Session 1295A comparison of model order reduction methods for the simulation of wall heat transfer (70) 1295
A framework for comfort assessment in buildings and districts retrofit process (101) 1301A rain simulator to examine green roof and soil moisture sensor performance (417) 1307A study on natural lighting design strategies for teaching buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter zone of china—a case of the Arts and Sciences building of Xinyang Normal University (133) 1313Analysis of thermal bridges in insulated masonry walls a comparison between vacuum insulated panels and expanded polystyrene (307) 1319Application of PCM-to-air heat exchanger for free cooling applications (289) 1325Assessment of the BIPV potential at the city of Prague and their effect on the built environment (333) 1331Bio-inspired outdoor systems for enhancing citizens thermal comfort in public spaces by learning from nature (219) 1337Building information modeling (BIM) implementation for sustainability analysis a mega airport project case study (492) 1343Chemical analysis of precipitation and stormwater runoff from a large green roof (453) 1349Computational evaluation of the thermal performance of underground bunkers the case of Albania (150) 1353Criteria for identifying failure optimization algorithms in building energy optimization and case studies (90) 1359Effects of gaseous pollution and thermal conditions on the corrosion rates of copper and silver in data center environment a literature review (257) 1365Elaboration of the decision space for an optimization of building retrofit (336) 1371Energy flow through the Onondaga County Convention Center green roof (313) 1377Estimating time constants for over 10,000 residential buildings in North America towards a statistical characterization of thermal dynamics (134) 1383Experimental investigation of the impact of PCM containment on indoor temperature variations (470) 1389Hygrothermal modelling of building enclosures reference year design for moisture accumulation and condensation risk assessment (211) 1395Hygrothermal performance of historic massive wall when is 2D simulation necessary (239) 1401Innovative composite materials with enhanced acoustic, thermal, and optical performance for urban pavements experimental characterization (230) 1407Intrinsic evaporative cooling and weather-responsive natural ventilation for adaptive thermal comfort in tropical buildings (155) 1413Long term measurements and HAM modelling of an interior insulation solution for an office building in cold climate (220) 1419New technology creates new lightscape (39) 1425
Optical performance of polycarbonate multi-wall panels in the form of transparent insulation based on long-term outdoor measurements (406) 1431Preliminary monitoring results of ventilated heavyweight building envelope from recycled aggregate (98) 1437Review of the sky temperature and solar decomposition, and their impact on thermal modeling (458)
1443Roof windows for passive houses – what can be improved (182) 1449Sensitivity analysis using the SWMM LID control for an extensive green roof in Syracuse, NY (149)
1455Simulation of building physics for beginning design students (442) 1461Study on multivariate regression model of indoor and outdoor particulate pollution in severe cold area of China (26) 1467The design, construction and commissioning of a small scale dynamic calibrated hot box (241)
1473The effect of human walking on distribution characteristics of indoor particulate matter (67) 1479Thermal performance analysis of traditional housing in Albania (94) 1485Uncertainty in building energy performance characterization impact of gas consumption decomposition on estimated heat loss coefficient (371) 1491Ventilation potential assessments for residential building arrangements based on exceedance probability analysis (157) 1497
Author Index 1503
Retrofit of the existing buildings using a novel developed aerogel-based coating: results from an in-field monitoring
Stefano Fantucci1,*, Elisa Fenoglio1, Giulia Grosso1, Valentina Serra1, Marco Perino1, MarcoDutto2 and Valentina Marino2
1Politecnico di Torino - Department of Energy, C.so Duca degli Abruzzi 24 Torino 2Vimark Srl – Strada Spartafino 2, Peveragno CN
*Corresponding email: [email protected]
ABSTRACT The energy retrofit of existing buildings and more in general building rehabilitation represents an important challenge in EU countries since a large part of their building stock is old, poorly insulated and affected by pathologies, i.e. mould growth, with relevant implications on users health other than aesthetical drawbacks. Unfortunately, the energy retrofit of existing buildings and particularly when dealing with historic buildings presents several issues, i.e. the compatibility between the identified solutions and the heritage value or the reduction of the internal space if internal solutions have to be adopted. An emerging solution to address the target of the energy efficiency, according to the abovementioned issues, is the application of advanced materials characterized by high thermal performance and thus allowing to keep low layer thickness. In the framework of an on-going Wall-ACE Horizon 2020 project, a set of aerogel-based novel super insulating plasters, particularly suitable for internal and external application on existing walls is under development. As far as the interior layer is concerned, so far two different aerogel-based products have been developed: an interior plaster and a thermal coating were developed respectively aimed at reducing the heating energy needs and mitigating thermal bridges mould issues. The paper reports the first results of the laboratory tests carried out on the thermal coating Moreover, a monitoring activity in a 1920s building in Torino (Italy, Lat.45°N, Long 7.65°E) was carried out to characterize the actual thermal performance of the insulating layer and to assess the technical and the hygrothermal compatibility of the intervention. The monitoring results highlight that the application of a thin thermal coating finishing layer can lead to a significant increment of the indoor surface temperature of ~1.5°C with a decrease of the wall heat losses of ~30%. Moreover, a mitigation of the effect of the thermal bridge was also observed with an increment of the node surface temperature (wall-window frame) of up to 2°C.
KEYWORDS Aerogel, coating, finish rendering, plaster, thermal performance
INTRODUCTION
The building sector is responsible for nearly 40% of the total energy consumption in Europe (Directive 2010/31/EU). About 50% of the European stock was built before the first thermal regulations in 1970s (EU Buildings Factsheets). Italy is a clear example, in fact, more than 60% of residential buildings were built before 1976, the year the first law on energy savings, and the 30% of buildings (12.5 million buildings) is dated before 1945 (ISTAT 2011), therefore, characterized by traditional construction systems. About 1.8% of this Italian
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building stock can be classified as cultural heritage, according to the definition of the Legislative Decree no. 42 of 22/01/2004 pertaining to the Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code, that means subject to protection by the competent Ministerial Authorities. In the last decade, the importance of energy efficiency and thermal comfort in historical buildings has increased immensely and, the most recent research shows a shift in viewpoints. While energy retrofits were previously seen as a potential threat to the character and fabric of historic and traditional buildings, they are now seen largely as an opportunity to protect these buildings and respond to global environmental concerns (Webb A.L - 2017)) There is a growing body of research facing the challenge of merging energy efficiency measures and internal thermal comfort with the requisite of maintaining the cultural and historic significance of buildings (De Bouw M. et al. - 2016). Among the technical solutions to reduce thermal losses, technologies for the indoor insulation are the most suitable for this purpose (Walker R. and Pavía S. - 2018). Innovative materials and products like aerogel-based plasters and renders shall be explored because of their reduced thickness of installation and their high insulation potential. In the framework of an on-going Wall-ACE Horizon 2020 project a novel aerogel-based thermal coating has been developed, with the main aim of mitigating thermal bridges and mould growth issues. In this paper first results coming from laboratory tests and in-field monitoring are presented.
METHODS
A novel aerogel-based thermal coating, here called R4, was developed adopting both mineral and organic binders, with Kwark® granular aerogel (produced by Enersens), perlite, glass and ceramic spheres used, in various percentage, as lightweight aggregates (LWA). A first series of preliminary tests, aimed at determining its thermal and mechanical properties were carried out in the laboratory to check its conformity to the market and its potentials in mitigating thermal bridges and avoiding mould growth. A monitoring campaign was then set-up and carried out on a case study building, in order to test its behaviour under actual operating conditions.
Laboratory test
The laboratory tests were aimed at determining the dry bulk density, the mechanical resistance and the thermal conductivity of the material. The density was measured by weighing a specimen with a known volume of 0.4 x 0.4 x 0.05 m, previously dried in a climatic chamber (ACS DM 340, figure 1c) until any weight variation of more than 0.2%, occurs. Flexural and compression strength tests were carried out adopting prismatic samples according to UNI EN 1015-11:2007 (figure 1b). The dried specimen was also adopted for the thermal conductivity measurements carried out according to UNI EN 12667:2002, through a heat flux meter apparatus (Lasercomp FOX 600, figure 2d).
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a) b) c) d) Figure 1: a) Coating sample surface aspect; b) Flexural strength measurement; c) Climatic
chamber (ACS DM 340); d) Heat flux meter (Lasercomp FOX 600).
Application phase and in-field monitoring
In addition to laboratory measurements, an assessment of the behaviour under actual operating condition was performed aimed at investigating aspects related to the technical feasibility as well as energy effectiveness. A monitoring campaign on a 1920s building located in Turin (Italy, Lat. 45°N, Long. 7.65°E) was thus set-up and carried out. From the energy point of view, the aim of the in-situ measurements was to evaluate the capacity of the R4 coating, on one hand, to reduce heat losses through the solid masonry wall and on the other hand to mitigate thermal bridging effect due to the increasing of the wall indoor surface temperatures. An east-oriented room was chosen and two identical walls, named TW and RW, respectively the wall with the thermal coating (figure 3a) and the reference one (figure 3b) were continuously monitored.
Figure 3: a) Coated wall (TW); b) Reference wall (RW); c) Schematic sensors position
a) b) c) d) Figure 4: a) Primer application; b) Mixing; c) Coating application; d) Final thickness;
The coating was prepared and applied on TW and the related thermal bridge. To improve the adhesion of the thermal coating on the existent wall, a mono-component primer in thin layer
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was firstly applied (figure 4a). The thermal coating, mechanically mixed with ~1:1 water ratio, was manually applied to reach a thickness of 12-15 mm (figure 4b, c, d). For the monitoring campaign, carried out according to UNI ISO 9869-1:2015, temperature and heat flux sensors were placed both on TW and RW and on the relative thermal bridges. As reported in figure 3c, two heat flux sensors were applied in the centre of walls. T-type thermocouples were placed for measuring air and surface temperatures both on the walls and in the thermal bridges zones1, in addition, thermocouples were also placed at the interfacebetween the thermal coating and the wall (TW) (figure 3c). In order to measure the incident solar radiation, a pyranometer sensor was adopted. To force the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, reaching at least 10 °C, the indoor setpoint temperature maintained at 23 ± 1°C.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Physical properties
Laboratory test showed generally good properties (table 1). The density of dried specimen is ~50% lower than the value obtained from thermal insulating coat without aerogel grains (R0 table 1). As far as mechanical properties are concerned, flexural strength assumed the value of 0.8 MPa. Thermal conductivity was 0.051 W/mK for the dried specimen, that is ~65% lower than the λ-value assumed by mineral-based thermal insulation coating (R0 table 1).
Table 1: Results of laboratory measurements carried out on R4 sample
Sample Density Flexural strength λ [kg/m3] [MPa] [W/mK] Tavg 10°C Tavg 25°C Tavg 40°C
R4 326 0.8 0.051 0.052 0.053 R0 617 1.1 0.138 0.143 0.151
Monitoring results
The temperature and heat flux analyses were focused on the last week of the entire monitored period; these days (from 26th February to 05th March) were considered the most representativedue to the low solar radiation value and low external air temperature (figure 5).
Figure 5: Boundary conditions In figure 6a the boxplot analysis of the surface temperatures of the TW and RW in the centre of the walls and along the thermal bridge is reported. The graph shows an increase on W1 temperature surface due to the presence of the thermal coating. Particularly, near to the
1 It is worth to be mentioned that the measurement set-up does not allow to quantify the linear thermal transmittance. For this sake, the measured wall-edge temperatures can be used to validate heat transfer models able to quantitatively assess the incidence of the thermal bridges.
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window frame (●), the surface temperature increases of ~2°C compared to the uncoated surface. The thermographic analyses highlight the temperature increase on the TW thermal bridge due to the presence of the thermal coating (figure 7b, 7c). Looking at the TW external surface the temperature is, as expected, lower than that of RW, reaching a value below zero, which can determine freezing problems in rain-exposed façade (figure 6b, 7c). As well as the increasing of the internal surface temperature, a noticeable reduction of about 30% of the heat flux on the thermal coated wall, when compared to the RW wall (figure 7c), can be observed.
Figure 6: a) Thermal bridges and walls surface temperature monitored; b) external surface temperature monitored; c) Heat flux measured on TW and RW.
Figure 7: a) Thermocouples on thermal bridges; b) Infrared image of TW thermal bridge; c) Infrared image of RW thermal bridge; d) External infrared image.
CONCLUSIONS
In the framework of a Horizon-2020 project ‘Wall ACE’ a novel aerogel-based thermal coating finishing for interior insulation was developed. As a first research step, the main physical properties of the developed material were assessed through laboratory analyses. The thermal results of the selected product show a low thermal conductivity value of ~0.05 W/mK. Furthermore, the material was applied to a 1920’ demonstration building in Turin. The thermal behaviour of the retrofitted wall was monitored for an entire winter season after the application and was compared with an uncoated reference wall. The monitoring results highlight that the application of a thin thermal coating finishing
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layer can lead to a significant increment of the indoor surface temperature of ~1.5°C with a decrease of the wall heat losses of ~30%. Moreover, a mitigation of the effect of the thermal bridge was also observed with an increment of the node surface temperature (wall-window frame) of up to 2°C. The obtained results reveal that the developed thermal coating finishing present a non-negligible reduction of the heat losses as well as significant mitigation of the condensation risks in thermal bridges demonstrating the suitability of the developed product for the application in all the buildings in which usual thick internal insulating solutions cannot be addressed for space, historical and technical constraints.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The research project Wall-ACE has received funding from the EU Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Grant Agreement No. 723574. The authors wish to thanks the project partner ATC (Agenzia Territoriale per la Casa del Piemonte Centrale) and CASE which make available the demonstration building and ENERSENS that provided the Kwark® aerogel for the development of the insulating coating finish.
REFERENCES
Directive 2010/31/EU on the Energy Performance of buildings. http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/ EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32010L0031&from=EN (Accessed 2014-11- 17).
EU Buildings Factsheets, Building stock characteristics, https://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/eu-buildings-factsheets (Accessed 2018 - 04- 03).
ISTAT 2011, National Census - http://dati-censimentopopolazione.istat.it/Index.aspx (Accessed 2018 - 04- 03).
Webb A.L., Energy retrofits in historic and traditional buildings: A review of problems and methods, renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 77 (2017), pp. 748-759
De Bouw M., Dubois S., Dekeyser L., Vanhellemont Y., Proceedings of Energy Efficiency and Comfort of Historic Buildings (EECHB 2016),Brussels, Belgian Building Research Institute, Belgium, 19th-21st October, 2016
Walker R., Pavía S., Thermal and moisture monitoring of an internally insulated historic brick wall, Building and the environment 133 (2018), pp. 178-186
Enersens, Aerogel particles Kwark, (Accessed 2018 - 06 - 25)
UNI ISO 9869-1:2015. Thermal insulation - Building elements – in-situ measurement of thermal resistance and thermal transmittance. Part 1: Heat flow meter method
UNI EN 1015-11:2007. Methods of test for mortar for masonry - Determination of flexural and compressive strength of hardened mortar.
UNI EN 12667:2002 Thermal performance of building materials and products. Determination of thermal resistance by means of guarded hot plate and heat flow meter methods. Products of high and medium thermal resistance
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http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legalcontent/http://dati-censimentopopolazione.istat.it/Index.aspxhttp://enersens.fr/en/home/silica-aerogel-particles/
Table of ContentsKeynotesDynamic Environment, Adaptive Comfort, and Cognitive Performance (497)Green Infrastructure and Urban Sustainability Recent Advances and Future Challenges (499)Humans and Nature in the Loop (498)Multiphysics Modeling of Materials, Assemblies, Buildings and Cities (496)The Physics in Natural Ventilation of Cities and Buildings (501)
BE-1 Diagnostics and Models for Building PerformanceA state-space based method to predict thermal performance of pipe-embedded double skin façade case study in Guangzhou (115)Computer Tomography as a data acquisition tool for quantifying and modeling in-pore gypsum crystallization in building materials (84)Determination of the input data for computational simulation of active glazing with changeable optical properties (92)Predicting the thermal conductivity of porous building materials with nanopores or reduced gas pressures (80)Rational selection of experimental readouts for hygric material characterisation (197)Towards validation of a numerical model of a test cell laboratory (362)
BE-2 Liquid Water in Buildings and MaterialsAdsorption and film forming of train of water droplets impacting porous stones (373)Application of rain intensity dependent rain admittance factor (RAF) in hygrothermal performance assessment of wall systems (202)Do interface resistances matter in historic masonries - analysis based on X-ray tomography and heat, air and moisture modelling (33)Drainage and retention of water in small wall drainage cavities experimental assessment (253)Rain-tightness of door sill sealing (95)Water uptake in masonry effect of brickmortar interface (216)
BE-3 Innovative Thermal Insulation SystemsAerogel-enhanced blankets state-of-the-art, market readiness and future challenges (106)Hygrothermal analysis of a vapour-open assembly with vacuum insulation panels (440)Measurements of temperature dependency on thermal insulation thickness in ventilated attics (199)Prediction of the long-term performance of vacuum insulation panels installed in real building environments (342)Super insulation material in district heating pipes (187)Super insulation materials in the building sector field studies and future challenges (206)
BE-4 Moisture in Buildings and MaterialsEffect of air pressure on moisture transfer inside porous building materials three-dimensional behavior of moisture and air (116)Evaluation of the impact of phase change humidity control material on energy performance of office buildings (167)Experimental analysis of micro-cracks on the change of moisture transport properties of AAC (37)Moisture monitoring of wood-frame walls with and without exterior insulation in a Midwestern U.S. cold climate (428)Psychrometer method to measure the moisture retention curves of porous building materials in the full humidity range (59)Semi-permeable membrane experiment for unsaturated liquid permeability of building materials potential and practice (58)
BE-5 Ventilation Systems for BuildingsExperimental analysis on a solar air heating façade system (235)Experimental validation of a model for naturally ventilated double-skin facades (465)Hygrothermal assessment of north facing, cold attic spaces under the eaves with varying single sided passive ventilation strategies and infiltration rates, in a cool, temperate climate (223)Hygrothermal performance of sealed attics in climate zone 3A (446)Moisture robustness of eaves solutions for ventilated roofs – experimental studies (331)Thermal performance of novel natural ventilation apertures in a high-performance single-family house (240)
BE-6 Hygrothermal Performance and Mold PreventionApplication of radiant floor heating in large space buildings with significant cold air infiltration through door openings (131)Evaluating the hygrothermal performance of wooden beam heads in 19th century town houses using in-situ measurements (419)Experimental investigations of wooden beam ends in masonry with internal insulation results contrasting three years of the experiment (405)On the hygrothermal behaviour of brick veneer cladded timber frame walls the role of the vapour diffusion resistance of the wind barrier (123)Performance evaluation of a highly insulated wall to withstand mould (208)Renovation with internal insulation and heat recovery in real Life – energy savings and risk of mold growth (93)
BE-7 Energy Retrofits for Building EnvelopesA sustainable approach to the adaptive reuse of historic brick buildings analysis of energy efficiency strategies for historic facade retrofits (433)Experimental investigation of latent heat thermal energy storage for highly glazed apartments in a continental climate (13)Interior insulation retrofit of a brick wall using super insulation materials design of a field testing in an industrial brick building (99)Light transmissibility characterization of a new coating for window retrofit (444)Monitoring and modelling of a prefabricated exterior envelope retrofit (474)Retrofit of the existing buildings using a novel developed aerogel-based coating results from an in-field monitoring (277)
BE-8 High Performance Building Envelope SystemsComparing exterior wall finishes using life-cycle assessment (372)Experimental study of the performance of a double skin façade window under non-solar conditions (65)Hygrothermal performance assessment of wall systems with various concrete and insulation configurations (194)Preparation and thermal performance of diatomite-based composite phase change materials wallboard (175)Study of the mechanical behavior of traditional Japanese mud wall on bamboo lath (272)Thermal stability of lightweight frame partitions exposed to pulsed wind load (41)
BE-9 Innovations in WoodDetermination of lead dust fall rates during deconstruction of wood frame buildings in an urban region in the Northeastern United States. (317)Hygrothermal performance of a hygroscopic and permeable wall assembly impact of a vented wall cavity (468)Improving durability of wooden beam bearings in inside insulated walls by tempering the beam’s heads (407)Sorption hysteresis in wood and its coupling to swelling a new modeling approach (369)The effects of production technologies on the air permeability properties of cross laminated timber (410)Understanding swelling of wood through multiscale modeling (395)
BE-10 Solar Energy Harvesting and ManagementA transparent insulation solar façade coupled with a selective absorber an experimentally validated building energy simulation model (300)Power generation and visual comfort performance of photovoltaic toplighting technologies in transient spaces (255)Solar and lighting transmission in complex fenestration systems with perforated solar protection systems (436)Solar efficiency index of building envelopes and load matching in low energy buildings (215)Study on the design method of integration of roof and photovoltaic based on aesthetics, technology and energy-saving characteristic (130)Thermal performance of PCM-glazing unit under moderate climatic conditions (38)
EC-1 Environmental Control Equipment and SystemsA deep reinforcement learning method for model-based optimal control of HVAC systems (66)Air cooling and dehumidification with a zeolite coated heat exchanger regenerated by solar thermal energy (352)Evaluating the energy consumption and heat loss in the hot water supply and heating systems of a nursing home (177)Extracting radiant cooling from building exhaust air using the Maisotsenko-cycle principle (276)Periodic alternation between intake and exhaust of air in dynamic insulation (328)The energy saving performance of ventilation-heat-recovery system in residential buildings in the summer of hot-summer and cold-winter zone in China (145)
EP-1 Residential Energy Analysis and ManagementCharacterisation of the flexibility potential from space heating in French residential buildings (172)Evaluation of the impact of weather variability on a net zero energy building advantage of sensitivity analysis for performance guarantee (192)Numerical analysis of a ground-source heat pump system in traditional Japanese “Kyo-machiya” dwellings (166)Offsetting peak residential cooling loads using a medium temperature chiller and sensible cold thermal storage (181)Prosumer cluster of single-family houses under the Danish net metering policy (473)Visualizing the quantitative comparison between exergy & energy analysis results with ExFlow (198)
EP-2 Urban Energy Generation, Analysis and ManagementA review of microgrid energy systems (431)Impacts of climate change and its uncertainties on the renewable energy generation and energy demand in urban areas (146)Multi-stage optimal design of energy systems for urban districts (399)Novel gas-driven fuel cell HVAC and dehumidification prototype (244)Optimization of electric vehicle charging in a fully (nearly) electric campus energy system (259)Studying the impact of local urban heat islands on the space cooling demand of buildings using coupled CFD and building energy simulations (386)
GB-1 Environmental Design, Sensing and the Built EnvironmentAn implementation for transforming a home energy management system to a multi-agent system (174)Bioclimatic tools for sustainable design – uncertainty perspective (422)Campus as a lab for computer vision-based heat mapping drones a case study for multiple building envelope inspection using umanned aerial systems (UAS) (285)Optimal control strategies for passive heating and cooling elements reduce loads by two-thirds in the adaptive reuse of a San Francisco Bay Area office (153)Sensing and information technologies for the environment (SITE); hardware and software innovations in mobile sensing applications (430)
GB-2 Green Roofs and VegetationExperimental study on the stomatal resistance of green roof vegetation of semiarid climates for building energy simulations (104)Greening rooftops to reduce heat islands how large is large enough (402)Integrated vegetation model for studying the cooling potential of trees in urban street canyons (338)The use of a large, extensive green roof for multiple research objectives (447)Thermal performance of a green roof based on CHAMPS model and experimental data during cold climatic weather (423)Using rain and vegetation to improve thermal comfort in a hot street canyon with fully-integrated urban climate modeling (376)
GB-3 Urban Microclimates and the Heat Island EffectAn investigate on the quantitative correlation between urban morphology parameters and outdoor ventilation efficiency indices (429)Effect of urban texture on building energy performance (287)New microclimate monitoring method and data process for investigating environmental conditions in complex urban contexts (231)Rapid cooling of urban surfaces during rainfall physical basis, dominant energy fluxes, and sensitivity to pavement and rainfall prop (400)Using advanced urban canopy models to investigate the potential of thermochromic materials as urban heat island mitigation strategies (283)
HF-1 Office BuildingsA picture is worth a thousand words Smartphone photograph-based surveys for collecting data on office occupant adaptive opportunities (81)Benchmarking the energy efficiency of office buildings in Belo Horizonte, Brazil (52)Exploring occupants' impact at different spatial scales (147)Neural network models using thermal sensations and occupants’ behavior for predicting thermal comfort (28)Quantification of building energy performance uncertainty associated with building occupants and operators (148)Towards a new way of capturing occupant well-being (484)
HF-2 Occupant Comfort in Special CasesConserving energy, conserving buildings airtightness testing in historic New England homes (304)Field occupants’ behavior monitoring integrated to prediction models impact on building energy performance (169)Modeling and spatial visualization of indoor micro-climates for personalized thermal comfort (316)Occupants’ perception of historical buildings’ indoor environment. Two case studies. (356)Towards human-centered intelligent envelopes A framework for capturing the holistic effect of smart façades on occupant comfort and satisfaction (466)
HF-3 ResidencesEnergy flexibility of building cluster – part I ccupancy modelling (186)HOUSE project Building understanding through an enabled boundary object (324)Inter-ActiveHouse users driven building performances for nearly zero energy buildings in Mediterranean climateThe influence of window opening habits on the residential energy use in nearly zero energy buildings (74)Utilization of heat recovery ventilation steady-state two-zone energy use analysis and field studies (72)
HF-4 Lighting and Visual QualityApplication of C-SVM classification algorithm to the lighting visual comfort of university classrooms (46)Developing and testing visual privacy metrics (60)Environmental conditions and occupant satisfaction in the workplace a controlled study in a living lab (85)Generating design-sensitive occupant-related schedules for building performance simulations (87)Lighting systems and users interactions in classrooms and laboratory rooms (415)Visual comfort assessment of different shading strategies in a commercial office building in the southeastern US (411)
IE-1 Assessment and AnalysisA method for an effective microclimate management in historical buildings combining monitoring and dynamic simulation the casDescription method of outdoor climate characteristics considering comprehensive effect on indoor climate (469)IEQ measurement and assessment tools for plug-and-play deep renovation in buildings (102)Influence of illumination on paper and silk used in Chinese traditional painting and calligraphy based on Raman spectroscopy in museum (120)The impact of indoor temperature and CO2 levels on occupant thermal perception and cognitive performance of adult students and the implications on buildings (137)Thermal and mycological active protection of historic buildings on the example of the baroque residence of Polish kings in Wilanów (40)
IE-2 Field StudiesClassification of the indoor environment in a high-school building by means of subjective responses (396)Comparison between qualitative and quantitative measurement in assessing thermal comfort in an elementary school (445)Empirical assessment of summertime overheating risk in new, retrofitted and existing UK dwellings (243)Indoor air quality and thermal comfort for elderly residents in Houston, TX – a case study (245)Method for detecting contaminant transport through leakages in a condemned school (195)The impact of physical environments on satisfaction in shopping centers (207)
IE-3 Lighting and WindowsA novel methodology to spatially evaluate DGP classes by means of vertical illuminances. Preliminary results. (471)Comparative study of different design configurations based on the daylight and visual comfort performance of electrochromic glass in a side-lit office building (452)Daylight availability in a room equipped with PCM window (36)Development of an electric-driven smart window model for visual comfort assessment (269)Lighting quality study of shopping malls in China based on the evaluation experiment (88)Thermal performance of an electric-driven smart window experiments in a full-scale test room and simulation model (270)
IE-4 Ventilation and Air ConditioningA novel approach to near-real time monitoring of ventilation rate and indoor air quality in residential houses (249)Design and operational strategies for good indoor air quality in low-energy dwellings performance evaluation of two apartment blocks in East London, UK (162)Effects of semi-open space on micro-environmental control (173)Numerical investigation of a diffuse ventilation ceiling system for buildings with natural and hybrid ventilation (179)Research for the optimization of air conditioner sensor position based on the room spatial parameter (132)The impact of ventilation strategy on overheating resilience and energy performance of schools against climate change the evidence from two UK secondary schools (165)
IE-5 Air Pollution and ControlAnalysis of dynamic variation characteristics and influential factors of PM2.5 on subway platforms under air-conditioning condition and ventilation condition (364)Assessing the performance of photocatalytic oxidation of volatile organic compounds in three different scaled set-ups (363)Fate of particles released by a puff–dispersion with different air distributions (475)Radon levels in rented accommodation (5)
IE-6 Thermal Environment and ControlCondensation-free radiant cooling using infrared-transparent enclosures of chilled panels (463)Experimental study on the impact of passive chilled beam in a room with displacement ventilation (42)Liquid desiccant-polymeric membrane dehumidification system for improved cooling efficiency in built environments (454)Simulation-based approach to optimize courtyard form concerning climatic comfort in hot and humid climate (105)The effect of the position and temperature difference of local radiant asymmetry on thermal comfort an experimental investigation (17)Thermal effect of metal fin inside elevated radiant floor based on the thermal utilization of a burning cave (479)
IM-1 Intelligent Monitoring and Management SystemsImplementation of integrated wireless sensors technology in renovation of social housing buildings. A Danish case study. (7)LightLearn Occupant centered lighting controller using reinforcement learning to adapt systems to humans (34)Sequential Monte Carlo for on-line estimation of the heat loss coefficient (225)The co-heating test as a means to evaluate the efficiency of thermal retrofit measures applied on residential buildings (464)The thermal resistance of retrofitted building components based on in-situ measurements (377)Wireless sensor system for intelligent facades (387)
MS-1 Whole Building, Resilience, and Life Cycle AnalysisA resilient refurbishment project for an Italian large sports hall (490)Dynamic life cycle assessment integrating cultural value (11)Investigation of energy modelling methods of multiple fidelities a case study (427)Optimal passive design strategies for nearly zero-energy dwellings in different Chilean climates using multi-objective genetic algorithms (24)Pareto optimality analysis for evaluating the tradeoff between visual comfort and energy efficiency (384)Passive survivability in residential buildings during heat waves under dynamic exterior conditions (426)
MS-2 Lighting, Daylighting, and Multi-Physics ModelsComparison of daylighting simulation workflows and results using plugins for BIM and 3D Modelling programs application on early phases of design process (310)Existing energy performance and the potential of simulation in school buildings – a review (4)Lighting simulation for external Venetian blinds based on BTDF and HDR sky luminance monitoring (56)Modelling of a naturally ventilated BIPV system for building energy simulations (273)Numerical analysis of the influencing factors on the performance of a pipe-embedded window operated in summer (114)Validation of the EN 151932017 calculation method to estimate the daylight supply in a building comparison with dynamic climate-base (326)
MS-3 Heat and Moisture Transfer in Materials and AssembliesAssessment of cumulative damage of selected building envelopes exposed to various environmental effects (32)Impact of the substrate thermal inertia on the thermal behaviour of an extensive vegetative roof in a semiarid climate (448)New algorithm for water leakages flow through rain screen deficiencies (205)PV-PCM system integrated into a double skin façade. A genetic optimization based study for the PCM type selection. (71)Stochastic modelling of hygrothermal performance of highly insulated wood framed wall (190)Thermal insulation of radon stack systems to avoid freezing (73)
MS-4 Co-simulation and Platforms for Integrated AnalysisA GIS based methodology to support multi-criteria decision making for the retrofitting process of residential buildings (398)A new normative workflow for integrated life-cycle assessment (291)Big-open-real-BIM data model - proof of concept (161)BIM and game engine integration for operational data monitoring in buildings (383)Cross-platform, public domain simulation tools for performing parametric IAQ and energy analysis (380)Optimization of four-primary white LEDs based on protective effect and color quality-a solution for museum illumination (118)
MS-5 Computational Fluid Dynamics and Energy PerformanceAnalytical and experimental investigation on depth and pipe configuration for coaxial borehole heat exchanger (281)Comparison of lattice Boltzmann method and finite volume method of large eddy simulation in isothermal room flow (53)Development of a supermarket prototype building model (232)Improving the representation of convective heat transfer in an urban canopy model (424)Streamlined CFD simulation framework to generate wind-pressure coefficients on building facades for airflow network simulations (358)Unsteady-state exergy analysis on two types of building envelopes under time-varying boundary condition (33)
MS-6 Data Analytics, Model Reduction and CalibrationAchieving faster building energy model optimization through selective zone elimination (86)Comparison of data-driven building energy use models for retrofit impact evaluation (318)Modeling and model calibration for model predictive occupants comfort control in buildings (361)Neural networks to predict the hygrothermal response of building components in a probabilistic framework (91)Optimization of night cooling of commercial premises using genetic algorithms and neural networks (49)Use of calibrated building simulation to investigate comfort conditions in a healthcare facility (303)
MS-7 Material Characterization and Model ParametersAn experimental and modelling study on the adsorption characteristics of activated carbon under different challenge concentration levels (229)Development of a procedure for estimating the parameters of mechanistic emission source models from chamber testing data (308)Evaluation of the physical interpretability of calibrated building model parameters (248)Field experimental investigation of temperature, humidity and solar radiation impacts on formaldehyde emissions from interior furnish material (particle board): a preliminary study (261)Study on improving the surface wet condition of subfloor by hygroscopic material in rural residences of China (260)The application of computed tomography for characterising the pore structure of building materials (83)
MS-8 Building Enclosure DesignA dynamic thermal network model applied to ventilated attics (27)A holistic decision support tool for facade design (413)Considerations on the thermal modeling of insulated metal panel systems (309)Numerical thermal model of a double-glazed window filled with phase change materials (438)On the compliance of thermal performance requirements for highly insulated building units (238)The effect of ambient moisture conditions on heat flux time shift and decrement factor of multi-layered walls (392)
PE-1 Economic and Policy Aspects of Green BuildingsConceptual framework for improved management of risks and uncertainties associated with the performance of the building enclosure (57)Effect of economic indicators on cost-optimal energy performance levels of residential building retrofits in the Mediterranean region of Turkey (347)Evaluation of efficiency and renewable energy measures considering the future energy mix (274)Optimization of government subsidization strategies for building stock energy refurbishment (357)Techno economic analysis of individual building renovation roadmaps as an instrument to achieve national energy performance targets (233)The impact of an energy efficiency regulation in northern Canada (107)
PS Poster SessionA comparison of model order reduction methods for the simulation of wall heat transfer (70)A framework for comfort assessment in buildings and districts retrofit process (101)A rain simulator to examine green roof and soil moisture sensor performance (417)A study on natural lighting design strategies for teaching buildings in hot-summer and cold-winter zone of china—a case of the Arts and Sciences building of Xinyang Normal University (133)Analysis of thermal bridges in insulated masonry walls a comparison between vacuum insulated panels and expanded polystyrene (307)Application of PCM-to-air heat exchanger for free cooling applications (289)Assessment of the BIPV potential at the city of Prague and their effect on the built environment (333)Bio-inspired outdoor systems for enhancing citizens thermal comfort in public spaces by learning from nature (219)Building information modeling (BIM) implementation for sustainability analysis a mega airport project case study (492)Chemical analysis of precipitation and stormwater runoff from a large green roof (453)Computational evaluation of the thermal performance of underground bunkers the case of Albania (150)Criteria for identifying failure optimization algorithms in building energy optimization and case studies (90)Effects of gaseous pollution and thermal conditions on the corrosion rates of copper and silver in data center environment a literature review (257)Elaboration of the decision space for an optimization of building retrofit (336)Energy flow through the Onondaga County Convention Center green roof (313)Estimating time constants for over 10,000 residential buildings in North America towards a statistical characterization of thermal dynamics (134)Experimental investigation of the impact of PCM containment on indoor temperature variations (470)Hygrothermal modelling of building enclosures reference year design for moisture accumulation and condensation risk assessment (211)Hygrothermal performance of historic massive wall when is 2D simulation necessary (239)Innovative composite materials with enhanced acoustic, thermal, and optical performance for urban pavements experimental characterization (230)Intrinsic evaporative cooling and weather-responsive natural ventilation for adaptive thermal comfort in tropical buildings (155)Long term measurements and HAM modelling of an interior insulation solution for an office building in cold climate (220)New technology creates new lightscape (39)Optical performance of polycarbonate multi-wall panels in the form of transparent insulation based on long-term outdoor measurements (406)Preliminary monitoring results of ventilated heavyweight building envelope from recycled aggregate (98)Review of the sky temperature and solar decomposition, and their impact on thermal modeling (458)Roof windows for passive houses – what can be improved (182)Sensitivity analysis using the SWMM LID control for an extensive green roof in Syracuse, NY (149)Simulation of building physics for beginning design students (442)Study on multivariate regression model of indoor and outdoor particulate pollution in severe cold area of China (26)The design, construction and commissioning of a small scale dynamic calibrated hot box (241)The effect of human walking on distribution characteristics of indoor particulate matter (67)Thermal performance analysis of traditional housing in Albania (94)Uncertainty in building energy performance characterization impact of gas consumption decomposition on estimated heat loss coefficient (371)Ventilation potential assessments for residential building arrangements based on exceedance probability analysis (157)
Author Index
