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Product / Service CharacteristicsFeaturesQuality is the totality of features and characteristics of a Product or Service that bear on its ability to satisfy stated needsSatisfy needs?YesQuality Product/Service Not QualityProduct / Service NoAccording to ISO 8402:
According to the previous definition of QualityNo such thing named Process Quality!!!!
Reason:Product is tangibleBut Process is intangible
The process has to be made tangible
Base the process on a Standard or ModelThe standard/model conformance may be assessedBut How?
Every activity in an organization has a defined start and finish.Start time and Finish time cab be measuredThe process evolution is as good as the underlying model used
Various Organization have tried to provide the model for process
International Standards Organization : ISO 9001Software Engineering Institute: Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
Europe ISO 9001United States Capability Maturity ModelExample:Example
The achievement of high qualityAdequate predefined production processQuality Management Standard
Depend on QMSDepend on processThe attempt of Standard is to ensure the capability and commitment of organizations to produce high quality.
The leading international QMS for software development is the ISOs generic Quality System system series of standard
The series is ISO 9000-9004
ISO 9000 series normally means ISO 9001
InputInformationDataMeasureVerify/AuditWork & ImproviseImplementAdaptationKnowledgeOutputPDCA (PLAN, DO, CHECK, ACT) cycle
ISO 9000-3 provides the guideline for the application of ISO 9001 to theDevelopment SupplyMaintenance of SoftwareOther supporting activities
To do this ISO 9000-3 includes subsection onManagementQuality SystemInternal AuditsCorrective Actions
A number of plan required by the standardA development planA quality planA test planA maintenance plan
Configuration ManagementDocument ControlMaintenance of Quality RecordsProcess and Product MeasurementAdoption of rules, practices and conventionsUse of tools and techniquesPurchasingProcedures for included softwareTraining
TickIT ProjectTickIT project fully reproduce the ISO 9000-3TickIT is about improving the quality ofSoftwareits application
The purpose of TickIT is to stimulate developers to think about:What quality really is in the context of the processes for software development?How quality may be achievedHow QMS may be continuously improved
ISO was designed for 2 partiesPurchaserSupplier
ISO also used to assess the production process nowadays
The use of ISO 9001 inevitably leads to the manufacture of quality products.
PurchaserSupplierISO 9001
QMS do not rigidly define the development processTheir successful implementation is dependant onStrict adherenceGood workmanshipProgramming practicesCoding guidelinesGUI standardetc.
For evaluating product quality through certification dependent on availability of a process certification
Influenced byProduct CertificatesWidely RecognizedProcess Certificates
Example:An organization may make unwilling to decide for product certification for every product because.
Process certificate is cheap and available
Process certificate may cover a number of software
Process certificate may reduce the certification costs of different releases of the same product
Product certificate for each product is costly
The SEI is a federally funded R&D laboratory based on Carnegie Mellon University, USA
It has developed a model for software development process named Capability Maturity Model (CMM)
The model is used as the basis for process improvement and evaluation
All documents relating to this can be download from http://www.sei.cmu.edu
Capability Maturity Model
Capability Maturity Model
Maturity LevelQuantitatively ManagedOptimizingDefinedManagedInitial12345Processes are unpredictable, poorly controlled & reactiveProcesses are characterized for projects and actions are often reactiveProcesses are characterized for the organization and is proactiveProcesses are both measured and controlledProcesses improvement is a continuous focus
1. Commitment to perform 2. Ability to perform 3. Activities to perform 4. Measurement and Analysis 5. Verifying implementation Key Process FeaturesThe practices that describe key process are grouped into the following common features
For more information about CMMGo to CMM Websitehttp://www.sei.cmu.edu/cmmi/http://seir.sei.cmu.edu/Contact SEI Customer RelationsCustomer Relation Software Engineering InstituteCarnegie Mellon UniversityPittsburg, PA 15213-3890FAX: (412) 268-5800
ConclusionIn this presentation, we have given insight into Product Quality compare to Process Quality.
Because, This is the foundation for discussion software metrics and measurement.
If an assessment of the development process is to be a factor of evaluation and certification of a software then
We need to establish some quantitative criteria as to the value of process in relation to the product qualityHowever, to the best of authors knowledge, no such direct relationship exists.
It is assume that a well managed and disciplined software development process leads to a superior quality product
In practical, in industry, a good process does not provide any guarantee of quality. Especially If the process does not enforce good workmanship or adherence to well-defined software development standard.
On the other hand, it is also true that a bad process is likely to endanger good product quality. For example,Lack of well defined and practiced process for peer review and inspection
IntroductionSoftware System EvolutionProduct Quality Software Attributes Classification of Software Application Attributes Models for Software Product Quality McCalls Factor-Criteria-Metric Model The ISO 9126 Standard Quality Model Other Model for Software Product Quality Process Quality ISO 9001 Quality Management for Process Quality Framework Role of ISO 9001 in Evaluation of a software product Maturity Models for Process QualitySummery
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