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8/6/2019 Process Models II
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Software Process Models II
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Unified Process Model
Object-oriented
Use-case driven
Architecture-centric Iterative and Incremental
Combines the best features of Rumbugh, Boochand Jacobson's methods
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
UPM Phases
Inception
Elaboration
Construction Transition
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Agile Models Agile: Quick, Active
Adaptability to change
Basic Principles & Values
Individuals and interactions over processes and tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
while there is value in the items on the right, agile value the items on the leftmore
Basic characteristics
Light-weight
Short development cycle
Incremental
Feedback-oriented
Agile is not adhoc
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Key Assumptions
It is difficult to predict in advance whichrequirements will persist and which will change and so are customer priorities
For many types of software, design andconstructionis interleaved (constructionis usedto prove the design)
Analysis, design, construction and testing arenot as predictable as we might like
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Agile Manifesto
Customer satisfactionby rapid delivery of useful software
Welcome changing requirements, even late in development
Working software is delivered frequently (weeks rather than months)
Working software is the principal measure of progress
Sustainable development, able to maintain a constant pace
Close, daily co-operationbetweenbusiness people and developers
Face-to-face conversationis the best form of communication (co-location)
Projects are built around motivated individuals, who should be trusted
Continuous attention to technical excellence and good design
Simplicity
Self-organizing teams
Regular adaptation to changing circumstances
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Extreme Programming
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Key XP Practices
User-stories
CRC cards & Spike Prototypes
Refactoring Improving the design of existing code
Pair Programming
Test first approach
Write unit tests before writing the code
Automated tools and test suites
Pair Programming Example(taken from Wikipedia)
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
SCRUM
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Key Features of SCRUM
More of a management methodology than anengineering methodology
Canbe applied to other areas as well not just
software development
Doesn't prescribe any specific techniques forsoftware engineering
User-stories may be used for requirements
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
OtherAgile Models
ASD
Dynamic Systems Development
Feature Driven Development Crystal
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Factors forAgile Success
Competence
Common Focus
Deliver working increments to customers Collaboration
Decision-making ability
Fuzzy Problem-solving ability Continually deal with ambiguity
Mutual trust and respect
Self-organization
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Farooq Ahmed, FAST-NU, Lahore
Problems with Agile
Generally suitable for small projects with small teams(< 10 co-located resources)
Customer collaborationis v.important. If customerscannot collaborate, dont use this
Generally works with experienced programmers A mentor experienced in agile methodology is a must Useful in an environment where requirements may
change v. frequently Financial forecasting is difficult to acheive, because of
lack of a definitive plan
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concerned or dealing with a specific subject, purpose, or end.
a committee formed ad hoc to deal with the issue.
Point to Take-away
Agile is not adhoc