processes
process identifier (PID)
PID 0: spawns the ‘guts’ of the kernel
init system (/sbin/init)
memory management system (swap)
thread management system (kthreadd)
etc.
new PIDs are created for each process
maximum of 32,768 on Ubuntu (signed 16 bit int)
PIDs are recycled
process tools
ps lists active processes
top shows processor and memory usage
kill x politely (or not) ends process x
x & runs command x in the background
wait waits for background task(s) to end
nice -n x y sets processor priority x for command y
renice -n x y changes processor priority x for process y
nohup x continues to run command x after logout
./x runs command x
parallel computing
processing with multiple ‘independent’ threads
master/slave architecture
slaves have shared and independent resources
user–level stand–alone architecture
threads have shared and independent resources
requires explicit thread creation/destruction
program–level (i.e. the programmer did all the work)
user–level
user–level parallel computing
GNU parallel
creates parallel threads from input and/or shell loops
not ‘standard’ in most LINUX environments
a Perl script
xargs
the original: ‘standard’ in POSIX environments
creates parallel threads from inputls x/ | xargs -I % -P $(nproc) bash -c 'xz -cd x/% > y/%'
tail -n 1 x | wc -c | xargs -I {} truncate x -s -{}
embarrassing parallel
very common
the same task(s) to be carried out on many files/lines/etc.
each file/line/etc. can be processed independently
results may, or may not, be combined at the end
e.g. bootstrap/jackknife analysis
a perfect use for xargs
time is approximately 1/nproc
high–performance computing
processing with multiple ‘independent’ computers
connected via a network
often have shared drives
sometimes have shared memory
master/slave architecture
requires a job scheduler
control the starting/stopping/running of jobs
control resource use
(accounting of resource use)
job schedulers…
Portable Batch System (PBS)
originally developed for ‘NASA’ (starting in 1991)
OpenPBS released in 1998
TORQUE
an extension of OpenPBS
released in 2003
more fault tolerant than PBS
…job schedulers…
Load Sharing Facility (LSF)
developed by Platform Computing (now part of IBM)
OpenLava (open source version) released in 2007
IBM sued to prevent OpenLava distribution
Sun Grid Engine (SGE; now Univa Grid Engine)
development started in 1993 (CODINE)
versions released 2001–2010 are open source
modern open source derivative: Son of Grid Engine
…job schedulers
HTCondor
open source, University of Wisconsin (Madison)
can be used for ‘cycle scavenging’ (moving jobs around)
includes power management features
includes features for job resizing and job moving
Simple Linux Utility for Resource Management (SLURM)
open source, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
includes power management features
includes features for job resizing
important HTCondor tools
condor_status shows available compute resources
condor_submit submits jobs to the queue
condor_q shows job queue status
condor_rm removes jobs from the queue
basic HTCondor syntax
universe = vanilla | java | docker
request_cpus = x
request_memory = x
executable = x
transfer_input_files = files,needed,to,run
should_transfer_files = YES
when_to_transfer_output = ON_EXIT
arguments = x y z
queue
And now for something completely different…
databases
tools for (electronic) information storage and retrieval
analogue: reference books, herbarium, card index
electronic: text files, spreadsheets, specialized programs
the heart of bioinformatics
complex questions demand well–designed and curated databases
consistent data representation
highly atomized data
(fully) descriptive of the studied phenomenon
Phillips, E. W. J. 1941. The identification of coniferous woods by their microscopic structure. The Journal of the Linnean Society of London, Botany 52: 259–320.
database types
simple table (flat file)columns specifying fields, one row for each record
hash(two column) simple table(s); unique key for each value
object orientedeach record stored as an object (sensu programming)
relational tablea collection of simple tables with common fields linked among tables
simple table (flat file)
familiar data structure (e.g. a spreadsheet) one item/event/concept and its attributes
analyses are done directly on the data filesort, find, sum, count, etc.
often there are repeated data elementserrors are more commoneffort is required to standardize and correct data
cannot (easily) represent all datainapplicable, missing, polymorphic entries are problematic
simple table (flat file)
attribute0 attribute1 attribute2
record0 0 1 1
record1 0 0 1
record2 0 0 0
record3 1 1 0
(distributed) hash
(distributed) key/value stores
usually very fast computationally (all data held in RAM)
works with big data (distribute to multiple computers)
can only (efficiently) represent some relationships:
e.g. x => y; y => z; but not z => y
therefore, (most) queries must be defined before building the database
used for large web databases (e.g. Facebook, Google)
open source highlights: UTHash, Voldemort, F14
hashkey value
(attribute0)
record0 0
record1 0
record2 0
record3 1
key value (attribute1)
record0 1
record1 0
record2 0
record3 1
hashkey value (attribute0/attribute1/attribute2)
record0 0/1/1
record1 0/0/1
record2 0/0/0
record3 1/1/0
object oriented
programming ‘objects’
defined properties and data types (fields)
can have many of the same type of object
populated with different values
can represent any data/relationship
‘faster’ for many types of searches
some use SQL or ‘SQL–like’ queries
open source highlights: C2, Perst, Texpress
object orientedrecord0 { attribute0 = 0 attribute1 = 1 attribute2 = 1
} record1 { attribute0 = 0 attribute1 = 0 attribute2 = 1
}
record2 { attribute0 = 0 attribute1 = 0 attribute2 = 0
} record3 { attribute0 = 1 attribute1 = 1 attribute2 = 0
}
relational table...
a collection of simple tables with common fields linked among tables
use unique ‘ID’ fields that are not (usually) seen in the final output to relate data elements
for example:
authorsTable (authorID, firstName, lastName, etc.)
publicationTable (publicationID, title, journal, year, etc.)
authorshipTable (authorshipID, authorID, publicationID)
...relational table...
relational tables can reflect ...linear relationships
one–to–one
x <=> y <=> z
authorsTable (authorID, firstName, lastName, etc.)
x => y => z
publicationTable (publicationID, title, journal, year, etc.)
authorshipTable (authorshipID, authorID, publicationID)
x <=> y => z
...relational table...
relational tables can reflect ...polymorphic relationships
x => y || z
authorsTable (authorID, firstName, lastName, etc.)
publicationTable (publicationID, title, journal, year, etc.)
authorshipTable (authorshipID, authorID, publicationID)
...relational table...
relational tables can reflect ...hierarchical relationships
one to many
((((x y) (z a)) b) c)
locationTable (locationID, name, parentID)
...relational table...
relational tables can reflect ...complex networks
many to many
((x y) z) <=> (a (b c)); (x y z) <=> (a b c)
locationTable (locationID, name, parentID, childID)
...relational table...
almost all analyses require a query
queries construct simple tables with specific purpose(s)
rows maybe mostly repeated (e.g. polymorphism)
table structure has (almost) no repeated data elements
errors are less frequent
easy to standardize and correct data
data are ‘compressed’
can represent any pattern of relationship
some queries may difficult for some data structures
relational table...
Codd, E. F. 1970. A relational model of data for large shared data banks. Communications of the ACM [Association for Computing Machinery] 13: 377–387.
System R (IBM)
introduced SQL (Structured Query Language)
first sold to Pratt & Whitney (1977)
proprietary highlights: DB2 (IBM), MaxDB (SAP), Oracle (Oracle), SQL Server (Microsoft)
open source highlights: MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite
generated by SchemaCrawler 14.10.01generated on 2016-09-16 19:25:36
database version MySQL 5.7.15-0ubuntu0.16.04.1driver version MySQL Connector Java mysql-connector-java-6.0.3 ( Revision: 9fb85a76ccb7506157e668f1516464a46e317d4a )
Monographia.CharacterTypes [table]CharacterTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCharacterType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Characters [table]CharacterID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCharacterType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Characters_ibfk_1
Monographia.Users [table]UserID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedGivenName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLMiddleName VARCHAR(255)FamilyName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLScreenName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNEDEmail VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLInstitution VARCHAR(255)Country SMALLINT UNSIGNEDSalt CHAR(128) NOT NULLPassword CHAR(128) NOT NULLPasswordExpiration DATETIME NOT NULLStatus TINYINT UNSIGNEDLastLogin DATETIMELastFailedLogin DATETIMEFailedLogins INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLFailedMagicStrings INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLastProject MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDDateCreated DATE`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Characters_ibfk_3
Characters_ibfk_2
Monographia.Languages [table]LanguageID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Language` VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLISOCode VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Users_ibfk_1
Monographia.Projects [table]ProjectID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLNomenclaturalCode TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLCITES TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAquatic TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTerrestrial TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLStatus TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Users_ibfk_2
Monographia.ClimateData [table]ClimateDatumID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedGrid MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Month` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLALBDO DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLCDUVB DECIMAL(4, 3) NOT NULLCNWAT DECIMAL(2, 1) NOT NULLCPRAT DECIMAL(8, 7) NOT NULLCRAIN TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLCWORK SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDLWRF DECIMAL(7, 4) NOT NULLDSWRF DECIMAL(7, 4) NOT NULLDSWRFN DECIMAL(7, 4) NOT NULLDUVB DECIMAL(4, 3) NOT NULLFRICV DECIMAL(5, 4) NOT NULLGFLUX MEDIUMINT NOT NULLHGT DECIMAL(7, 3) NOT NULLHPBL DECIMAL(5, 1) NOT NULLICEC TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLICETK DECIMAL(4, 3) NOT NULLLHTFL DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLPEVPR DECIMAL(5, 1) NOT NULLPRATE DECIMAL(8, 7) NOT NULLPRES MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESCB MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESCT MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESHB SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESHT SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESLB MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESLT MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESMB MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPRESMT SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPWAT DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLSFEXC DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSHTFL DECIMAL(4, 3) NOT NULLSNOD DECIMAL(7, 6) NOT NULLSNOHF DECIMAL(4, 3) NOT NULLSNOWC DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLSOILL01 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILL04 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILL1 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILL2 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILM DECIMAL(9, 5) NOT NULLSOILW01 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILW04 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILW1 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSOILW2 DECIMAL(6, 5) NOT NULLSPFH DECIMAL(9, 8) NOT NULLSSRUN DECIMAL(7, 5) NOT NULLTCDC DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLTCDCB DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLTCDCC DECIMAL(3, 1) NOT NULLTCDCH DECIMAL(3, 1) NOT NULLTCDCL DECIMAL(3, 1) NOT NULLTCDCM DECIMAL(3, 1) NOT NULLTMAX DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMIN DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMP DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMP01 DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMP04 DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMP1 DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMP2 DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMPH DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMPL DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMPM DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLTMPx2 DECIMAL(4, 2) NOT NULLUGWD DECIMAL(7, 6) NOT NULLUFLX DECIMAL(5, 4) NOT NULLUGRD DECIMAL(5, 3) NOT NULLULWRF DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLULWRFT DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLUSWRF DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLUSWRFT DECIMAL(4, 1) NOT NULLVGWD DECIMAL(5, 3) NOT NULLVFLX DECIMAL(5, 4) NOT NULLVGRD DECIMAL(5, 3) NOT NULLWATR DECIMAL(7, 5) NOT NULLWEASD DECIMAL(7, 4) NOT NULL
Monographia.ClimateGrids [table]ClimateGridID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedGrid GEOMETRY NOT NULLGridHash CHAR(128) NOT NULL
ClimateData_ibfk_1
Monographia.DataTypes [table]DataTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDataType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.PublicationSubscriptions [table]PublicationSubscriptionID BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSubscriptionSource SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSubscriptionType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDataType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLocalRecord INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSubscribedRecord INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLastUpdated TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
PublicationSubscriptions_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.SubscriptionSources [table]SubscriptionSourceID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedURLHash CHAR(128) NOT NULLURL VARCHAR(2048) NOT NULLServerName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLProject MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
PublicationSubscriptions_ibfk_1
Monographia.SubscriptionTypes [table]SubscriptionTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSubscriptionType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
PublicationSubscriptions_ibfk_2
Monographia.ProjectDescriptions [table]ProjectDescriptionID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedProject MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescription VARCHAR(8192)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL Monographia.Scopes [table]
ScopeID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL auto-incremented
Project MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Constraint` VARCHAR(255)TerminalConstraint MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDGeographicConstraint GEOMETRY`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Monographia.DynamicContentTypes [table]DynamicContentTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDynamicContentType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.DynamicContents [table]DynamicContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDynamicContentType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPublish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
DynamicContents_ibfk_3
DynamicContents_ibfk_2
DynamicContents_ibfk_1
Monographia.Features [table]FeatureID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedFeature VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLDescription VARCHAR(255)
Monographia.Places [table]PlaceID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCoordinates GEOMETRY NOT NULLFeature SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLElevation SMALLINT UNSIGNEDPopulation INT UNSIGNEDADM TINYINTOSMID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOSMwayID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLModificationDate DATE
Places_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.Locales [table]LocaleID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCoordinates GEOMETRY NOT NULLFeature SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLElevation SMALLINT UNSIGNEDADM TINYINT`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLocales_ibfk_3
Locales_ibfk_2
Locales_ibfk_1
Monographia.FileTypes [table]FileTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedFileType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Metadata [table]MetadatumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedFileType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSize INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPixelX MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPixelY MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTileBoundX DECIMAL(7, 4)TileBoundY DECIMAL(7, 4)TileZoomMaximum TINYINTTileZoomMinimum TINYINTMagnification DECIMAL(10, 4)CalibrationFactor DECIMAL(10, 4)CalibrationUnits TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOriginal TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMultimediaType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLNote VARCHAR(255)Publish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMetadata_ibfk_5
Metadata_ibfk_4
Metadata_ibfk_1
Monographia.MultimediaTypes [table]MultimediaTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMultimediaType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Metadata_ibfk_3
Monographia.Units [table]UnitID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedUnit VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Metadata_ibfk_2
Monographia.GeodeticData [table]GeodeticDatumID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDatum VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLArea VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLProj4 VARCHAR(511) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Locations [table]LocationID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCoordinates GEOMETRYCoordinatesEntered VARCHAR(255)CoordinatesEnteredDatum SMALLINT UNSIGNEDCoordinateUncertainty MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDGeoreferenceProtocol TINYINT UNSIGNEDGeoRefenceNote VARCHAR(255)GeoreferenceVerification TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLGeoRefenceFootprint GEOMETRYGeoRefenceFootprintFit DECIMAL UNSIGNED(5, 4)MinimumElevation SMALLINT UNSIGNEDMaximumElevation SMALLINT UNSIGNEDElevationEntered SMALLINT UNSIGNEDElevationEnteredUnits TINYINT UNSIGNEDMinimumDepth SMALLINT UNSIGNEDMaximumDepth SMALLINT UNSIGNEDDepthEntered SMALLINT UNSIGNEDDepthEnteredUnits TINYINT UNSIGNEDLocation SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLocationEntered VARCHAR(255)Publish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Locations_ibfk_8
Locations_ibfk_7
Locations_ibfk_4
Locations_ibfk_5
Locations_ibfk_1
Monographia.GeoreferenceTypes [table]GeoreferenceTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedGeoreferenceType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL Locations_ibfk_2
Monographia.GeoreferenceVerifications [table]GeoreferenceVerificationID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedVerification VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Locations_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.LocationHierarchies [table]LocationHierarchyID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPlace INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLocale SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Locations_ibfk_6
LocationHierarchies_ibfk_6
LocationHierarchies_ibfk_5
LocationHierarchies_ibfk_3
LocationHierarchies_ibfk_4
LocationHierarchies_ibfk_1
LocationHierarchies_ibfk_2
Monographia.Shapes [table]ShapeID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPlace INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLShape GEOMETRY NOT NULL
Monographia.GeographicPrefixes [table]GeographicPrefixID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPrefix VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLPrefixShort VARCHAR(255)`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLGeographicPrefixes_ibfk_1
Monographia.NamedPlaces [table]NamedPlaceID BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPlace INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPrefix SMALLINT UNSIGNEDName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLSuffix SMALLINT UNSIGNED`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
NamedPlaces_ibfk_1
NamedPlaces_ibfk_2
NamedPlaces_ibfk_4
Monographia.GeographicSuffixes [table]GeographicSuffixID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSuffix VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLSuffixShort VARCHAR(255)`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
NamedPlaces_ibfk_3
GeographicSuffixes_ibfk_1
Shapes_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.NamedLocales [table]NamedLocaleID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedLocale SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPrefix SMALLINT UNSIGNEDName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLSuffix SMALLINT UNSIGNED`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
NamedLocales_ibfk_6
NamedLocales_ibfk_5
NamedLocales_ibfk_1
NamedLocales_ibfk_2
NamedLocales_ibfk_4
NamedLocales_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.People [table]PersonID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedGivenName VARCHAR(255)MiddleName VARCHAR(255)FamilyName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLSuffix VARCHAR(255)Abbreviation VARCHAR(255)Birth DATEDeath DATE`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
People_ibfk_2
People_ibfk_1
Monographia.GraphStyles [table]GraphStyleID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedColorScheme VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLSymbolScheme VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLLineSize VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.GraphContents [table]GraphContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLHeight SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLWidth SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLGraphStyle TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLGraphType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
GraphContents_ibfk_5
GraphContents_ibfk_4
GraphContents_ibfk_2
Monographia.GraphTypes [table]GraphTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLMaximumCharacters TINYINT UNSIGNED
GraphContents_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.Contents [table]ContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDynamicContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLActivity TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
GraphContents_ibfk_1
Contents_ibfk_4
Contents_ibfk_3
Contents_ibfk_1
Monographia.TechnicalLevels [table]TechnicalLevelID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedLevel VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Contents_ibfk_2
Monographia.SpecimenTypes [table]SpecimenTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Monographia.TableTypes [table]TableTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Monographia.IdentificationQualifers [table]IdentificationQualiferID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedQualifer VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Terminals [table]TerminalID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedGenus SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSpeciesIdentificationQualifer TINYINT UNSIGNEDSpecies VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLParentheticalAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSubspeciesIdentificationQualifer TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubspecies VARCHAR(255)SubspeciesParentheticalAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDSubspeciesAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDVarietyIdentificationQualifer TINYINT UNSIGNEDVariety VARCHAR(255)VarietyParentheticalAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDVarietyAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDFormaIdentificationQualifer TINYINT UNSIGNEDForma VARCHAR(255)FormaAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDFormaParentheticalAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDTaxonomicPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDValidation TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLValidationNote VARCHAR(255)SynonymOf SMALLINT UNSIGNEDSynonymPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Terminals_ibfk_18
Terminals_ibfk_17
Terminals_ibfk_13
Terminals_ibfk_2
Terminals_ibfk_5
Terminals_ibfk_8
Terminals_ibfk_19
MonographiaTemplates.Publications [table]PublicationID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublicationType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDTitle VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLBookTitle VARCHAR(255)Editor SMALLINT UNSIGNEDJournal SMALLINT UNSIGNEDStartPage VARCHAR(255)EndPage VARCHAR(255)Edition VARCHAR(255)Publisher SMALLINT UNSIGNEDSchool SMALLINT UNSIGNEDVolume VARCHAR(255)Issue VARCHAR(255)URL MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDISBN VARCHAR(17)DOI VARCHAR(255)`Year` DATECity SMALLINT UNSIGNEDAccessDate DATENote VARCHAR(255)Publish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Terminals_ibfk_16
MonographiaTemplates.PeopleLists [table]PeopleListID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedString SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Terminals_ibfk_4
Terminals_ibfk_12
Terminals_ibfk_11
Terminals_ibfk_3
Terminals_ibfk_7
Terminals_ibfk_6
Terminals_ibfk_10
Terminals_ibfk_9
MonographiaTemplates.Taxa [table]TaxonID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLAuthor SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTaxonomicPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDValidation TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLValidationNote VARCHAR(255)Publish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Terminals_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.TaxonomicPublications [table]TaxonomicPublicationID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSource SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLVolume VARCHAR(255)Page VARCHAR(255)`Year` DATE NOT NULLYearOriginal VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Terminals_ibfk_14
Monographia.ValidationStatus [table]ValidationStatusID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedStatus VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Terminals_ibfk_15
Publications_ibfk_10
Publications_ibfk_9
Publications_ibfk_2
Publications_ibfk_3
Monographia.PublicationTypes [table]PublicationTypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublicationType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
Publications_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.Abstracts [table]AbstractID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAbstract VARCHAR(8192)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Cities [table]CityID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCity VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Publications_ibfk_8
MonographiaTemplates.Classifications [table]ClassificationID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedClassification SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSensu VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPublish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Journals [table]JournalID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedJournal VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJournalAbbreviation VARCHAR(255)ISSN VARCHAR(9)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Publications_ibfk_4
MonographiaTemplates.Publishers [table]PublisherID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublisher VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLCity VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Publications_ibfk_5
MonographiaTemplates.Schools [table]SchoolID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSchool VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLCity VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Publications_ibfk_6
MonographiaTemplates.URLs [table]URLID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedURLHash CHAR(128) NOT NULLURL VARCHAR(2048) NOT NULLLinkText VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Publications_ibfk_7
PeopleLists_ibfk_4
PeopleLists_ibfk_3
PeopleLists_ibfk_1
PeopleLists_ibfk_2
Taxa_ibfk_5
Taxa_ibfk_4
Taxa_ibfk_1
Taxa_ibfk_2
Taxa_ibfk_3
TaxonomicPublications_ibfk_3
TaxonomicPublications_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Sources [table]SourceID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSourceAbbreviation VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
TaxonomicPublications_ibfk_1
Monographia.ImageTiles [table]ImageTileID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedImage TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLX SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLY SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLZ TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTile BLOB NOT NULL
Monographia.LandsatScenes [table]LandsatSceneID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSensor CHAR(1) NOT NULLPath TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Row` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Date` DATEGroundStationIdentifier CHAR(3) NOT NULLVersion CHAR(2) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Monographia.RasterTiles [table]RasterTileID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedX SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLY SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLZ TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTile BLOB NOT NULLScene MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLQuality TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
RasterTiles_ibfk_1
Projects_ibfk_1
Monographia.NomenclaturalCodes [table]NomenclaturalCodeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCodeLong VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLCodeShort VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Projects_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterNames [table]CharacterNameID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLInputName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLForeName VARCHAR(255)AftName VARCHAR(255)`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescription VARCHAR(8192)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterNames_ibfk_1
CharacterNames_ibfk_5
CharacterNames_ibfk_4
CharacterNames_ibfk_3
CharacterNames_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterMergers [table]CharacterMergerID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLFormula VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterMergers_ibfk_3
CharacterMergers_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterGroups [table]CharacterGroupID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Group` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPublish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterMergers_ibfk_1MonographiaTemplates.MeristicUnits [table]MeristicUnitID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLInputUnits VARCHAR(255)ForeUnits VARCHAR(255)ForeUnitsPlural VARCHAR(255)ForeUnitsPluralThreshold TINYINTAftUnits VARCHAR(255)AftUnitsPlural VARCHAR(255)AftUnitsPluralThreshold TINYINTTechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescription VARCHAR(8192)`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MeristicUnits_ibfk_1
MeristicUnits_ibfk_5
MeristicUnits_ibfk_4
MeristicUnits_ibfk_3
MeristicUnits_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.DiscreteAttributes [table]DiscreteAttributeID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAdditivity TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
DiscreteAttributes_ibfk_1
DiscreteAttributes_ibfk_3
DiscreteAttributes_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.StateNames [table]StateNameID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedState MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLInputStateName VARCHAR(255)ForeStateName VARCHAR(255)ForePolymorphismName VARCHAR(255)AftStateName VARCHAR(255)AftPolymorphismName VARCHAR(255)TechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Language` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescription VARCHAR(8192)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
StateNames_ibfk_5
StateNames_ibfk_4
StateNames_ibfk_3
StateNames_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.StateGroups [table]StateGroupID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedState MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
StateNames_ibfk_1
StateGroups_ibfk_4
StateGroups_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.DiscreteStates [table]DiscreteStateID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOutputOrder TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSymbol TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
StateGroups_ibfk_1
StateGroups_ibfk_2
Monographia.Layers [table]LayerID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedLayer VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.MapLayers [table]MapLayerID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMapContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLayer TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MapLayers_ibfk_4
MapLayers_ibfk_3
MapLayers_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.MapContents [table]MapContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLUpperLeft GEOMETRY NOT NULLLowerRight GEOMETRY NOT NULLHeight SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLWidth SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMapStyle TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMapProjection TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLInset TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLExtentOccupancy TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLHulténLines TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLCultivatedSamples TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLNaturalizedSamples TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLUnverifiedSamples TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MapLayers_ibfk_1
MapContents_ibfk_5
MapContents_ibfk_4
MapContents_ibfk_1
Monographia.MapProjections [table]MapProjectionID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedProjection VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MapContents_ibfk_3
Monographia.MapStyles [table]MapStyleID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedColorScheme VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLSymbolScheme VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLLineSize VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MapContents_ibfk_2
Monographia.LifeStages [table]LifeStageID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedStage VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.VoucherLifeStages [table]VoucherLifeStageID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedVoucher SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLifeStage TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
VoucherLifeStages_ibfk_4
VoucherLifeStages_ibfk_3
VoucherLifeStages_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Vouchers [table]VoucherID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMuseum SMALLINT UNSIGNEDLocation VARCHAR(255)Accession VARCHAR(255)Identification MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLNote VARCHAR(255)Publish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
VoucherLifeStages_ibfk_1
Vouchers_ibfk_5
Vouchers_ibfk_4
Monographia.Museums [table]MuseumID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMuseum VARCHAR(255)Collection VARCHAR(255)
Vouchers_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Specimens [table]SpecimenID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPreparationDerivative SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSpecimenType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLVoucher SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLActivity TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLExtant TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLVerified TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLNote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Vouchers_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.IdentificationChains [table]IdentificationChainID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedIdentification SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Vouchers_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.Identifications [table]IdentificationID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTaxon SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTerminal SMALLINT UNSIGNEDIdentifiedBy SMALLINT UNSIGNED`Date` DATENote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Monographia.Messages [table]MessagesID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMessage VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`Start` DATETIME NOT NULLStop DATETIME NOT NULLMessageType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLoginMessage TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLandingMessage TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Monographia.Modifications [table]ModificationID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedProject MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLastModified TIMESTAMP NOT NULLLastModifier SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Modifications_ibfk_2
Modifications_ibfk_1
ProjectDescriptions_ibfk_2
ProjectDescriptions_ibfk_1
Scopes_ibfk_2
Scopes_ibfk_1
Specimens_ibfk_4
Specimens_ibfk_3
Specimens_ibfk_2
Specimens_ibfk_5
MonographiaTemplates.Derivatives [table]DerivativeID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDerivative SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Specimens_ibfk_1
IdentificationChains_ibfk_4
IdentificationChains_ibfk_3
IdentificationChains_ibfk_1
IdentificationChains_ibfk_2
Identifications_ibfk_6
Identifications_ibfk_5
Identifications_ibfk_3
Identifications_ibfk_4
Identifications_ibfk_2
Identifications_ibfk_1
Monographia.NaturalStates [table]NaturalStateID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedState VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Collections [table]CollectionID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedLocation SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLCollector SMALLINT UNSIGNEDCollectionNumber VARCHAR(255)`Date` DATETIMESecondDate DATETIMEDateEntered VARCHAR(255)NaturalState TINYINT UNSIGNEDNote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Collections_ibfk_5
Collections_ibfk_4
Collections_ibfk_1
Collections_ibfk_2
Collections_ibfk_3
Monographia.NumericSummaries [table]NumericSummarieID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSummary VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.NumericAttributes [table]NumericAttributeID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLStorageUnit TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSummary TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
NumericAttributes_ibfk_1
NumericAttributes_ibfk_5
NumericAttributes_ibfk_4
NumericAttributes_ibfk_2
NumericAttributes_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.MolecularAttributes [table]MolecularAttributeID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLocus VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MolecularAttributes_ibfk_1
MolecularAttributes_ibfk_3
MolecularAttributes_ibfk_2
Monographia.UsersProjects [table]UserProjectID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLProject MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLViewData TINYINT UNSIGNEDCreateView TINYINT UNSIGNEDInsertData TINYINT UNSIGNEDEditData TINYINT UNSIGNEDDeleteData TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
UsersProjects_ibfk_1
UsersProjects_ibfk_2
Abstracts_ibfk_3
Abstracts_ibfk_2
Abstracts_ibfk_1
Cities_ibfk_2
Cities_ibfk_1
Classifications_ibfk_4
Classifications_ibfk_3
Classifications_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Hierarchies [table]HierarchyID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedClassification SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Classifications_ibfk_1
Journals_ibfk_2
Journals_ibfk_1
Publishers_ibfk_2
Publishers_ibfk_1
Schools_ibfk_2
Schools_ibfk_1
URLs_ibfk_2
URLs_ibfk_1
Monographia.SchemaTiles [table]SchemaTileID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedX SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLY SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLZ TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTile BLOB NOT NULL
Monographia.Sexualities [table]SexualityID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSex VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.VoucherSexes [table]VoucherSexID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedVoucher SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSex TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
VoucherSexes_ibfk_4
VoucherSexes_ibfk_3
VoucherSexes_ibfk_1
VoucherSexes_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Shapes [table]ShapeID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLLocale SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLShape GEOMETRY NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLShapes_ibfk_3
Shapes_ibfk_2
Shapes_ibfk_1
Monographia.SoilData [table]SoilDatumID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedShape GEOMETRY NOT NULLTopsoilPercentGravel TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilPercentSand TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilPercentSilt TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilPercentClay TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilBulkDensity DECIMAL(3, 2)TopsoilPercentOrganicCarbon DECIMAL(4, 2)TopsoilPH DECIMAL(3, 1)TopsoilClayCationExchangeCapacity TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilCationExchangeCapacity TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilPercentBaseSaturation TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilExchangeableBases DECIMAL(4, 1)TopsoilPercentLime DECIMAL(3, 1)TopsoilPercentGypsum DECIMAL(3, 1)TopsoilPercentExchangeableSodium TINYINT UNSIGNEDTopsoilElectricalConductivity DECIMAL(4, 1)SubsoilPercentGravel TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilPercentSand TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilPercentSilt TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilPercentClay TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilBulkDensity DECIMAL(3, 2)SubsoilPercentOrganicCarbon DECIMAL(4, 2)SubsoilPH DECIMAL(3, 1)SubsoilClayCationExchangeCapacity TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilCationExchangeCapacity TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilPercentBaseSaturation TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilExchangeableBases DECIMAL(3, 1)SubsoilPercentLime DECIMAL(3, 1)SubsoilPercentGypsum DECIMAL(3, 1)SubsoilPercentExchangeableSodium TINYINT UNSIGNEDSubsoilElectricalConductivity DECIMAL(4, 1)
Derivatives_ibfk_4
Derivatives_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.Preparations [table]PreparationID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCollection SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLProtocol SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPreparedBy SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Date` DATETIMENote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Derivatives_ibfk_1
Derivatives_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.TableContents [table]TableContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTableType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
TableContents_ibfk_4
TableContents_ibfk_3
TableContents_ibfk_1
TableContents_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.ActivityScopes [table]ActivityScopeID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Scope` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDActivity TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ActivityScopes_ibfk_1
ActivityScopes_ibfk_5
ActivityScopes_ibfk_4
ActivityScopes_ibfk_2
ActivityScopes_ibfk_3
Hierarchies_ibfk_4
Hierarchies_ibfk_3
Hierarchies_ibfk_1
Hierarchies_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.ContinuousUnits [table]ContinuousUnitID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLInputUnit TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLObservableSignificantFigures TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLReportedSignificantFigures TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ContinuousUnits_ibfk_1
ContinuousUnits_ibfk_5
ContinuousUnits_ibfk_4
ContinuousUnits_ibfk_2
ContinuousUnits_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.MultilevelMetadata [table]MultilevelMetadatumID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLCaption VARCHAR(255)Activity TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLRating TINYINT UNSIGNEDTechnicalLevel TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MultilevelMetadata_ibfk_4
MultilevelMetadata_ibfk_3
MultilevelMetadata_ibfk_1
MultilevelMetadata_ibfk_2
Monographia.Types [table]TypeID TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedTypeOfType VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.TypeVouchers [table]TypeVoucherID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedVoucher SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTerminal SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTypeOfType TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTaxonomicPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDNote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
TypeVouchers_ibfk_5
TypeVouchers_ibfk_4
TypeVouchers_ibfk_2
TypeVouchers_ibfk_1
TypeVouchers_ibfk_3
Monographia.UnitConversions [table]UnitConversionID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`From` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`To` TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLConversion DECIMAL(10, 4) NOT NULL
UnitConversions_ibfk_1
UnitConversions_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterDependencies [table]CharacterDependencyID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedIndependentCharacter MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLIndependentState MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDependentCharacter MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterDependencies_ibfk_3
CharacterDependencies_ibfk_1
CharacterDependencies_ibfk_5
CharacterDependencies_ibfk_4
CharacterDependencies_ibfk_2
DiscreteStates_ibfk_1
DiscreteStates_ibfk_3
DiscreteStates_ibfk_2
CharacterGroups_ibfk_1
CharacterGroups_ibfk_2
CharacterGroups_ibfk_4
CharacterGroups_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterHierarchies [table]CharacterHierarchyID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCharacters MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterHierarchies_ibfk_4
CharacterHierarchies_ibfk_3
CharacterHierarchies_ibfk_1
CharacterHierarchies_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterMultimedia [table]CharacterMultimedumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterMultimedia_ibfk_1
CharacterMultimedia_ibfk_4
CharacterMultimedia_ibfk_3
CharacterMultimedia_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterStateMultimedia [table]CharacterStateMultimedumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedState MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CharacterStateMultimedia_ibfk_4
CharacterStateMultimedia_ibfk_3
CharacterStateMultimedia_ibfk_2
CharacterStateMultimedia_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.ContentCharacters [table]ContentCharacterID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDynamicContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ContentCharacters_ibfk_4
ContentCharacters_ibfk_3
ContentCharacters_ibfk_1
ContentCharacters_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.ContentGeographies [table]ContentGeographyID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDynamicContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Constraint` VARCHAR(255)Geography GEOMETRY NOT NULLGeographyHash CHAR(128) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ContentGeographies_ibfk_3
ContentGeographies_ibfk_2
ContentGeographies_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.ContentTerminals [table]ContentTerminalID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedDynamicContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTerminal SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ContentTerminals_ibfk_4
ContentTerminals_ibfk_3
ContentTerminals_ibfk_1
ContentTerminals_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.ContinuousObservationMultimedia [table]ContinuousObservationMultimedumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedObservation INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLGeoJSON VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ContinuousObservationMultimedia_ibfk_4
ContinuousObservationMultimedia_ibfk_3
ContinuousObservationMultimedia_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.ContinuousObservations [table]ContinuousObservationID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDObservation DECIMAL(10, 4)Entered VARCHAR(255)Statistical TINYINT UNSIGNEDPublish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ContinuousObservationMultimedia_ibfk_1
ContinuousObservations_ibfk_1
ContinuousObservations_ibfk_5
ContinuousObservations_ibfk_4
ContinuousObservations_ibfk_3
ContinuousObservations_ibfk_2
Sources_ibfk_3
Sources_ibfk_2
Sources_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.CriticalContents [table]CriticalContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCriticalDiscussion SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CriticalContents_ibfk_4
CriticalContents_ibfk_3
CriticalContents_ibfk_1
CriticalContents_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.CriticalDiscussionContents [table]CriticalDiscussionContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLCriticalDiscussion SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDiscussion VARCHAR(8192)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
CriticalDiscussionContents_ibfk_4
CriticalDiscussionContents_ibfk_3
CriticalDiscussionContents_ibfk_1
CriticalDiscussionContents_ibfk_2
Preparations_ibfk_5
Preparations_ibfk_4
Preparations_ibfk_3
Preparations_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.Protocols [table]ProtocolID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedProtocolName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLProtocol SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDNote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Preparations_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.DiscreteObservationMultimedia [table]DiscreteObservationMultimedumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedObservation INT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
DiscreteObservationMultimedia_ibfk_4
DiscreteObservationMultimedia_ibfk_3
DiscreteObservationMultimedia_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.DiscreteObservations [table]DiscreteObservationID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDState MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLPublish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
DiscreteObservationMultimedia_ibfk_1
DiscreteObservations_ibfk_1
DiscreteObservations_ibfk_6
DiscreteObservations_ibfk_5
DiscreteObservations_ibfk_3
DiscreteObservations_ibfk_2
DiscreteObservations_ibfk_4
MonographiaTemplates.Files [table]FileID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMetadata MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLFile LONGBLOB NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Files_ibfk_3
Files_ibfk_2
Files_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.ImageTiles [table]ImageTileID BIGINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedImage MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLX SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLY SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLZ TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTile BLOB NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ImageTiles_ibfk_3
ImageTiles_ibfk_2
ImageTiles_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.KeyCharacters [table]KeyCharacterID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCouplet SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
KeyCharacters_ibfk_4
KeyCharacters_ibfk_3
KeyCharacters_ibfk_1
KeyCharacters_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.KeyContents [table]KeyContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`Key` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
KeyContents_ibfk_4
KeyContents_ibfk_3
KeyContents_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.KeyCoupletContents [table]KeyCoupletContentID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedCoupletDepth SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
KeyContents_ibfk_2
KeyCoupletContents_ibfk_4
KeyCoupletContents_ibfk_3
KeyCoupletContents_ibfk_1
KeyCoupletContents_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Keywords [table]KeywordID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedKeyword VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Keywords_ibfk_2
Keywords_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.MolecularAlignments [table]MolecularAlignmentID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDSequence VARCHAR(8192) NOT NULLPublish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MolecularAlignments_ibfk_1
MolecularAlignments_ibfk_5
MolecularAlignments_ibfk_4
MolecularAlignments_ibfk_3
MolecularAlignments_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.MultimediaIdentificationChains [table]MultimediaIdentificationChainID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedIdentification SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MultimediaIdentificationChains_ibfk_4
MultimediaIdentificationChains_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.MultimediaIdentifications [table]MultimediaIdentificationID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedImage MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTaxon SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTerminal SMALLINT UNSIGNEDIdentifiedBy SMALLINT UNSIGNED`Date` DATENote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MultimediaIdentificationChains_ibfk_1
MultimediaIdentificationChains_ibfk_2
MultimediaIdentifications_ibfk_6
MultimediaIdentifications_ibfk_5
MultimediaIdentifications_ibfk_1
MultimediaIdentifications_ibfk_3
MultimediaIdentifications_ibfk_4
MultimediaIdentifications_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.MultimediaKeywords [table]MultimediaKeywordID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLKeyword SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MultimediaKeywords_ibfk_4
MultimediaKeywords_ibfk_3
MultimediaKeywords_ibfk_1
MultimediaKeywords_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.MultimediaURLs [table]MultimediaURLID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMetadata MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLURL MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
MultimediaURLs_ibfk_4
MultimediaURLs_ibfk_3
MultimediaURLs_ibfk_1
MultimediaURLs_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.ObservationNotes [table]ObservationNoteID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNEDPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDNote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ObservationNotes_ibfk_5
ObservationNotes_ibfk_4
ObservationNotes_ibfk_3
ObservationNotes_ibfk_2
ObservationNotes_ibfk_1
Protocols_ibfk_4
Protocols_ibfk_3
Protocols_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.Steps [table]StepID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedProtocol SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLAncestor MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDescendent MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLDistance TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Protocols_ibfk_1
Steps_ibfk_4
Steps_ibfk_3
MonographiaTemplates.Techniques [table]TechniqueID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedAction VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNEDNote VARCHAR(255)`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Steps_ibfk_1
Steps_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.PublicationMultimedia [table]PublicationMultimedumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
PublicationMultimedia_ibfk_4
PublicationMultimedia_ibfk_3
PublicationMultimedia_ibfk_2
PublicationMultimedia_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.PublicationsKeywords [table]PublicationsKeywordID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLKeyword SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
PublicationsKeywords_ibfk_4
PublicationsKeywords_ibfk_3
PublicationsKeywords_ibfk_1
PublicationsKeywords_ibfk_2
MonographiaTemplates.SpecimenMultimedia [table]SpecimenMultimedumID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedSpecimen MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMultimedia MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
SpecimenMultimedia_ibfk_4
SpecimenMultimedia_ibfk_3
SpecimenMultimedia_ibfk_2
SpecimenMultimedia_ibfk_1
Techniques_ibfk_3
Techniques_ibfk_2
Techniques_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.ThumbnailFiles [table]ThumbnailFileID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedMetadata MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLThumbnailFile BLOB NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
ThumbnailFiles_ibfk_3
ThumbnailFiles_ibfk_2
ThumbnailFiles_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.TypeExams [table]TypeExamID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedTypeVouchers SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLExaminedBy SMALLINT UNSIGNED`Date` DATENote VARCHAR(255)Publish TINYINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
TypeExams_ibfk_2
TypeExams_ibfk_4
TypeExams_ibfk_3
TypeExams_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.Vernacularisms [table]VernacularismID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedTerminal SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLName VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLPublication SMALLINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL`User` SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLOwner SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
Vernacularisms_ibfk_4
Vernacularisms_ibfk_3
Vernacularisms_ibfk_1
Vernacularisms_ibfk_2
Monographia.VectorTiles [table]VectorTileID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedX SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLY SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLZ TINYINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTile MEDIUMBLOB NOT NULL
MonographiaTemplates.Descriptions [table]DescriptionID INT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTaxon SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLTerminal SMALLINT UNSIGNED`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Descriptions_ibfk_3
Descriptions_ibfk_2
Descriptions_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.CharacterModels [table]CharacterModelID MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incremented`Character` MEDIUMINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLJSONeditor VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONtype VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONlabel VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONdescription VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONmin VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONmax VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONnumberFormat VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONplaceHolder VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONtitle VARCHAR(255) NOT NULLJSONstates VARCHAR(255) NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
CharacterModels_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.Graphs [table]GraphID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLGraph BLOB NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Graphs_ibfk_1
MonographiaTemplates.Maps [table]MapID SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULL
auto-incrementedContent SMALLINT UNSIGNED NOT NULLMap BLOB NOT NULL`TimeStamp` TIMESTAMP NOT NULL
Maps_ibfk_1
simple table
given name(s) family name born died abbreviation interest(s) alias(es)
George Bentham 1800 1884 Benth. Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Ezra Brainerd 1844 1924 Brainerd Spermatophytes
Nathaniel Lord Britton 1859 1934 Britton Bryophytes; Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Merritt Lyndon Fernald 1873 1950 Fernald Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Asa Gray 1810 1888 A.Gray Algae; Bryophytes; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Oskar Eric Gunnar Hultén 1894 1981 Hultén Bryophytes; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Carl Linnaeus 1707 1778 L. Algae; Bryophytes; Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes Linné, Carl von
hash 0
abbreviation given name(s)
Benth. George
Brainerd Ezra
Britton Nathaniel Lord
Fernald Merritt Lyndon
A.Gray Asa
Hultén Oskar Eric Gunnar
L. Carl
hash 1
abbreviation family name
Benth. Bentham
Brainerd Brainerd
Britton Britton
Fernald Fernald
A.Gray Gray
Hultén Hultén
L. Linnaeus
hash 2
abbreviation born
Benth. 1800
Brainerd 1844
Britton 1859
Fernald 1873
A.Gray 1810
Hultén 1894
L. 1707
hash 3
abbreviation died
Benth. 1884
Brainerd 1924
Britton 1934
Fernald 1950
A.Gray 1888
Hultén 1981
L. 1778
hash 4
abbreviation interest(s)
Benth. Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Brainerd Spermatophytes
Britton Bryophytes; Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Fernald Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
A.Gray Algae; Bryophytes; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Hultén Bryophytes; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
L. Algae; Bryophytes; Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
hash 5
abbreviation alias(es)
Benth.
Brainerd
Britton
Fernald
A.Gray
Hultén
L. Linné, Carl von
Benth.
attribute value
given name(s) George
family name Bentham
born 1800
died 1884
interest(s) Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Brainerd
attribute value
given name(s) Ezra
family name Brainerd
born 1844
died 1924
interest(s) Spermatophytes
Britton
attribute value
given name(s) Nathaniel Lord
family name Britton
born 1859
died 1934
interest(s) Bryophytes; Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Fernald
attribute value
given name(s) Merritt Lyndon
family name Fernald
born 1873
died 1950
interest(s) Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
A.Gray
attribute value
given name(s) Asa
family name Gray
born 1810
died 1888
interest(s) Algae; Bryophytes; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
Hultén
attribute value
given name(s) Oskar Eric Gunnar
family name Hultén
born 1894
died 1981
interest(s) Bryophytes; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
L.
attribute value
given name(s) Carl
family name Linnaeus
born 1707
died 1778
interest(s) Algae; Bryophytes; Mycology; Pteridophytes; Spermatophytes
alias(es) Linné, Carl von
botanists
botanist ID abbreviation born died
1 Benth. 1800 1884
2 Brainerd 1844 1924
3 Britton 1859 1934
4 Fernald 1873 1950
5 A.Gray 1810 1888
6 Hultén 1894 1981
7 L. 1707 1778
names
name ID botanist ID given name(s) family name
1 1 George Bentham
2 2 Ezra Brainerd
3 3 Nathaniel Lord Britton
4 4 Merritt Lyndon Fernald
5 5 Asa Gray
6 6 Oskar Eric Gunnar Hultén
7 7 Carl Linnaeus
8 7 Carl von Linné
interests
interest ID interest
1 Algae
2 Bryophytes
3 Mycology
4 Pteridophytes
5 Spermatophytes
botanical interests
botanical interest ID botanist ID interest ID
1 1 3
2 1 4
3 1 5
4 2 5
5 3 2
6 3 3
7 3 4
8 3 5
9 4 4
10 4 5
11 5 1
12 5 2
13 5 4
14 5 5
15 6 2
16 6 4
17 6 5
18 7 1
19 7 2
20 7 3
21 7 4
22 7 5
Structured Query Language http://99-bottles-of-beer.net/
SELECT CASE (bottlecount) WHEN 0 THEN 'No more bottle of beer on the wall, no more bottles of beer. ' || 'Go to the store and buy some more, 99 bottles of beer on the wall.' WHEN 1 THEN '1 bottle of beer on the wall, 1 bottle of beer. ' || 'Take one down and pass it around, no more bottles of beer on the wall.' WHEN 2 THEN '2 bottles of beer on the wall, 2 bottles of beer. ' || 'Take one down and pass it around, 1 bottle of beer on the wall.' ELSE rtrim (cast((BottleCount) as char(2))) || ' bottles of beer on the wall, ' || rtrim (cast((BottleCount) as char(2))) || ' bottles of beer. ' || 'Take one down and pass it around, ' || rtrim (cast((BottleCount)-1 as char(2))) || ' bottles of beer on the wall.' END FROM ( SELECT avalue * 10 + bvalue as bottlecount FROM (VALUES (9), (8), (7), (6), (5), (4), (3), (2), (1), (0)) a(avalue), (VALUES (9), (8), (7), (6), (5), (4), (3), (2), (1), (0)) b(bvalue) ) as valuelist;
Structured Query Language
based on work by Codd (1970)
first put into practice (at least) twice:
D. D. Chamberlin and R. F. Boyce: System R (IBM)
eventually called SQL
System R is now SQL/DS and DB2
M. Stonebraker and E. Wong: Ingres (UC Berkeley)
QUEL was very similar to SQL
Ingres is now Ingres, Sybase, SQL Server (Microsoft), Postgres, etc.
Structured Query Language
an international standard
SQL-92, -1999, -2003, -2006, -2008, -2011, -2016
inconsistently implemented
often ‘extended’ to allow non–standard syntax
or to easily handle ‘unusual’ data types
strongly typed (weakened by some implementations)
keywords written in ALL CAPS (for readability only)
lines end with semicolon;
unnecessarily complex (takes after COBOL)
![System Calls, Kernel Mode, and Process Implementation€¦ · Unix Startup: Step 1 init [1] [0] Process 0: handcrafted kernel process Child process 1 execs /sbin/init 1. Pushing reset](https://static.documents.pub/doc/80x56/608e14e7c374390706143d4b/system-calls-kernel-mode-and-process-implementation-unix-startup-step-1-init.jpg)
