Process and Plant Engineering Experimental Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Plant CFBC 100 For Research and Teaching Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) contracted the Fraunhofer IFF to engineer and construct a circulating fluidized bed combustion plant (CFBC). The plant is intended to support both the academic training of engineers and scientific research. Research will emphasize the transfer of knowledge about CFBC technology as well as the testing of burn-off and emissions characteristics of solid fuels in CFBC. Apart from fossil fuels, biomass (rice husks, wood, reeds) is particularly interesting. The plant has the following parameters: − 50 kW of thermal power, − 100 mm bed diameter, − 7 m high combustion chamber, − 150 Nm³/h primary volumetric flow, − 80 Nm³/h secondary volumetric flow. By varying the fuel metering system, the reactor can be charged with fuels with different characteristics, e.g. size, lumpiness, shape and homogeneity, and at a mass flow of 6-10kg/h. From top to bottom, the reactor maintains a nearly constant temperature of up to 900 °C. Thus, little NO x forms and ash is prevented from fusing. Flue gas Bed material Q 1 0,05 m Bed ash (coarse) TIR 12 WÜ TIR 11 WÜ TIR 9 FG_out Q 6 FG_out TIR 3 0,10 m Fuel M Q 2 0,80 m TIR 5 2,00 m TIR 6 4,30 m TIR 8 6,95 m TIR 10 RL 1" 1" 1" 1" 1" Cooling water PDIR 2 -0,10 m 0,05 m PDIR 3 0,35 m 0,75 m 7,00 m PDIR 4 1,25 m PDIR 5 2,25 m PDIR 6 4,20 m PDIR 7 PDIR 8 3,70 m 4,40 m 5,40 m Q 4 4,20 m 1" TIRC 1 AP 1 TIRC 2 AP 2 1. Letter 2. Letter P Pressure I Indicator T Temperature R Register F Flow C Control Q Quality D Difference Q 3 2,50 m 1" Q 5 6,80 m 1" TIR 7 5,50 m TIR 4 1,00 m 0,00 m Hot air Air PIR 1 FI 4 IG RL FI 6 Siphon 2 FI 5 Siphon 1 FI 3 IG Ri FIR 2 Sec air FIR 1 Pri air Air FIR 7 Pri air 4 bar 0,3 bar AP Air preheater IG Inspection glas FG Flue gas RL Return leg Ri Riser The circulating fluidized bed reactor is equipped with extensive metrology, e.g. volumetric flowmeter, thermocouples and pressure sensors. A programmable controller (PLC) displays and stores every measured value. In addition, the PLC can be used to set diverse process parameters such as the quantity of infed air or the air temperature.
Transcript
Process and Plant Engineering Experimental Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Plant CFBC 100 For Research and Teaching
Hanoi University of Technology (HUT) contracted the Fraunhofer IFF to engineer and construct a circulating fluidized bed combustion plant (CFBC). The plant is intended to support both the academic training of engineers and scientific research. Research will emphasize the transfer of knowledge about CFBC technology as well as the testing of burn-off and emissions characteristics of solid fuels in CFBC. Apart from fossil fuels, biomass (rice husks, wood, reeds) is particularly interesting. The plant has the following parameters: − 50 kW of thermal power, − 100 mm bed diameter, − 7 m high combustion chamber, − 150 Nm³/h primary volumetric flow, − 80 Nm³/h secondary volumetric
flow. By varying the fuel metering system, the reactor can be charged with fuels with different characteristics, e.g. size, lumpiness, shape and homogeneity, and at a mass flow of 6-10kg/h.
From top to bottom, the reactor maintains a nearly constant temperature of up to 900 °C. Thus, little NOx forms and ash is prevented from fusing.
Flue gas
Bed material
Q 10,05 m
Bed ash(coarse)
TIR 12WÜ
TIR 11WÜ
TIR 9FG_out
Q 6FG_out
TIR 30,10 m
Fuel
M
Q 20,80 m
TIR 52,00 m
TIR 64,30 m
TIR 86,95 m
TIR 10RL
1"
1"
1"
1"
1"
Cooling water
PDIR 2
-0,10 m
0,05 m
PDIR 3
0,35 m
0,75 m
7,00 m
PDIR 4
1,25 m
PDIR 5
2,25 m
PDIR 6
4,20 m
PDIR 7
PDIR 8
3,70 m
4,40 m
5,40 m
Q 44,20 m1"
TIRC 1AP 1
TIRC 2AP 2
1. Letter 2. Letter
P Pressure I IndicatorT Temperature R RegisterF Flow C ControlQ Quality D Difference
Q 32,50 m1"
Q 56,80 m1"
TIR 75,50 m
TIR 41,00 m
0,00 m
Hot air
Air
PIR 1
FI 4IG RL
FI 6Siphon 2
FI 5Siphon 1
FI 3IG Ri
FIR 2Sec air
FIR 1Pri air
Air
FIR 7Pri air
4 ba
r
0,3 bar
AP Air preheaterIG Inspection glasFG Flue gasRL Return legRi Riser
The circulating fluidized bed reactor is equipped with extensive metrology, e.g. volumetric flowmeter, thermocouples and pressure sensors. A programmable controller (PLC) displays and stores every measured value. In addition, the PLC can be used to set diverse process parameters such as the quantity of infed air or the air temperature.
Experimental Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion Plant
CFBC 100
In cooperation with Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, the Fraunhofer IFF operates an experimental circulating fluidized bed combustion plant to study the combustion and emission behavior of standard fuels, biofuels and wastes. The experimental plant�s technical parameters are:
─ 100 mm inner diameter in bed region,
─ 7 m total furnace height, ─ 60 kW thermal power.
The experimental plant is connected with a gas measuring system, which allows automatic sampling, conditioning and measuring of O2, CO2, CO, H2O, SO2, NO, NO2 N2O, HCl and unburned hydrocarbons in flue gas. It also has solid electrolyte probes for in situ measurement of oxygen in hot furnaces as well as a dust collecting system.
The combustion and emission behavior of the following fuels and wastes have been tested in projects:
─ anthracite,─ raw and dry lignite,─ wood (sawdust, scrap wood),─ straw, hay and other herbaceous
biofuels,─ china reed,─ sewage sludge,─ fuel derived from waste,─ paper rejects,─ rubber scrap and─ different fuel mixtures.
wal
l hea
ter
isol
atio
n
air
feed point(rotaryfeeder)
airpreheater
siphon air
flue gas
coolingair
PD T
Q
gas analysis
feed point(screw feeder)
siphon
cyclone
coolingair
coolingair
Rice as a source of electricityRice yields an abundance of biowaste: Husks make up around one quarter of the weight. Only asmall fraction of this is utilized, for instance, to fire distillery furnaces. Researchers at HanoiUniversity of Technology now also want to use rice husks to generate electricity.
Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF in Magdeburgengineered a fluidized bed firing system to do this.
Fluidized bed firing systems are state-of-the-art in Germany but predominantly burn coal. Researchers ofthis technology also want to utilize them in the future for biomass. “Simply put, such systems consist of avertical pipe with an air distribution plate,” explains Dr. Eyck Schotte, who oversaw the engineering of theVietnamese fluidized bed firing system. “The air distribution plate is covered by a bed material, usuallyquartz sand, mixed with the fuel. As the gas flows through the nozzles, it entrains the bed material with thecombustible material to the top where the fuel is converted.”
New fuel is gradually fed into the fluidized bed from the side. Since the temperature in this method isapproximately equal in the entire pipe, temperature peaks are not produced that would release particularlylarge amounts of emissions.
Not all biomass is the same however. Straw burns differently than wood and in turn differently than riceresidues. Hence the German researchers implemented the principle of fluidized bed firing for theircolleagues in Hanoi in such a way that they can test various fuels’ combustion behavior. “For instance, wecan replace the conveying screws that convey other fuels into the combustion chamber and thus continuallyfeed both coarse rice husks and fine coal dust into the combustion chamber,” says Schotte.
The circulating fluidized bed is equipped with extensive metrology such as a volumetric flowmeter,thermocouples and pressure sensors. A programmable logic controller displays and stores every measuredvalue, thus enabling the researchers to directly monitor the combustion process and precisely analyze itafterward. The PLC can also regulate the quantity of air fed in or its temperature. Vietnamese engineerswill be testing the extent to which energy can be recovered from rice residues and whether they can bemixed with fossil fuels such as coal.
Source: Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft
This document is subject to copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study, research, no part
may be reproduced without the written permission. The content is provided for information purposes only.
Original story at www.physorg.com/news83341901.html Page 1/1
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Biomassa da palha de arroz será usado para geração de eletricidade Da redação
02/01/2007
Além de ser um dos alimentos mais consumidos no mundo todo, o arroz é também uma fonte excepcional de biomassa: sua casca, que hoje é quase inteiramente descartada, representa 25% do peso de todo o material colhido. Agora, cientistas desenvolveram uma técnica de alto desempenho para transformar essa casca de arroz em eletricidade.
Pesquisadores da Universidade de Hanoi, Vietnã, e do Instituto Fraunhofer, Alemanha, desenvolveram um sistema de queima de leito fluidizado que efetua a queima da casca de arroz com grande aproveitamento do seu poder calorífico, elevando seu rendimento a um ponto que viabiliza sua utilização para geração de energia elétrica.
Sistemas de queima de leito fluidizado são uma das técnicas estado-da-arte na queima de carvão. De maneira simplificada, um sistema desses consiste em um tubo vertical com uma placa de distribuição de ar. "A placa de distribuição de ar é recoberta por um material de fundo - a "cama", - normalmente quartzo e areia, misturado com o combustível. À medida em que o gas flui através dos bicos, ele entra no material da cama, sobre o qual vem o combustível, onde ele é convertido," explica o engenheiro Eyck Schotte.
Mas cada biomassa tem sua própria característica de queima. A palha de arroz queima de forma diferente da madeira. Para estudar essas características e definir os melhores critérios para a queima, os engenheiros construíram um protótipo de forno de leito fluidizado equipado com medidores de fluxo volumétrico, termopares e sensores de pressão.
Agora eles vão testar a queima de vários tipos de palha de arroz, in natura e compactados em vários formatos e sob diversas pressões, para definir qual é a melhor configuração para que a biomassa do arroz possa ser convertida em eletricidade da forma mais eficiente possível.
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Seite 1 von 2Biomassa da palha de arroz será usado para geração de eletricidade
Rice is Asia’s staple food. Every grain processed generates biowaste: A quarter of the weight consists of husks that have to be separated. Yet these can be used, for example, to supply Vietnam with power.
Rice yields an abundance of biowaste: Husks make up around one quarter of the weight. Only a small fraction of this is utilized, for instance, to fire distillery furnaces. Researchers at Hanoi University of Technology now also want to use rice husks to generate electricity. Researchers from the Fraunhofer Institute for Factory Operation and Automation IFF in Magdeburg engineered a fluidized bed firing system to do this. Fluidized bed firing systems are state-of-the-art in Germany but predominantly burn coal. Researchers of this technology also want to utilize them in the future for biomass. “Simply put, such systems consist of a vertical pipe with an air distribution plate,” explains Dr. Eyck Schotte, who oversaw the engineering of the Vietnamese fluidized bed firing system. “The air distribution plate is covered by a bed material, usually quartz sand, mixed with the fuel. As the gas flows through the nozzles, it entrains the bed material with the combustible material to the top where the fuel is converted.” New fuel is gradually fed into the fluidized bed from the side. Since the temperature in this method is approximately equal in the entire pipe, temperature peaks are not produced that would release particularly large amounts of emissions. Not all biomass is the same however. Straw burns differently than wood and
Seite 1 von 2Young Germany: Rice as a source of electricity
in turn differently than rice residues. Hence the German researchers implemented the principle of fluidized bed firing for their colleagues in Hanoi in such a way that they can test various fuels’ combustion behavior. “For instance, we can replace the conveying screws that convey other fuels into the combustion chamber and thus continually feed both coarse rice husks and fine coal dust into the combustion chamber,” says Schotte. The circulating fluidized bed is equipped with extensive metrology such as a volumetric flowmeter, thermocouples and pressure sensors. A programmable logic controller displays and stores every measured value, thus enabling the researchers to directly monitor the combustion process and precisely analyze it afterward. The PLC can also regulate the quantity of air fed in or its temperature. Vietnamese engineers will be testing the extent to which energy can be recovered from rice residues and whether they can be mixed with fossil fuels such as coal.
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Seite 2 von 2Young Germany: Rice as a source of electricity
